Publication: Nutrition and hypothalamic neuropeptides in sheep: Histochemical studies
Authors
Chaillou, E. ; Tillet, Y.
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Publisher
Murcia : F. Hernández
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DOI
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info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Description
Abstract
The identification and role of neuropeptides
in the control of food intake and energy balance have
been extensively studied in rodents, and for more than
ten years, similar studies have been performed in sheep.
As a photoperiodic ruminant, sheep are an interesting
alternative animal model to rodents. In this review, we
summarize the results obtained in sheep concerning the
distribution of peptide-containing neurones in the
hypothalamus and their central role in the control of
food intake and energy balance, and compared them with
relevant data from rodents. Even if the general
organization and the role of hypothalamic neuropeptides
are similar in sheep and rodents, numerous differences
have been observed between these two species. In sheep,
the magnocellular neurones of the paraventricular and
supraoptic nuclei are characterized by the low density
and the lack of galanin- and neuropeptide-Y-containing
neurones, respectively. The sheep pituitary stalk presents
neurones containing neuropeptides such as
neuropeptide-Y or beta-endorphin, which are also found
in the deep part of the infundibular nucleus. In this
structure, several neuronal populations, including
galanin, agouti-gene related peptide, somatostatin, are
sensitive to energy balance variations, undernutrition or
overfeeding, which may specifically modify neuropeptide levels in discrete neuronal subgroups. This
feature is well illustrated by the number of neuropeptide-
Y labelled neurones, that increases in the lateral part of
the infundibular nucleus of undernourished ewes and
decreases in the ventral part of overfed ewes.
Conversely, after 24 hours of food deprivation, the
number of neuropeptide-Y-immunolabelled neurones is
unchanged in the sheep infundibular nucleus, whereas
increased levels of this neuropeptide are described, in
rats, by radioimmuno-assay. In conclusion, our review
shows that peptide-containing neurone systems, involved
in the regulation of food intake and energy balance in sheep, are generally similar to those observed in other
species, but they present specific differences according
to the physiological characteristics of the animal model.
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