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Seva Alcaraz, Juan

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Seva Alcaraz, Juan
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Anatomía y Anatomía Patológica Comparadas
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    Síndrome «humpy-backed» en cerdos en España
    (Murcia: Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Murcia, 2013) Pallarés Martínez, Francisco José; Gómez, S.; Pérez Marín, Mari Cruz; Strickland, T; García Nicolás, Olga; Salguero, F.J.; Seva Alcaraz, Juan
    El síndrome «humpy-backed» fue descrito en cerdos por primera vez en el Reino Unido en 1984. El síndrome ha sido observado en algunos países pero la etiología y la patogenia son todavía desconocidas. Este caso describe la aparición de cerdos con «humpy-backed» en la lechonera de una granja de 3.800 cerdas situada en el noreste de España. El problema afectó aproximadamente al 3% de la progenie semanal de una línea genética particular de la granja compuesta por 450 cerdas. La incidencia alcanzó picos del 9-11% en algunas semanas. Los lechones aparecían deprimidos, con pelaje hirsuto y deterioro físico progresivo. En la necropsia, a pesar de la apariencia de lordosis, no se detectaron alteraciones en los huesos y articulaciones de la columna vertebral. Microscópicamente se observó periarteritis linfoplasmocítica en corazón, bazo, intestino, hígado, riñón, músculo esquelético, pulmón y meninges. También se observó miocarditis y miositis linfoplasmocítica con degeneración de fibras musculares esqueléticas. La apariencia macroscópica de lordosis se relacionó con infiltrado celular inflamatorio multiorgánico. Se asoció a un problema de tipo genético de los animales afectados, aunque podría haber una posible implicación de circovirus porcino tipo 2 (PCV2) y el virus del síndrome reproductivo y respiratorio porcino (PRRS) en la patogenia del síndrome, debido a la seropositividad frente a los mismos detectada en la granja.
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    Proteome changes induced by a short, non-cytotoxic exposure to the mycoestrogen zearalenone in the pig intestine
    (Elsevier, 2020-07-30) Soler, Laura; Stella, Alexandre; Pallarés, Francisco José; Lahjouji, Tarek; Burlet Schiltz, Odile; Oswald, Isabelle P.; Seva Alcaraz, Juan; Anatomía y Anatomía Patológica Comparadas
    Intestinal epithelial homeostasis is regulated by a complex network of signaling pathways. Among them is estrogen signaling, important for the proliferation and differentiation of epithelial cells, immune signaling and metabolism. The mycotoxin zearalenone (ZEN) is an estrogen disruptor naturally found in food and feed. The exposure of the intestine to ZEN has toxic effects including alteration of the immune status and is possibly implicated in carcinogenesis, but the molecular mechanisms linked with these effects are not clear. Our objective was to explore the proteome changes induced by a short, non-cytotoxic exposure to ZEN in the intestine using pig jejunal explants. Our results indicated that ZEN promotes little proteome changes, but significantly related with an induction of ERα signaling and a consequent disruption of highly interrelated signaling cascades, such as NF-κB, ERK1/2, CDX2 and HIF1α. The toxicity of ZEN leads also to an altered immune status characterized by the activation of the chemokine CXCR4/SDF-1 axis and an accumulation of MHC-I proteins. Our results connect the estrogen disrupting activity of ZEN with its intestinal toxic effect, associating the exposure to ZEN with cell-signaling disorders similar to those involved in the onset and progression of diseases such as cancer and chronic inflammatory disorders.
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    Morphometric study of the umbilical cord in in-vitro-derived pigs
    (Springer, 2022-09-15) Álvarez Martín, Úrsula; Coy, Pilar; Romar Andrés, Raquel; Párraga Ros, Ester; Seva Alcaraz, Juan; Fisiología
    The umbilical cord is the vital fetus-placenta connection and represents one of the greatest sources of precursor cells. Histologically it is a single amniotic epithelium that encloses a mucoid connective tissue, and a vein and two arteries lacking tunica adventitia. Instead, there is a special mucoid connective tissue named Wharton’s Jelly (WJ) that is divided into a perivascular and an intermediate zone, the first being the most abundant in mesenchymal stromal cells. Morphological charac-teristics of the umbilical cord and its components have been related to fetal malformations, preterm birth and low birth weight. The objective of this study was to compare the WJ and the vascular area in the umbili-cal cord of pigs born from in-vitro- and in-vivo-produced embryos (the latter born by artificial insemination of sows; AI group). In-vitro embryos (IVP) were produced after insemination in-vitro of matured oocytes and further in-vitro culture up to blastocyst stage in media sup-plemented with (RF-IVP group) or without (C-IVP group) reproductive fluids (1% porcine oviductal fluid and 1% uterine fluid). Blastocysts produced were surgically transferred at day 7 post-in-vitro fertiliza-tion. After birth, umbilical cord samples of 15 animals (5 per group) were collected and productive parameters recorded. Samples were fixed (10% buffered formaldehyde solution) and paraffin-embedded. Complete sections of 5 μm thickness were stained (hematoxylin-eosin) and digitized with a Histech MIDI II 3D scanner at 0.172 pixels/μm. The virtual microscope SlideViewer 2.5 3D Histech was used for the digital analysis of the total umbilical area, the thickness of both WJ’s zones, and each vessel’s area. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA (SPSS Statistics 28) and the differences were compared by Tukey’s test (P<0.05). The thickness of the WJ-perivascular zone was significantly higher in the C-IVP group (AI: 572,4 ± 39,3 μm; C-IVP: 662,2 ± 42,3 μm; RF-IVP: 501,1 ± 35,7 μm), and was significantly correlated with piglet birth weight, placental weight and placental efficiency (Pear-son <0.05). No significant differences in the WJ-intermediate zone thickness, vascular and total umbilical areas were found. These results might be related to the subsequent development of pathophysiological changes in IVP animals during their growth.
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