Publication: lnsulitis and islet microvasculature in type 1 diabetes
Authors
Papaccio, G.
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Publisher
Murcia : F. Hernández
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DOI
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info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Description
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes is characterized by a mononuclear
infiltration, commonly called «insulitis». The
cells that constitute the insulitis are mainly monocytes
that are recruited from extraislet areas and arrive at the
islet site via the vascular system. Infiltrating cells must
then pass across the endothelia to gain access to the islet
parenchyma.
The anatomy and physiology of the islet microvasculature
shows that islet B cells are firstly perfused
and influence both endocrine non-B islet cells and periinsular
exocrine cells.
The low dose streptozocin (LDS) treatment is able to
induce, other than a monocyte/macrophage recruitment
and activation, islet vascular alterations, mainly at the
leve1 of post-capillary venules encircling the islets of
Langerhans and a concomitant fa11 in Superoxidedismutase
(SOD) (the first cellular defence against free
radicals) activity. These findings, together with the
increase in vascular permeability and the morphological
evidence of areas of oedema formation within the islets,
have raised the interest in the «microvasculm> approach
to this disease. Actually the reduction in B-cell perfusion
and the concomitant attack by phagocytes with a fall in
SOD activity should be considered as events that are
linked to each other. On the other hand both macrophages and endothelia are able to produce free
radicals and, in particular, nitric oxide. This confirms
that the islet vascular system seems to be involved in
early insulitis and B-cell lysis.
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