Semitiel-García, María

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Semitiel-García, María

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Semitiel-García, María

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Universidad de Murcia. Departamento de Economía Aplicada

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Open Access
The Embeddedness of the Agro-Food System in the Spanish Interindustrial Structure
(SAGE Publications, 2011-01-06) Noguera-Méndez, Pedro; Semitiel-García, María; Economía Aplicada
The agro-food system (AFS) is an integrating component of the networks behind interindustrial systems. This implies that the structure of AFSs affects and is affected by the characteristics and evolution of the more complex networks in which they are embedded. This article uses national and regional input—output data to analyze the network structure of the Spanish interindustry system for the period 1980— 2000. Network theory (NT) and social network analysis (SNA) have been applied to examine the structural position and evolution of the AFS in the whole interindustrial system. Following a systemic view, it is stated that the Spanish interindustry network follows a hierarchical topology, in which a core and a periphery can be identified. The AFS is a cohesive module occupying a peripheral position in the interindustrial structure. Those findings are very relevant from a policy perspective, as it is essential to have a deep knowledge of the structure of a system before acting on it. According to the dynamics of the analyzed national and regional AFSs, actions would imply coordination with policies focused on core sectors, mainly business services, trade and hotels and restaurants, and on sectors belonging to other production systems.
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The position of agriculture from a structural and relational perspective
(2007) Noguera-Méndez, Pedro; Semitiel-García, María; Economía Aplicada
Thc agricultural economis perspertive emphasizes two aspects as characterising economic development. On one side there is the sector's decline, owing to its loss of ernployment and of relative output. On the ther side there is the sector's evolution, from a position showig poor links with other sectors (self-sufficiency), proper of lcss developed agricultures to positions irnplying its increasing integration and interdependence with industrial and service activities. When Davis ( 1956) and Davis and Goldberg 1957) introduced the concepl of Agribusiness they alreacly remarked the relevance of those mentioned relationships. However it is still necessary to offer sati factory explanations from alternative perspectives to the role of certain activities on systems and to the dynamics of economic structures. This paper offers an atiempt to examine the role of agriculture on certain economic structures, by applying the concepts and too Is of Social Network Analysis (SNA). In that form, the structural position of agriculture in three Spanish regions, is analysed fom a relational methoclological perspective considering also thc changes expericncecl by the studied sector in the 1980-1995 period. Different concepts of SNA have been applicd in ordel' to do so ( entrality Blockmodelling, eater Periphery tructure ancl the results have been interpreted and cornpared Lo th deduced from the application of traditional fnput Output indicators (Streit, Rasmus en). The analysis, focused on lhe agriculture sector, is developed by considcring the role and the relacional dynamism of agriculture on the agro-food system ancl als on the whole economi system.
Open Access
Incentives for good governance: getting the balance right for Port-Cros National Park (Mediterranean Sea, France)
(Ministere de l'Environnement, de lEnergie et de la Mer, 2016) Hogg, Katie; Markantonatou, Vasiliki; Noguera-Méndez, Pedro; Semitiel-García, María; Economía Aplicada
This paper provides preliminary findings from an examination of the nature of the management effectivness and governance structure underpinning the Port-Cros National Park (PCNP), created in 1963, then restricted to the Port-Cros Archipelago, and the newly created Port-Cros National Park (N-PCNP), (whose implementation process extended from 2012-2016) the surface area of which will be multiplied 64-fold to 75-fold. The analysis that follows was restricted to the marine parts of PCNP and N-PCNP. The MPAG governance analysis framework was applied through semi-structured interviews with park managers, staff and relevant experts. Through this systematic analysis the role and interaction between incentives are better understood. The PCNP, created primarily from the top-down with elements of a bottom-up approach, resulted, in the course of its more than 50-year history, in a successful positive balance between natural heritage preservation and sustainable development, such as the artisanal fishery. Public acceptance has been addressed through increased use of participative incentives, brought about by a reform of French National Parks in 2006 and the creation of the N-PNPC in 2012-2016. Although the current governance approach and management is effective, and not all cross cutting issues and challenges are sufficiently addressed, the French 2006 approach of national parks and the 2012-2016 bottom-up process of negotiating the N-PCNP charter is unique and is considered by those involved as a model for Mediterranean Marine Protected Areas (MPAs). It is recommended that increased participative and interpretative incentives be utilised to generate greater community stewardship.
