Peñalver García, José

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Peñalver García, José

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Peñalver García, José

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Universidad de Murcia. Departamento de Ciencias Sociosanitarias

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Richness and diversity of helminth species in eels from a hypersaline coastal lagoon, Mar Menor, south-east Spain
(Cambridge University Press, 2014-03-31) Mayo-Hernández, E.; Serrano, E.; Muñoz, P.; Ruiz de Ybañez, R.; García Ayala, Alfonsa; Peñalver García, José; Sanidad Animal
The composition and diversity of parasite communities and intestinal components, as well as infra-community structure, were assessed in eels Anguilla anguilla, from Mar Menor, a permanent Mediterranean hypersaline coastal lagoon. Data were used to determine whether this helminth community differs in composition and structure from that of eels in lagoons with lower salinity regimes and higher freshwater inputs. A total prevalence of 93% was detected. Specifically, parasites were identified as Deropristis inflata, Bucephalus anguillae, Contracaecum sp.,Anguillicoloides crassus and two plerocercoid larvae belonging to the order Proteocephalidae, the marine species representing 91% of the isolated helminths. In the total community, digenetic trematodes were the dominant group of helminths, and D. inflata, an eel specialist, dominated both the component community and the infra-community. Richness and diversity were low but similar to those reported in other saline lagoons, and maximum species per eel did not exceed four. At the infra-community level, higher abundance than in other brackish or marine Mediterranean environments was detected. The findings provide further evidence of the similarity in composition and structure of helminth communities in eels from various Mediterranean coastal lagoons. Moreover, salinity -dependent specificities are well supported and reflect the life history of individual eels.
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Trace metals in striped dolphins (Stenella coeruleoalba) stranded along the Murcia coastline, Mediterranean Sea, during the period 2009-2015.
(Elsevier, 2019-08) Escriña, A.; Lara, L.; Gens, M.J.; María Dolores, Emilio; Alcaraz, A.; García Fernández, Antonio Juan; Martínez López, Emma; Peñalver García, José; Ciencias Sociosanitarias
Mercury (Hg), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), selenium (Se) and arsenic (As) concentrations in internal tissues of 72 striped dolphins (Stenella coeruleoalba) from Murcia Region (Mediterranean coastline) have been investigated for the first time. Hg showed the highest concentration, followed by Se, Cd, As and Pb. In general, the levels of metal found in this study were similar to those described in similar studies in the Mediterranean Sea. However, in some adult specimens, Hg liver concentrations were related with toxic effects in cetacean. A significant correlation was observed with age, likewise between Se and Hg and Cd in tissues, which agree with detoxify effect attributed to Se through inert complex formation. Molar ratio Hg:Se in liver was close to 1:1 in some specimens, which would indicate overload of the Hg-Se detoxify function and compromised health. These results could contribute to a better knowledge of the distribution of these persistent pollutants in the Mediterranean Sea
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Blood fluke infection of cage reared Atlantic bluefin tuna Thunnus thynnus in west Mediterranean
(The Japanase Society of Fish Pathology, 2011) Ruiz de Ybáñez Carnero, María del Rocío; Martínez Carrasco-Pleite, Carlos; del Río, Laura; María Dolores, Emilio; Berriatua, Eduardo; Muñoz, Pilar; Peñalver García, José; Sanidad Animal
Infection of a blood fluke, possibly Cardicola sp. (Digenea: Aporocotylidae), in reared Atlantic bluefin tuna Thunnus thynnus was investigated. Parasitological analyses included visual examination of the heart for the presence of adult fluke and stereomicroscopic and histopathological analyses of the gill to assess the presence of lesions caused by parasite eggs. No adult flukes were found in the hearts. Some of the gills exhibited small white to yellow foci involving single filaments. Blood fluke eggs were found in gill tissue sections of 29.6% of sampled tuna. A slight inflammatory response was observed around most of these eggs, while occasionally individual eggs were encapsulated by a granulomatous reaction. Despite the absence of remarkable pathological effects in the infected tuna, blood flukes combined with other agents may cause major problem.
Open Access
Human health risk assessment on lead in game sausages from the central and southern Iberian Peninsula
(2025-06-16) Valverde, Irene; García Fernández, Antonio Juan; Jiménez Montalbán, Pedro Javier; María Mójica, Pedro; Navas Ruiz, Isabel Maria; Peñalver García, José; Ciencias Sociosanitarias; Facultad de Veterinaria
El estudio nace de un contrato suscrito entre WWF-España y la UMU, titulado “Estudio de impregnación de plomo en embutidos de especies cinegéticas”. Se han realizado análisis de plomo en productos cárnicos de especies de caza mayor para valorar el riesgo sobre la salud humana de consumidores medios y extremos.
