Arcenillas Hernández, Irene

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Arcenillas Hernández, Irene

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Sanidad Animal

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Open Access
Influence of environmental factors on the occurrence of gastrointestinal and cardiopulmonary nematodes in the red fox in the semi-arid Mediterranean areas of the Iberian Peninsula.
(Elsevier, 2024-03-01) Ruiz de Ybáñez Carnero, María del Rocío; Tizzani, P.; Pérez Cutillas, Pedro; Martínez-Carrasco Pleite, Carlos; Arcenillas Hernández, Irene; Sanidad Animal; Facultad de Veterinaria
Open Access
Interaction between the red fox (Vulpes vulpes), helminths and environmental characteristics in semi-arid areas of southeastern Iberian Peninsula
(Universidad de Murcia, 2022-11-29) Arcenillas Hernández, Irene; Arcenillas Hernández, Irene; Martínez-Carrasco Pleite, Carlos; Ruiz de Ybáñez Carnero, María del Rocío; Escuela Internacional de Doctorado
En esta Tesis Doctoral se llevó a cabo el estudio de las comunidades de nematodos presentes en los sistemas cardiopulmonar, gastrointestinal y urinario del zorro rojo (Vulpes vulpes) en áreas semiáridas mediterráneas, concretamente en la Región de Murcia (SE de España). Dada la aridez característica de esta región, el estrés hídrico puede ser determinante en el acercamiento de las poblaciones de zorro hacia áreas antropizadas, generando mayores tasas de contacto en la interfaz silvestre-doméstico-humano. Por ello, se analizó la influencia de las variables bióticas y abióticas sobre la abundancia de estas comunidades de parásitos. En este sentido, la obtención de datos fiables de prevalencia e intensidad es esencial para este tipo de estudios epidemiológicos. Por ello, en el Capítulo 1 se evaluó la sensibilidad y exactitud del método de diagnóstico post-mortem de nematodos cardiopulmonares. A la metodología tradicional, consistente en la apertura del árbol traqueobronquial y la cavidad cardiaca, se añadieron dos pasos consecutivos: el estrujado y la digestión artificial del parénquima pulmonar. Los resultados obtenidos indican que este procedimiento es más sensible y exacto en el cálculo de la intensidad parasitaria que el método tradicional. Además, en el caso de especies de nematodos ubicadas en pequeños capilares o bronquiolos, el uso de la digestión artificial facilita la detección de zorros parasitados, disminuyendo la tasa de falsos negativos. En el Capítulo 2 se describieron las comunidades de nematodos del sistema cardiopulmonar y gastrointestinal de 167 zorros. La riqueza total fue de once especies de nematodos, siete gastrointestinales (Pterygodermatites affinis, Uncinaria stenocephala, Toxocara canis, Toxascaris leonina, Spirocerca vulpis, Oxynema crassispiculum y Trichuris vulpis) y cuatro cardiopulmonares (Angiostrongylus vasorum, Crenosoma vulpis, Eucoleus aerophilus y Metathelazia capsulata). Se evaluó la influencia de las variables bióticas y ambientales sobre la abundancia de A. vasorum, C. vulpis, U. stenocephala, T. canis y T. leonina, atendiendo a su importancia sanitaria para cánidos domésticos y, en algunos casos, por tratarse de zoonosis. Los resultados revelaron la importancia de la humedad y la temperatura en este tipo de ambientes, pues son los factores que más influyen en la supervivencia y desarrollo de las formas infectivas de vida libre de estos parásitos o de los hospedadores intermediarios o paraténicos necesarios para que estas especies completen su ciclo biológico. Además, las áreas forestales o agrícolas influyeron significativamente sobre la abundancia, pues permiten el mantenimiento de las condiciones de humedad y temperatura favorables. Por otro lado, la presencia de especies con potencial zoonósico en el área de estudio sugiere la importancia de contar con planes de vigilancia epidemiológica y control de patógenos, debido a la existencia de zonas compartidas entre cánidos silvestres y domésticos, pudiendo producirse la transmisión de estos parásitos en la interfaz silvestre-doméstico-humano. Del mismo modo, las variables ambientales fueron las que más significativamente influyeron en la abundancia de Pearsonema plica (Capítulo 3), nematodo detectado al analizar el sistema urinario (vejiga, riñones y uréteres) de los 167 zorros. A pesar de la aridez del área de estudio, el hallazgo de este nematodo evidencia que en estas zonas también existen lugares con condiciones de humedad adecuadas para el desarrollo del ciclo biológico del parásito. Finalmente, en el Capítulo 4 se realizó la descripción morfométrica y molecular del nematodo broncopulmonar M. capsulata, un espirúrido anteriormente descrito en bronquios y bronquiolos de otras especies de carnívoros. Es la primera vez que se describe en Europa esta especie en el zorro, siendo, además, el primer estudio donde se describen los marcadores moleculares de esta especie de nematodo. Esta información puede ser de gran utilidad para futuros estudios filogenéticos del género Metathelazia spp. o de la familia Pneumospiruridae.