Open Access
Lessons from three north-western Mediterranean MPAs: A governance analysis of Port-Cros National Park, Tavolara Punta-Coda Cavallo and Ustica
(Elsevier, 2021-05) Hogg, Katie; Noguera-Méndez, Pedro; Semitiel-García, María; Economía Aplicada
This paper examines the governance of Port-Cros National Park (PCNP), Tavolara Punto-Coda Cavallo Marine Protected Area (TPCCMPA) and Ustica Island Marine Protected Area (UIMPA), all north-western Mediterranean. The governance approach adopted in PCNP is predominately state-led with increased decentralisation and participation, whilst in TPCCMPA and UIMPA the management responsibility is shared between national and local governments. The use of legal and knowledge incentives has predominated governance of PCNP. Public acceptance has been boosted through increased use of participative incentives, brought about by a reform of French National Parks in 2006 and the creation of the new PCNP between 2012 and 2016. In TPCCMPA and UIMPA both legal and economic incentives are the key mechanisms through which the MPAs are managed and conflicts addressed. In TPCCMPA and UIMPA, where the MPA management authority are faced with a lack of enforcement capacity, greater attention should be given to participative and interpretive incentives to boost stewardship and compliance. The authors conclude that the current governance approaches are effective but do not address all challenges and cross-cutting issues faced. Strengthened political will and leadership from all levels of government is required to improve governance towards more effective and equitable outcomes for all three MPAs, along with increased use of participative and interpretative incentives to generate an increased sense of community stewardship.
Open Access
Interpretations of MPA winners and losers: a case study of the Cabo De Palos- Islas Hormigas fisheries reserve
(Springer Nature, 2019-06-01) Hogg, Katie; Gray, Tim; Noguera-Méndez, Pedro; Young, Sarah; Semitiel-García, María; Economía Aplicada
There is a controversy in the literature on marine protected areas (MPAs) over the way their outcomes are portrayed in terms of winners and losers. On the one hand, many analysts have portrayed MPAs as win-win solutions, resulting in both increased biodiversity and improved livelihoods. On the other hand, some analysts have argued that win-win outcomes are mythical, and in practice, MPAs invariably result in trade-offs between ecological and economic objectives. This study seeks to test which of these two hypotheses fits the Cabo de Palos Islas-Hormigas marine protected area (CPH-MPA) in southeast Spain. However, it does so not by analysing directly the tension between the two objectives of ecological and economic goals, but by analysing the tensions between four groups of stakeholders – fishers, divers, community residents, and administrators – which map on to the tension between the two goals. The study is based on 111 interviews of key informants conducted in 2013-2014 to discover the perceptions of stakeholders on the issue of who are the winners and who are the losers as a result of the MPA. The main findings of this study on the CPH-MPA are that winning and losing are very complex and ambiguous categories; that there is no objective way of determining who are winners or losers; that the situation of winners and losers is due to human intervention rather than a natural and inevitable process; that win-win outcomes are implausible because trade-offs between wins and losses are inevitable; and that political authorities have to decide who will be the winners and who will be the losers.
