Publication: La especialidad de medicina del trabajo en España: formación, competencias y valor social.
Authors
Rueda Garrido, Juan Carlos
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Colex
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DOI
https://doi.org/10.69592/2952-1955-EXTRA-MAYO-2026-ART-4
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info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Description
Abstract
La Medicina del Trabajo constituye una especialidad médica de naturaleza transversal cuya misión trasciende la vigilancia de la salud para integrarse en la sostenibilidad socioeconómica del país. Este artículo analiza la evolución del programa formativo español desde la Orden SCO/1526/2005 hasta la propuesta competencial de 2026, articulada en nueve dominios específicos y trece competencias transversales comunes conforme al Real Decreto 589/2022. Se examina el papel determinante del especialista en la gestión de la incapacidad temporal y el absentismo —cuya tasa alcanzó el 7 % en el primer trimestre de 2025—, la coordinación estratégica con Mutuas y el Sistema Nacional de Salud, y los modelos de retorno progresivo al trabajo. Se concluye que la transición hacia Unidades Docentes Multiprofesionales y el enfoque basado en competencias posicionan a la especialidad como agente esencial de progreso sanitario, social y económico en España.
Abstract: Occupational Medicine represents a cross-cutting medical specialty whose mission extends beyond health surveillance to become integral to the country's socioeconomic sustainability. This article analyses the evolution of the Spanish postgraduate training programme from Ministerial Order SCO/1526/2005 to the competency-based proposal of 2026, structured around nine specific domains and thirteen common transversal competencies in accordance with Royal Decree 589/2022. The decisive role of the specialist in managing temporary work incapacity and absenteeism — which reached a rate of 7 % in the first quarter of 2025 — is examined, together with the strategic coordination between Mutual Accident Insurance Societies and the National Health System, and models for progressive return to work. It is concluded that the transition towards Multiprofessional Teaching Units and a competency-based framework positions the specialty as an essential driver of healthcare, social and economic progress in Spain.
Abstract: Occupational Medicine represents a cross-cutting medical specialty whose mission extends beyond health surveillance to become integral to the country's socioeconomic sustainability. This article analyses the evolution of the Spanish postgraduate training programme from Ministerial Order SCO/1526/2005 to the competency-based proposal of 2026, structured around nine specific domains and thirteen common transversal competencies in accordance with Royal Decree 589/2022. The decisive role of the specialist in managing temporary work incapacity and absenteeism — which reached a rate of 7 % in the first quarter of 2025 — is examined, together with the strategic coordination between Mutual Accident Insurance Societies and the National Health System, and models for progressive return to work. It is concluded that the transition towards Multiprofessional Teaching Units and a competency-based framework positions the specialty as an essential driver of healthcare, social and economic progress in Spain.
Citation
Rueda Garrido, J.C. (2026) “La especialidad de medicina del trabajo en España: formación, competencias y valor social”, Revista Justicia & Trabajo, (6), p. 91. doi:10.69592/2952-1955-EXTRA-MAYO-2026-ART-4.
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