Publication: La agroecología en Venezuela: Tensiones entre el rentismo petrolero y la soberanía agroalimentaria
Authors
Domené-Painenao, Olga ; Cruces, José Miguel ; Herrera, Francisco F.
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Publisher
Universidad de Murcia
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DOI
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info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Description
Abstract
La evolución del pensamiento agroecológico en Venezuela es planteada en tres grandes etapas,
haciéndose especial énfasis en la emergencia e institucionalización de la agroecología como cuerpo
de conocimiento transdisciplinario. Entendida la agroecología desde la perspectiva de la producción
de alimentos con mínimo impacto sobre los ciclos naturales, y adaptada a los ecosistemas,
ha estado presente, en tanto el país cuenta con importantes aportes de las culturas indígenas y la
influencia africana y europea durante el período colonial. La aparición del petróleo a principios del
siglo XX, y la posterior inserción del modelo agroindustrial significó un viraje que favoreció la fuerte
dependencia alimentaria externa y la consolidación de una agricultura capital-intensiva. Esto se
agudizó con la disminución inducida de una masa campesina que se vio compelida a formar parte
de cinturones de miseria en pueblos y ciudades. No obstante, corrientes ambientalistas durante
las últimas décadas, y la acción de grupos académicos e incluso urbanos en sinergia con grupos
rurales conscientes, favorecen la agricultura sustentable. Con la Constitución de 1999 se generan
nuevos ámbitos institucionales que propenden al diseño de políticas agrícolas que abren espacios
al pensamiento agroecológico. Actualmente, la agroecología tiene potentes formas académicas e
institucionales y es ampliamente aceptada por los movimientos sociales urbanos y rurales; no obstante,
las tensiones con el fantasma del rentismo petrolero y las nociones de progreso científico de
base mecanicista aún son manifiestas en las políticas públicas del modelo agroalimentario nacional,
lo cual significa un reto todavía vivo para los grupos que luchan por una agricultura sustentable.
Summary: The agroecology in Venezuela: tensions between oil-economy dependancy and agroalimentary sovereignty The evolution of the agroecological wisdom is established in three periods, with special emphasis on the emergence and institutionalization of agroecology as a transdisciplinary framework. Agroecology, understood from the perspective of environmentally healthy food production system and adapted to natural cycles, is present, since the country has had important contributions from indigenous cultures, and African and European influences during the colonial period. The appearance of oil in early 20Th century, followed by the northamerican promoted agro-industrial model insertion, determined drastic changes towards a dependency on imported food policies and capital-intensive agriculture. Massive peasant migration conforming misery city belts worsen food production situation. However, towards the end of the century, urban environmentalist movements and academic sectors in synergy with conscious rural groups promoted the sustainable agriculture approach. The 1999 Constitution propitiated new institutions conceived to elaborate agricultural policies dispose to incorporate the agroecological wisdom. Currently, agroecology has powerful academic and institutional structures and is widely accepted by urban and rural social movements. Nevertheless, tensions with the oil dependency phantom and mechanistic-based scientific progress notions are notorious in the public policies of the national agroalimentary model, representing a real challenge for those groups fighting for sustainable agricultural option.
Summary: The agroecology in Venezuela: tensions between oil-economy dependancy and agroalimentary sovereignty The evolution of the agroecological wisdom is established in three periods, with special emphasis on the emergence and institutionalization of agroecology as a transdisciplinary framework. Agroecology, understood from the perspective of environmentally healthy food production system and adapted to natural cycles, is present, since the country has had important contributions from indigenous cultures, and African and European influences during the colonial period. The appearance of oil in early 20Th century, followed by the northamerican promoted agro-industrial model insertion, determined drastic changes towards a dependency on imported food policies and capital-intensive agriculture. Massive peasant migration conforming misery city belts worsen food production situation. However, towards the end of the century, urban environmentalist movements and academic sectors in synergy with conscious rural groups promoted the sustainable agriculture approach. The 1999 Constitution propitiated new institutions conceived to elaborate agricultural policies dispose to incorporate the agroecological wisdom. Currently, agroecology has powerful academic and institutional structures and is widely accepted by urban and rural social movements. Nevertheless, tensions with the oil dependency phantom and mechanistic-based scientific progress notions are notorious in the public policies of the national agroalimentary model, representing a real challenge for those groups fighting for sustainable agricultural option.
Citation
Agroecología, Vol.10, Num. 2, (2015)
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