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López Nicolás, Rubén

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López Nicolás, Rubén
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Universidad de Murcia. Departamento de Tecnología de los Alimentos,Nutrición y Bromatología
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Subject: Ferritin ×

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    Comparison of bioavailability and transporters gene expression of four iron fortificants added to infant cereals
    (Elsevier, 2022-09-08) Caballero Valcárcel, Ana M.; López Nicolás, Rubén; Frontela Saseta, María del Carmen; Martínez Gracia, Carmen; Santaella-Pascual, Marina; González Bermúdez, Carlos Alberto; Tecnología de Alimentos, Nutrición y Bromatología
    Iron deficiency is one of the most important nutritional disorders around the world. To reduce this health problem in infants, most countries have developed different iron fortification programs as a long-term strategy. However, it is necessary to select the best iron source to get the highest bioavailability with the lowest impact on the organoleptic properties of the foods. The aim of this research was to assess the in vitro bioavailability and intestinal cellular transport of four iron sources (electrolytic iron: EI, ferrous fumarate: FF, a micronized and dispersible ferric pyrophosphate: MDFP, and ferrous sulphate heptahydrated: FSH) used to fortify infant cereals. Fortified cereals were in vitro digested and soluble fractions were then incubated in Caco-2 cells to study iron retention, transport and uptake. Moreover, mRNA expression of iron transporters and ferritin formation were also measured in cells incubated with the iron standard salts. Iron solubility, uptake percentage, transport and uptake efficiencies by the Caco-2 cells were significantly higher in cereals fortified with FSH than with EI, obtaining intermediate values for the other two iron fortificants. MDFP induced higher expression of iron transporters Zip-14 and HEPH than other iron sources. FSH promoted the highest iron storage protein ferritin, followed by FF and MDFP, while EI presented the lowest in vitro bioavailability due to its low solubility. This work demonstrated that iron absorption, storage, and gene expression of transporters depend on the source of iron. These are important challenges to be taken into consideration when assessing the potential of iron fortificants.
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    Supplementation of infant formulaswith recombinant human lactoferrin and/or galactooligosaccharides increases iron bioaccessibility as measured by ferritin formed in Caco-2 cell model
    (Elsevier, 2016-08-24) Aly, Esmat; Darwish, Aliaa Ali; López Nicolás, Rubén; Frontela Saseta, María del Carmen; Ros Berruezo, Gaspar; Tecnología de Alimentos, Nutrición y Bromatología
    Recently, lactoferrin (Lf), a glycoprotein belonging to transferrin family, has received more attention for the discovery of its wide spectrum of functionalities. Among its important functionalities is its ability to bind Fe and its high stability against in vitro digestion. Galactooligosaccharides (GOS) also has functionality related to Fe bioaccessibility and it also positively affect Lf stability. This study aimed to evaluate the functionality of recombinant human Lf (rhLf) and GOS as factors that improve iron bioaccessibility in human milk. In this study, rhLf and GOS were added to First Infant Formula (FIF) in three concentrations (0.10, 0.15 and 0.20 and 3.3, 5 and 10 g 100 mL−1 of the reconstituted formula, respectively), whether alone or in combination. In vitro digestion model was applied to different infant formulas to evaluate Fe solubility and the obtained digests were added to Caco-2 cell line to determine Fe bioaccessibility through themeasurement of synthesized ferritin. The obtained results revealed that supplementation of formulas with rhLf and GOS enhanced Fe solubility to 66–97% which turns in an improvement of Fe bioaccessibility. Caco-2 cell ferritin content ranged from6 to 46 ng per mgcell protein with 5–7.5 fold increases in cells incubated with digested samples containing both rhLF and GOS. Although mineral solubility is the most important factor, which affects on Fe bioaccessibility, other factorsmay also interfere with it, such as the expression of divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1). The findings also revealed that rhLf is a highly stable protein, especially in the presence of GOS and more researches are needed to clarify this hidden effect of GOS. Thus, rhLf and GOS together are prominent components of human milk could improve Fe bioaccessibility and it is noteworthy that these findingmust be taken into account during infant formula evolution to prevent some disease related to Fe deficiency.
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