Publication: Utilidad de la antropometría para la valoración de la composición corporal durante la gestación
Authors
Moreno Pérez, Elena
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Escuela Internacional de Doctorado
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Sánchez Ferrer, María Luisa ; San Lázaro Campillo, Indra Judit
Publisher
Universidad de Murcia
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DOI
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info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis
Description
Abstract
Introducción: Durante la gestación, periodo en el que ocurren cambios significativos en la composición y morfología corporal de la mujer, resulta fundamental identificar estas variaciones para proporcionar un adecuado asesoramiento sobre el riesgo obstétrico, así como un seguimiento y recomendaciones individualizadas según las necesidades de cada gestante. A ello se suma el incremento en la prevalencia de obesidad en mujeres en edad fértil, siendo el tejido adiposo el principal componente corporal asociado con resultados perinatales adversos.
Objetivo: Analizar la utilidad de la antropometría como herramienta para valorar la composición corporal de la mujer gestante, describiendo sus modificaciones a lo largo del segundo trimestre del embarazo.
Metodología: Se evaluó la composición corporal de 698 gestantes mediante antropometría en el segundo y tercer trimestre de la gestación. La cantidad de tejido graso se estimó a partir de la medición de pliegues cutáneos, y se describieron los cambios en su distribución y magnitud entre ambos trimestres. Asimismo, se analizó el somatotipo y se elaboró la somatocarta de la población gestante.
Resultados: Se observaron incrementos significativos en el espesor de los pliegues subescapular, supraespinal y del muslo entre las semanas 20 y 32 del embarazo, mientras que el pliegue tricipital mostró una ligera disminución. Las gestantes con sobrepeso y obesidad presentaron una mayor cantidad total de tejido graso, pero acumularon una menor proporción de masa grasa durante la segunda mitad de la gestación en comparación con aquellas con normopeso al inicio del embarazo. En las gestantes con normopeso predominó la acumulación adiposa central, mientras que en las mujeres con sobrepeso y obesidad se observó un mayor incremento en los pliegues cutáneos de las extremidades inferiores. Todas las participantes que desarrollaron alguna complicación materna presentaron un somatotipo meso-endomorfo. El componente endomórfico se identificó como predictor independiente de eventos maternos adversos. La somatocarta aportó una visión global de la constitución corporal, reflejando patrones morfológicos vinculados a riesgos clínicos específicos.
Introduction: Pregnancy is a period characterized by significant changes in body composition and morphology. Identifying these variations is essential to provide appropriate counseling on obstetric risk, as well as individualized follow-up and recommendations tailored to each woman’s needs. This is particularly relevant given the rising prevalence of obesity among women of reproductive age, with adipose tissue being the main body component associated with adverse perinatal outcomes. Objective: To analyze the usefulness of anthropometry as a tool for assessing body composition in pregnant women, describing its modifications throughout the second trimester of pregnancy. Methodology: Body composition was assessed in 698 pregnant women using anthropometry during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy. Fat mass was estimated through skinfold thickness measurements, and changes in its distribution and magnitude between the two trimesters were described. Somatotype was also analyzed, and a somatocart was constructed for the study population. Results: Significant increases were observed in the thickness of the subscapular, suprailiac, and thigh skinfolds between weeks 20 and 32 of pregnancy, whereas triceps skinfold thickness showed a slight decrease. Overweight and obese women had a higher total amount of adipose tissue but accumulated a lower proportion of fat mass during the second half of pregnancy compared with women with normal weight at the beginning of gestation. In normal-weight women, central fat accumulation predominated, whereas in overweight and obese women, greater increases in skinfold thickness were observed in the lower extremities. All participants who developed maternal complications presented a meso-endomorphic somatotype. The endomorphic component was identified as an independent predictor of adverse maternal outcomes. The somatocart provided a global overview of body constitution, reflecting morphological patterns associated with specific clinical risks.
Introduction: Pregnancy is a period characterized by significant changes in body composition and morphology. Identifying these variations is essential to provide appropriate counseling on obstetric risk, as well as individualized follow-up and recommendations tailored to each woman’s needs. This is particularly relevant given the rising prevalence of obesity among women of reproductive age, with adipose tissue being the main body component associated with adverse perinatal outcomes. Objective: To analyze the usefulness of anthropometry as a tool for assessing body composition in pregnant women, describing its modifications throughout the second trimester of pregnancy. Methodology: Body composition was assessed in 698 pregnant women using anthropometry during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy. Fat mass was estimated through skinfold thickness measurements, and changes in its distribution and magnitude between the two trimesters were described. Somatotype was also analyzed, and a somatocart was constructed for the study population. Results: Significant increases were observed in the thickness of the subscapular, suprailiac, and thigh skinfolds between weeks 20 and 32 of pregnancy, whereas triceps skinfold thickness showed a slight decrease. Overweight and obese women had a higher total amount of adipose tissue but accumulated a lower proportion of fat mass during the second half of pregnancy compared with women with normal weight at the beginning of gestation. In normal-weight women, central fat accumulation predominated, whereas in overweight and obese women, greater increases in skinfold thickness were observed in the lower extremities. All participants who developed maternal complications presented a meso-endomorphic somatotype. The endomorphic component was identified as an independent predictor of adverse maternal outcomes. The somatocart provided a global overview of body constitution, reflecting morphological patterns associated with specific clinical risks.
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