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Regional productive systems from a network analysis perspective
(University of Ljubljana, 2004-05-14) Noguera-Méndez, Pedro; Semitiel-García, María; Economía Aplicada
This paper discuss a methodology to analyse industrial relationships based on social networkanalysis and on the concepts of embeddedness (Granovetter, 1973), productive system (Wilkin-son, 1985) and social capital. Once the perspective is discussed it is applied to study industrialrelationships in the Basque Country (Spain).The application of the social network analysis to economic research is at the moment at its initialstages, although it has been widely applied in sociology and psychology. The dominance of theneoclassical mainstream paradigm in economics, based on principles and developing theoriesthat do not consider as relevant the social and relational character of agents and systems, isamong the main reasons. However, all the perspectives, even the neoclassical, assume thateconomics is a social science.In this paper relationships are the focus of the analysis and they are considered for a particularproductive system, geographically and historically specified. The concept of productive systemis understood by considering mercantile and non-mercantile relationships among the firms con-stituting a particular industrial sector. Moreover, relationships are linking firms, and economicsectors at a more macro level, with other types of institutions such as technology parks, re-search institutes and universities. At the same time, informal relationships among actors shouldalso be included, together with the formal links, to analyse a complete productive system. Thewhole relational structure is analysed considering its context, and therefore allowing for the consideration of geographical, historical and social peculiarities, that are necessary for a betterunderstanding of its characteristics.
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El sistema productivo pesquero del Pacífico Norte (México): capital social y desarrollo endógeno
(Ediciones de la Universidad de Murcia. Editum, 2011) Semitiel-García, María; Noguera Méndez, Pedro; Economía Aplicada
La región del Pacífico Norte es un área singular localizada en la costa de la Reserva de la Biosfera de El Vizcaíno, Baja California Sur, México. Su principal actividad generadora de rentas y de empleo es la pesca, que se organiza en cooperativas que tienen concesiones de explotación de zonas delimitadas en régimen de exclusividad. En este trabajo se realiza un estudio del sistema productivo pesquero del Pacífico Norte, desde una perspectiva estructural con dos objetivos principales: analizar el Capital Social y la confianza en las cooperativas y en el sistema productivo, y ofrecer algunas estrategias, ligadas a la explotación del Capital Social y de los recursos propios, para mejorar la posición competitiva del sistema y el desarrollo de la región.
Embargo
Las causas de la pobreza de las regiones desde la perspectiva agraria
(Editum, 2008) Noguera-Méndez, Pedro; Semitiel-García, María; Economía Aplicada
La generación de un desarrollo endógeno en los países más pobres, a partir de la modernización y avance de su sector más importante, la agricultura, se sitúa en el presente en un contexto muy diferente al que se enfrentaron en el pasado los países desarrollados. La relevancia de esta cuestión desde la perspectiva del desarrollo económico se deriva, principalmente, de la trascendencia que las actividades agrarias siguen manteniendo en los países atrasados, sobre todo en términos de empleo. Mientras que la corriente dominante de la economía ha puesto el énfasis en los factores que pueden promover los procesos de convergencia, en este trabajo se examinan distintos mecanismos de empobrecimiento de las agriculturas de los países más atrasados. Además, en contraste con la visión tradicional de las funciones de la agricultura en el crecimiento económico, se analiza su importante papel en el desarrollo desde una perspectiva fundamentalmente microeconómica.
Open Access
Una aproximación teórica al fenómeno migratorio
(Universitat de les Illes Balears, 1994) García Sánchez, Antonio; Semitiel-García, María; Economía Aplicada
Open Access
The role of social learning in fostering farmers' pro-environmental values and intentions
(Elsevier, 2016-08) Noguera-Méndez, Pedro; Molera, Lourdes; Semitiel-García, María; Economía Aplicada
In interventions to achieve sustainability, social learning plays a prominent and growing role as a framework strategy in changing behaviors and intentions. Many interventions have been designed to achieve better performances in natural resource management, but the literature studying the effects on values and intentions is scarce. This paper studies the effects of the Local Agrarian Innovative Programme, which aims to promote sustainability, in two regions of Cuba. It is a long-term, on-going intervention in which learning, cooperation and social interactions play key roles. In this paper, outcomes and actions are considered a first category of learning (single loop learning), and subjective perceptions and intentions imply a superior category of learning (double loop learning). The data, mainly based on primary information collected from a representative sample, are analyzed in terms of differences in values and intentions, and reveal noticeable inter-regional diversity, while intervention duration appears as a decisive variable. From a policy point of view, this research calls into question the efficacy of short-term awareness projects and proposes the integration of social learning programmes when designing pro-environmental interventions.