Open Access
Prevalence of Anguillicoloides crassus (Nematoda, Dracunculoidea) in wild European eels (Anguilla anguilla L.) from Mar Menor lagoon (Western Mediterranean, Spain)
(École Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse, 2011) Martínez Carrasco-Pleite, Carlos; Ruiz de Ybáñez Carnero, María del Rocío; Mayo-Hernández, Elvira; Muñoz, Pilar; García Ayala, Alfonsa; Peñalver García, José; Sanidad Animal
Anguillicoloides crassus infection in wild European eels (Anguilla anguilla) from Mar Menor, a hypersaline coastal lagoon situated on the shores of theM editerranean in south-east Spain, was evaluated. As well, an artificial digestion is described for the detection, isolation and counting of larval stages in the swimbladder wall. A total of 109 eels were collected between November 2008 and March 2009 and adult worms were recovered from the swimbladders of infected eels. The detected prevalence was 7.34%. Second-stage larvae (L2) numbers ranged from one to thousands per swimbladder. This developmental stage was the most prevalent parasite tsage detected in infected eels. L2 were even found in eels harbouring neither pre-adult nor adult nematodes, which could indicate that infected eels are chronically infected. The lack of a suitable intermediate host for this nematode or the recent introduction of A. crassus into this environment could be the causes of the low prevalence of this parasite in eels from Mar Menor lagoon.
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Molecular and morphological identification of Cardicola (Trematoda: Aporocotylidae) eggs in hatchery-reared and migratory Atlantic bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus L.)
(Elsevier, 2015-07-03) Forte-Gil, Débora; Holzer, Astrid S.; Pecková, Hana; Bartošová-Sojková, Pavla; Dolores, Emilio Ma.; Muñoz, Pilar; Peñalver García, José; Sanidad Animal
A microscopic and a molecular approach was used to investigate blood fluke infection in the very first specimens of Atlantic bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus, Scombridae) that were born in captivity and that were never moved from their specific cage culture sites in the Mediterranean. Data were compared with infection in wild, migratory bluefin tuna which were captured and fattened along the Spanish Mediterranean coast. Wild and cultured pop ulations sampled in the present study harbored the same Cardicola spp. richness and showed statistically insig nificant differences in overall parasite prevalence. Three morphotypes, crescent-shaped, fusiform and oval eggs, were observed in both non-migrant and migrant tuna. According to partial ITS2 and 28S rDNA sequences they belong to Cardicola opisthorchis, Cardicola forsteri, and to Cardicola sp., a recently described species, phyloge netically closely related to Cardicola orientalis. All three species were simultaneously present in some specimens. No significant difference in overall parasite prevalence was observed, though the prevalence of eggs of individual species, i.e. C. opisthorchis and C. forsteri, was significantly higher in fattened bluefin tuna. Our results strongly support a Mediterranean origin of the three Cardicola species encountered in cultured specimens and suggest that the intermediate hosts of these Cardicola species occur along the Mediterranean coast. Thus, infection with these parasites is not exclusively a result of infections happening along the migratory routes of wild bluefin tuna, in the Atlantic Ocean, as previously suggested. Once transferred to the sea for fattening, Atlantic bluefin tuna are at risk of infection with up to three different species of the genus Cardicola in along the Mediterranean coast in southeast Spain. On the contrary, C. orientalis infections might be associated to long-distance migration and an overlapping Thunnus maccoyii and Thunnus orientalis distribution. Statement of relevance This is the very first parasitological study conducted in T. thynnus born in captivity and cultured local in the Mediterranean. The results show that once transferred to the sea for fattening, they are at risk of infection with up to three different species of the genus Cardicola. These results strongly imply a Mediterranean distribution of these species.
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Stranded cetaceans warn of high perfluoroalkyl substance pollution in the western Mediterranean Sea
(Elsevier, ) López Berenguer, Gabriel; Bossi, R.; Eulaers, I.; Dietz, R.; Schulz, R.; Zubrod, J.; Sonne, Christian; Martínez López, Emma; Peñalver García, José; Ciencias Sociosanitarias
Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are a class of organohalogenated compounds of environmental concern due to similar characteristics as the well-studied legacy persistent organic pollutants (POPs) that typically show environmental persistence, biomagnification and toxicity. Nevertheless, PFAS are still poorly regulated internationally and in many aspects poorly understood. Here, we studied liver and muscle concentrations in five cetacean species stranded at the southeastern coast of Spain during 2009 e2018. Twelve of the fifteen targeted compounds were detected in >50% of the liver samples. Hepatic concentrations were significantly higher than those in muscle reflecting the particular toxicokinetics of these compounds. Bottlenose dolphins Tursiops truncatus showed the highest hepatic SPFAS (n ¼ 5; 796.8 ± 709.0 ng g 1 ww) concentrations, followed by striped dolphin Stenella coeruleoalba (n ¼ 29; 259.5 ± 136.2 ng g 1 ww), sperm whale Physeter macrocephalus (n ¼ 1; 252.8 ng g 1 ww), short-beaked commondolphin Delphinus delphis (n ¼ 2; 240.3 ± 218.6 ng g 1 ww) and Risso’s dolphin Grampus griseus (n ¼ 1; 78.7 ng g 1 ww). These interspecies differences could be partially explained by habitat prefer ences, although they could generally not be related to trophic position or food chain proxied by stable N (d15N) and C (d13C) isotope values, respectively. PFAS profiles in all species showed a similar pattern of concentration prevalence in the order PFOS>PFOSA>PFNAzPFFUnA>PFDA. The higher number of samples available for striped dolphin allowed for evaluating their PFAS burden and profile in relation to the stranding year, stable isotope values, and biological variables including sex and length. However, we could only find links between d15N and PFAS burdens in muscle tissue, and between stranding year and PFAS profile composition. Despite reductions in the manufacturing industry, these compounds still appear in high concentrations compared to more than two decades ago in the Mediterranean Sea and PFOS remains the dominating compound.