Open Access
Comunicaciones Orales.-Cestodos del zorro rojo (Vulpes vulpes) en el Noroeste de la Península Ibérica
(2020-05-28) F. M. Macías, R. Ruiz de Ybáñez, A. M. López Beceiro, L. E. Fidalgo, P. Tizzani, F. J. Martínez Rondán, C. Martínez-Carrasco; Arcenillas Hernández, Irene; Facultades, Departamentos, Servicios y Escuelas::Departamentos de la UMU::Sanidad Animal
Open Access
Thelazia callipaeda en el zorro rojo de zonas mediterráneas semiáridas: ¿es un motivo de preocupación aunque la prevalencia sea baja?
(2023) Aleix Mata, Gael; Sánchez Baca, Antonio; Muñoz Hernández, Clara; Escribano Cánovas, Fernando; Ruiz de Ybáñez Carnero, María del Rocío; Huertas López, Ana; Martínez Carrasco-Pleite, Carlos; Gonzálvez Juan, Moisés; Arcenillas Hernández, Irene; Facultad de Veterinaria
Open Access
Seguimiento del control frente a parásitos gastrointestinales en perros vigilados de la provincia de Alicante
(2022) Ruiz de Ybáñez Carnero, M. Rocio; Iborra Ledesma, Cristina; Moreno del Val, G; Martínez Carrasco-Pleite, Carlos; Arcenillas Hernández, Irene; Facultad de Veterinaria
Embargo
Complete mitochondrial genome of Metathelazia capsulata (Pneumospiruridae) and comparison with other Spiruromorpha species
(Springer, 2023-12-04) Aleix-Mata, Gaël; Ruiz de Ybáñez Carnero, M. Rocio; Martínez Carrasco-Pleite, Carlos; Montiel, Eugenia; Sánchez, Antonio; Arcenillas Hernández, Irene; Sanidad Animal
Metathelazia capsulata (family Pneumospiruridae) is a lungworm parasitizing the bronchi and bronchioles, described in four species of wild carnivores. Very little molecular data are available on this nematode and none on other species of the Pneumospiruridae family. In this work, we describe for the first time the complete mitogenome (mitochondrial genome) of M. capsulata, being the first described of the family Pneumospiruridae. The mitogenome of M. capsulata has 13,659 bp in length, an A + T content of 79.2%. The mitogenome included 12 protein-coding genes (PCGs) (lacking the atp8 gene), 22 tRNA genes, 2 rRNA genes (all the genes are coded by the heavy strand), and an AT-rich region. The PCGs varied in size (232 bp-1645 bp). Only the tRNA-Trp has the standard cloverleaf secondary structure, while the other 21 do not. The AT-rich region, with a 90.5% A + T content and a length of 389 bp, is located between the cox3 and tRNA-Ala genes. Comparison with the mitogenomes of 29 species of Spiruromorpha infraorder, belonging to different families, demonstrates that M. capsulata mitogenome shared the common characteristics of most of them. The phylogeny constructions yielded phylogenies that were in agreement with the obtained previously by using sequences and gene order data of mitogenomes
Open Access
What is the sensitivity and exactness of post-mortem diagnostic method for cardiopulmonary nematodes in wild carnivores? towards the gold standard
(Springer Nature, 2023-03-15) Ruiz de Ybáñez Carnero, María del Rocío; Martínez-Carrasco Pleite, Carlos; Arcenillas Hernández, Irene; Sanidad Animal
Cardiopulmonary nematodes cause health and fitness disorders in wild and domestic carnivores. The red fox (Vulpes vulpes) participates in the spread of these shared parasites at the domestic-wildlife interface. This study aimed to evaluate the sensitivity of post-mortem diagnostic method for detecting lungworms in carnivores, and its exactness to estimate the parasite intensity of each nematode species. Cardiorespiratory system of fifty-one foxes were examined through three consecutively methodological steps: first, the tracheobronchial tree, pulmonary arteries and their branches were opened (OT); next, lung parenchyma was immersed in water and squeezed (WS); finally, the parenchyma was artificially digested in a pepsin and chlorhydric acid solution (AD). Eucoleus aerophilus, Angiostrongylus vasorum, Crenosoma vulpis and Metathelazia capsulata were identified. The number of recovered nematodes in each step were 454 (OT), 285 (WS) and 141 (AD). The use of OT and WS helped to improve parasite intensity results and decreased false negative cases. Accordingly, when OT and WS were used together, the sensitivity in the detection of parasitized foxes was 96.1%, while the exactness of parasite intensity was 84%. When AD was performed, although sensitivity does not rise, results were more exact, increasing the total number of detected parasites by 16%. Moreover, AD improved the sensitivity in the detection of A. vasorum and M. capsulata, as well as quantifying more exactly the parasite intensity (92.5% and 92.3% of exactness without AD, respectively). Our study provides valuable information that should be taken into account when planning epidemiological studies based on cardiopulmonary nematode detection in carnivores.
