Publication: Genetic analysis to complement histopathological diagnosis of brain tumors
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Date
2007
Authors
Nakamura, M. ; Shimada, K. ; Ishida, E. ; Nakase, H. ; Konishi, N.
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Publisher
Murcia : F. Hernández
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DOI
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info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Description
Abstract
Gliomas, the most frequent tumors
originating in the human nervous system, are divided
into various subtypes. Currently, microscopic
examination alone is insufficient for classification and
grading so that genetic profiles are increasingly being
emphasized in recognition of the emerging role of
molecular diagnostic approaches to glioma
classification. Glioblastomas (WHO grade IV) may
develop de novo (primary glioblastomas) or through
progression from lower-grade astrocytomas (secondary
glioblastomas), while both glioblastomas show similar
histological features. In contrast, they do constitute
distinct disease entities that evolve through different
genetic pathways, and are likely to differ in prognosis
and response to therapy. Oligodendrogliomas (WHO
grade II) account for 2.7% of brain tumors and 5-18% of
all gliomas. Since this tumor is recognized as a particular
subtype of glioma that shows remarkable responses to
chemotherapy, a correct diagnosis is of prime
importance. The difficulty is that histological
differentiation of oligodendrogliomas from diffuse
astrocytomas is highly subjective in cases without
typical morphological features and there is a lack of
reliable immunohistochemical markers. While
histological distinction of low-grade gliomas from
reactive astrocytes is also often difficult, reactive
astrocytes usually lack genetic alterations. More
biological and molecular approaches to glioma classification thus appear warranted to provide improved
means to achieve correct diagnoses.
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