Publication: Aldose reductase as a regulator of ocular pathology: Mechanisms and therapeutic potential
Authors
Pei Kang Liu ; Dimitrios Stavropoulos ; Kun Che Chang ; Laman Mirzaliyeva
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Publisher
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Universidad de Murcia, Departamento de Biologia Celular e Histiologia
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DOI
https://doi.org/10.14670/HH-25-045
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info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Description
Abstract
Aldose reductase (AR), the rate-limiting
enzyme of the polyol pathway, converts glucose to
sorbitol using NADPH and becomes markedly
overactive under hyperglycemic conditions. Its
widespread expression in ocular tissues links AR to
numerous eye disorders through sorbitol accumulation,
microglial activation, NADPH depletion, oxidative
stress, and increased formation of advanced glycation
end products. These mechanisms contribute to the
development of diabetic retinopathy, cataract, glaucoma,
and other optic neuropathies, conditions that affect a
large portion of the population and carry a substantial
risk of progressing to vision loss if left untreated. The
central involvement of AR in these processes has driven
extensive development of aldose reductase inhibitors
(ARIs), which reduce sorbitol buildup, oxidative stress,
VEGF expression, and microglial activation. Thus,
clarifying the functions of AR and therapeutically
targeting this pathway remains essential for advancing
strategies to prevent or slow the progression of ocular
disease.
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