Open Access
Predictive factors for flea occurrence in red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) from semi-arid Mediterranean environments
(Wiley, 2022-09-20) Pérez, R.; Pérez Cutillas, Pedro; Muñoz Hernández, Clara; Ruiz de Ybáñez Carnero, María del Rocío; Escribano, F.; Martínez Carrasco-Pleite, Carlos; Gonzálvez Juan, Moisés; Arcenillas Hernández, Irene; Sanidad Animal
The role of red fox as host for a wide range of parasites, particularly fleas and other arthropods causing vector-borne diseases, in combination with its capability to adapt to anthropized environments, makes this wild canid an epidemiologically remarkable species at the wildlife–domestic–human interface, especially in the present time of rise of emerging and re-emerging diseases. This study evaluated the prevalence and parasite intensity of fleas in 88 foxes from Murcia Region (Southeastern Spain) and determined the geographic distribution of areas with the highest potential risk of flea presence. Pulex irritans, Ctenocephalides felis, Spilopsyllus cuniculi and Nosopsyllus fasciatus were identified. The overall prevalence was 76.13%. This is the first time that N. fasciatus has been reported in foxes from Murcia Region. The predictive model established a certain pattern to determine the areas with the highest risk of acquiring fleas. Positive correlation of daily potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in winter and the opposite effect occurring for ET0 in summer were obtained, as well as positive correlations for mean daily temperature (Tmean) in summer and mean precipitation (Pmean) in winter and summer. The model was also found positively correlated in the forest habitat ecotone areas and the anthropized areas
Open Access
Descripción de la helmintofauna respiratoria de la población de arruí (Ammotragus lervia) del Parque Regional de Sierra Espuña (Murcia)
(2022) Ruiz de Ybáñez Carnero, M. Rocio; Escribano Cánovas, Fernando; Vázquez Rodríguez, Javier; Martínez Carrasco-Pleite, Carlos; Arcenillas Hernández, Irene; Facultad de Veterinaria
Open Access
Pearsonema plica in red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) from semi-arid areas of the Iberian Peninsula
(Elsevier, 2022-08-24) Ruiz de Ybáñez Carnero, María del Rocío; Tizzani, Paolo; Pérez Cutillas, Pedro; Martínez-Carrasco Pleite, Carlos; Arcenillas Hernández, Irene; Sanidad Animal
The nematode Pearsonema plica is a parasite infecting the urinary bladder of carnivores, with a described prevalence ranging from 1 to 90%. This parasite needs earthworms as intermediate host to complete its life cycle, being the red fox (Vulpes vulpes) a definitive host. The objective of this study was to analyse the prevalence and intensity of P. plica in the red fox population from the Region of Murcia (SE Spain), an area with semi-arid Mediterranean climate. The urinary bladder, kidneys and ureters of 167 red foxes were collected at necropsy, opened and observed to detect adult parasites. The influence of host variables (sex, age and body condition using Kidney Fat Index) and environmental variables (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index, Normalized Difference Moisture Index, Bare Soil Index, temperature, radiation, evapotranspiration, precipitation, Corine Land Cover categories and distance to urban areas) were evaluated using a Generalised Linear Model. Moran index was used to evaluate the parasite spatial aggregation. The prevalence found was very low (2.4%; median abundance 0 nematodes per fox; median intensity 7.5 nematodes per parasitized fox), which contrast with those described in other red fox populations in Europe. Environmental variables had a significant influence on the occurrence of P. plica, being NDMI, mean summer precipitation, percentage of forest and agricultural areas positively associated with P. plica abundance. The south-eastern Iberian Peninsula has a semi-arid climate that hinders the development of the life cycle of this nematode, which justifies its occurrence in specific areas where there are the suitable environmental conditions for the presence of earthworms. However, although semi-arid Mediterranean areas do not seem to be favourable carnivores to be parasitized by P. plica, we cannot underestimate the risk that exists in those areas where, either naturally or by human activity, there are environmental factors that favor the presence of this nematode.