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Rodríguez Pasquín, Myriam

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Rodríguez Pasquín, Myriam
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Universidad de Murcia. Departamento de Economía Aplicada
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    Exclusión digital: aproximación al perfil social de las personas en riesgo
    (Universidad de Alicante, 2026-01-28) García Luque, Olga; López Martínez, María; Rodríguez Pasquín, Myriam; Economía Aplicada; Facultad de Economía y Empresa
    In highly developed societies, despite almost universal Internet connectivity, multiple barriers still hinder access to, use of, or benefit from Information and Communication Technologies (ICT). Among the policy guidelines driving digital transformation in the European Union, a key objective is to ensure that no one is left behind or excluded from the digital society. Acquiring digital skills is therefore considered a strategic priority, as outlined in the Digital Decade targets for 2030. This study quantifies the risk of digital exclusion among the adult population in Spain, focusing on individuals aged 16 to 74 who have either not used the Internet in the past three months or lack the necessary digital literacy to use it. Specifically, it identifies those who do not reach the basic level of digital skills, as measured by the Digital Skills Indicator 2.0 (DSI 2.0). Using data from the 2023 microdata file of the Survey on ICT Equipment and Use in Households, conducted by the Spanish National Statistics Institute, the study analyzes the incidence of digital exclusion based on various demographic and socioeconomic characteristics, adopting an intersectional approach. A binomial logistic regression model is also used to identify the main risk and protective factors influencing the likelihood of digital exclusion. The findings show that digital exclusion affects 33.8% of the population in Spain and 44.4% in the EU. Low levels of education and income are among the most significant risk factors, increasing the probability of digital exclusion. The risk also rises with age and decreases with higher professional qualifications and greater urbanisation of the residential area. In conclusion, this study not only examines socio-economic and demographic characteristics in isolation but also explores their intersections, as far as the available data allows. Given the complex, multifactorial, and multidimensional nature of digital exclusion, accurately identifying the socio-economic traits of the most vulnerable populations is essential for designing effective corrective and preventive measures. Achieving meaningful progress in digital inclusion requires that the entire population -and especially disadvantaged groups- attain at least a basic level of digital competence. In Spain, potential measures include improving technological infrastructure for low-income families, particularly in rural and remote areas, and promoting digital literacy programs to equip high-risk groups with both basic and advanced digital skills.
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