Publication: Metabotropic glutamate receptors promote neuronal and vascular plasticity through novel intracellular pathways
Authors
Chong, Z.Z. ; Kang, J.Q. ; Maiese, K.
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Publisher
Murcia : F. Hernández
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DOI
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info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Description
Abstract
During the initial development and
maturation of an individual, the metabotropic glutamate
receptor (mGluR) system becomes a necessary
component for the critical integration of cellular function
and plasticity. In addition to the maintenance of cellular
physiology, the mGluR system plays a critical role
during acute and chronic degenerative disorders of the
central nervous system. By coupling to guanosinenucleotide-
binding proteins (G-proteins), the mGluR
system employs a broad range of signal transduction
systems to regulate cell survival and injury. More
commonly, it is the activation of specific mGluR
subtypes that can prevent programmed cell death (PCD)
consisting of two distinct pathways of genomic DNA
degradation and membrane phosphatidylserine (PS)
residue exposure. To offer this cellular protection,
mGluRs modulate a series of down-stream cellular
pathways that include protein kinases, mitochondrial
membrane potential, cysteine proteases, intracellular pH,
endonucleases, and mitogen activated protein kinases.
Prevention of cellular injury by the mGluR system is
directly applicable to clinical disability, since immediate
and delayed injury paradigms demonstrate the ability of
this system to reverse PCD in both neuronal and
vascular cell populations. Further understanding of the
intricate pathways that determine the protective nature of
the mGluR system will provide new therapeutic avenues
for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders.
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