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Bastida Rodríguez, Josefa

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Bastida Rodríguez, Josefa
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Universidad de Murcia. Departamento de Ingeniería Química
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Subject: Lipase ×

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    Optimized enzymatic synthesis of the food additive polyglycerol polyricinoleate (PGPR) using Novozym® 435 in a solvent free system
    (Elsevier, 2014-01-21) Ortega Requena, Salvadora; Bódalo-Santoyo, A.; Bastida Rodríguez, Josefa; Máximo, María Fuensanta; Montiel Morte, María Claudia; Gómez Gómez, María; Ingeniería Química; Facultad de Química
    Polyglycerol polyricinoleate (PGPR) is used as an emulsifier in the food industry, especially in chocolate coatings and chocolate bars. PGPR improves the characteristics of molten chocolate by reducing yield stress, facilitating the coating of confectionery pieces, while limiting the amount of cocoa butter involved. The enzymatic synthesis of PGPR catalyzed by lipases presents several advantages over chemical synthesis, including enzyme specificity and the mild conditions needed, thereby avoiding undesirable side-reactions and by-products. A novel process to synthesize PGPR using a biocatalyst, Novozym® 435, is presented. Novozym® 435 is appropriate for catalyzing both the reactions involved in this process. A PGPR fulfilling European specifications for this food additive as well as recommendations set out in the Food Chemical Codex, was obtained using a discontinuous vacuum reactor with a dry nitrogen flow. In addition, the biocatalyst reuse would decrease costs. Moreover, it was confirmed that the ability to obtain PGPR in a one-step reaction significantly shortens the time required.
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    Understanding the enzymatic synthesis of a new biolubricant: decane-1,10-diyl bis(2-methylpentanoate)
    (MDPI, 2024-12-26) Ortega Requena, Salvadora; Máximo, María Fuensanta; Montiel Morte, María Claudia; Gómez Gómez, María; Murcia Almagro, María Dolores; Bastida Rodríguez, Josefa; Ingeniería Química; Facultades de la UMU::Facultad de Química
    The value of branched esters comes from the special properties they have in cold environments, which allow them to remain liquid over a wide range of temperatures. These properties make them useful for application in the cosmetic industry or as lubricant additives. This paper presents the studies carried out to ascertain the operational feasibility of the enzymatic esterification of 2-methylpentanoic acid (MPA) with 1,10-decanediol (DD), with the objective of obtaining a novel molecule: decane-1,10-diyl bis(2-methylpentanoate) (DDBMP). The enzymatic reaction is conducted in a thermostated batch reactor, utilizing the commercially available immobilized lipase Lipozyme® 435 in a solvent-free medium. The reaction conversion is determined by an acid number determination and a gas chromatographic analysis. The most optimal result is achieved at a temperature of 80 °C, a biocatalyst concentration of 2.5% (w/w), and a non-stoichiometric substrate relation. A preliminary economic study and the calculation of Green Metrics has established that the operation with a 30% molar excess of acid is the best option to obtain a product with 92.6% purity at a lower cost than the other options and in accordance with the 12 Principles of Green Chemistry. The synthetized diester has a viscosity index of 210, indicating that this new molecule can be used as a biolubricant at extreme temperatures.
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    A review of guerbet alcohols and their esters: synthesis, applications, and future perspectives
    (MDPI, 2025-11-14) Montiel Morte, María Claudia; Ortega Requena, Salvadora; Gómez Gómez, María; Murcia Almagro, María Dolores; Máximo, María Fuensanta; Bastida Rodríguez, Josefa; Ingeniería Química; Facultad de Química
    Guerbet alcohol esters are compounds with specific properties that make them particularly suitable for use as cosmetic ingredients, plasticizers, or biolubricants. Guerbet alcohols are used for their synthesis. These are primary alcohols with beta branching and a lower melting point than their linear counterparts. Due to the branching, the products are liquid at lower temperatures, have good volatility, and exhibit better color and oxidation stability. This paper presents a systematic literature review on the synthesis and applications of Guerbet alcohol esters. Finally, emphasis is placed on the future of these synthesis processes, which could be based on the use of biocatalysts, thus promoting the application of new environmentally friendly procedures.
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    Guerbet alcohols, ideal substrates for the sustainable production of branched esters
    (MDPI, 2025-11-11) Montiel Morte, María Claudia; Máximo, María Fuensanta; Gómez Gómez, María; Murcia Almagro, María Dolores; Ortega Requena, Salvadora; Bastida Rodríguez, Josefa; Ingeniería Química; Facultad de Química
    Saturated and branched high molecular weight organic esters are highly valued as emollients in the cosmetic industry due to their superior properties. Their saturated character provides resistance to oxidation and rancidity. Additionally, their branched structure endows them with low melting temperatures, enabling them to remain liquid over a broad temperature range. These esters can be obtained from branched alcohols, branched fatty acids or both, using chemical or enzymatic processes. Among branched alcohols, Guerbet alcohols stand out. Due to their characteristic properties as branched, saturated alcohols with superior oxidative stability and extremely low volatility, they are proposed as excellent substrates for the enzymatic synthesis of these compounds. This study represents the first investigation into the biocatalytic synthesis of three specific esters: those formed between 2-octyl-1-dodecanol (C20 Guerbet alcohol) and the fatty acids myristic (MA), palmitic (PA), and stearic acid (SA). To achieve this, an environmentally sustainable biocatalytic process was developed. The synthesis involves a solvent-free esterification catalyzed by the commercial immobilized lipase, Lipozyme® 435, conducted within a vertically stirred, thermostated batch tank reactor. Optimal conditions for lipase concentration and temperature were established, and the sustainability of the process was successfully quantified using various “green metrics”.
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