Open Access
POPs concentrations in cetaceans stranded along the agricultural coastline of SE Spain show lower burdens of industrial pollutants in comparison to other Mediterranean cetaceans.
(Elsevier, 2023-02-01) López Berenguer, Gabriel; Acosta Dacal, A.; Luzardo, Octavio P.; Martínez López, Emma; Peñalver García, José; Ciencias Sociosanitarias
Despite the Mediterranean Sea being one of the world's marine biodiversity hotspots, it is a hotspot of various environmental pollutants. This sea holds eight cetacean with resident populations whose numbers are considered to decline in the last decades and which are particularly susceptible to POPs bioaccumulation due to their peculiar characteristics. In this work, we studied blubber concentration of various OCPs and several PCBs and PBDEs congeners in cetaceans stranded in the northern coast of the Gulf of Vera (Region of Murcia, SE Spain) between 2011 and 2018. Most compounds and congeners were above the limit of detection in most samples, although some pesticides like endosulfan stereoisomers or endrin were never detected. DDT and its metabolites, PCBs and metoxychlor appear as the dominant compounds while PBDEs shows concentrations of lower magnitude. Striped dolphin was the species accounting for higher concentrations of most pollutants. There were differences in concentrations and profiles between species which could be partially explained by differences on diet and feeding behavior. We also observed differences based on life history parameters suggesting maternal transfer for most POPs, in accordance with other works. DDE/ ΣDDT ratio suggest no recent exposure to these pesticides. Despite showing lower concentrations than some previous works, PCB concentrations accounted for higher total TEQ than many studies. According to toxicity thresholds in the literature, we cannot guarantee the absence of health consequences on populations studied, especially for those caused by PCBs. These findings are of major importance considering the relevance of the study area in the conservation of Mediterranean cetaceans.
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The European eel —the swim bladder– nematode system provides a new view of the invasion paradox
(Springer-Verlag, 2010-12-24) Martínez-Carrasco, Carlos; Serrano, Emmanuel; Ruiz de Ybáñez, Rocío; García, José Antonio; Morand, Sergé; Muñoz, Pilar; García Ayala, Alfonsa; Peñalver García, José; Sanidad Animal
It is widely assumed that the likelihood of invasion decreases with increased species richness in the recipient community. However, the invasion paradox supports a negative and a positive relationship between native biodiversity and the success of an invader. Here, we show that for a host –parasite system (Anguilla anguilla as host and Anguilli-coloides crassus as parasitic invader), invasion increases with native micro- and macroparasitic species richness. In fact, about 30% of the A. crassus intensity in eels could be explained by the number of both micro- and macroparasite species. This pattern could be due to the fact that A. crassus exploits a niche (the swim bladder) that is unoccupied by native parasite species and by the Th1/Th2 trade-off between native microparasites and the invader. We conclude that the host –parasite system resistance to invasion may depend on both niche availability and the Th1/Th2 trade-off. As well, we encourage researchers to incorporate native parasite richness as a risk factor in epidemiological models of A. crassus. .
Open Access
Assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in mediterranean top marine predators stranded in SE Spain
(Elsevier, 2023-09) López Berenguer, Gabriel; Acosta Dacal, A.; Luzardo, Octavio P.; Martínez López, Emma; Peñalver García, José; Ciencias Sociosanitarias
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are ubiquitous environmental pollutants. Although they are not bioaccumulated in vertebrates, chronic exposures might still derive on serious toxic effects. We studied concentrations of 16 reference PAHs on blubber of two dolphin species (striped dolphin, n = 34; and bottlenose dolphin, n = 8) and one marine turtle (loggerhead turtle, n = 23) from the Mediterranean waters of SE Spain, an important or potential breeding area for these and other related species. Σ16 PAHs concentrations were relatively similar between the three species, but they were in the lower range in comparison to worldwide data. Of the six PAHs detected, fluoranthene was the only high molecular weight (HMW) PAH, so low molecular weight (LMW) PAHs predominated. Naphthalene and phenanthrene were invariably those PAHs with higher detection rates as well as those with higher concentrations. In accordance with the literature, sex and length did not have significant influence on PAHs concentrations, probably due to high metabolization rates which prevent for observation of such patterns. Despite LMW PAHs are considered less toxic, we cannot dismiss toxic effects. This is the first work assessing PAHs concentrations in cetaceans and sea turtles from the SE Spain, which could serve as the baseline for future research.