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Martínez García, Emilio

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Martínez García, Emilio
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Universidad de Murcia. Departamento de Medicina y Cirugía Animal
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Subject: Ejaculate fractions ×

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    The seminal plasma of the boar is rich in cytokines, with significant individual and intra-ejaculate variation
    (Wiley, 2015-12) Barranco Cascales, Isabel; Rubér, Marie; Pérez Patiño, Cristina; Atikuzzaman, Mohammad; Martínez García, Emilio; Roca Aleu, Jorge; Rodríguez Martínez, Heriberto; Medicina y Cirugía Animal
    Problem: The boar, as human, sequentially ejaculates sperm-rich and sperm-poor fractions. Seminal plasma (SP) spermadhesins (PSP-I/PSP-II) induce a primary endometrial inflammatory response in female sows, similar to that elicited by semen deposition in other species, including human. However, the SP is also known to mitigate such response, making it transient to allow for embryo entry to a cleansed endometrium. Although cytokine involvement has been claimed, the exploration of cytokines in different SP fractions is scarce. This study determines Th1, Th2, Th17 and Th3 cytokine profiles in specific ejaculate SP fractions from boars of proven fertility. Methods: SP samples from the sperm-rich fraction (SRF) and the sperm-poor post-SRF fraction (post-SRF) of manually collected ejaculates from eight boars (four ejaculates per boar) were analysed by commercial multiplex bead assay kits (Milliplex MAP, Millipore, USA) for interferon-γ, interferon gamma-induced protein 10, macrophage-derived chemokine, growth-regulated oncogene, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, monocyte chemo-attractant protein-1, interleukins (IL)-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-15, IL-17 and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1-β3. Results: Cytokine concentrations differed between the ejaculate fractions among boars, being highest in the post-SRF. Conclusion: Boar SP is rich in Th1, Th2, Th17 and Th3 cytokines, with lowest concentrations in the sperm-peak-containing fraction, indicating its main immune influence might reside in the larger, protein-rich sperm-poor post-SRF.
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    Seminal plasma antioxidants are directly involved in boar sperm cryotolerance
    (Elsevier, 2018-02) Li, Junwei; Barranco Cascales, Isabel; Tvarijonaviciute, Asta; Molina, Manuel F.; Martínez García, Emilio; Rodríguez Martínez, Heriberto; Parrilla Riera, Inmaculada; Roca Aleu, Jorge; Medicina y Cirugía Animal
    Boar ejaculates are ejected in fractions with a specific composition in terms of sperm numbers and seminal plasma (SP), which is reflected in the varying sperm cryotolerance observed among different fractions. As boar sperm are particularly sensitive to oxidative stress, this study evaluated the role of SP antioxidants in the observed differences in sperm cryotolerance among ejaculate fractions. Ten ejaculates from five boars were manually collected in fractions: the first 10 mL of the sperm-rich fraction (SRF), the rest of the SRF and the post-SRF. Semen samples comprising the entire ejaculate (EE) were created by proportionally mixing the three fractions described above. Each of the 40 resulting semen samples was split into two aliquots: one was used for sperm cryopreservation following a standard protocol utilizing 0.5-mL straws, and the other was used to collect SP for antioxidant assessment. Frozen-thawed (FT) sperm from the SRF (the first 10 mL of the SRF and the rest of the SRF) and those from post-SRF were of the highest and worst quality, respectively, which was measured in terms of total and objective progressive motility and viability (P < 0.01). Viable FT sperm from the post-SRF generated more reactive oxygen species and experienced more lipid peroxidation than those from the SRF (both the first 10 mL and the rest of the SRF) (P < 0.01). The percentage of FT sperm exhibiting fragmented nuclear DNA did not differ among ejaculate fractions and the EE. Catalase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione peroxidase 5 (GPx-5) were lowest in SP from the first 10 mL of the SRF (P < 0.001), whereas superoxide dismutase (SOD) and paraoxonase 1 (PON-1) were highest in SP of the SRF (both the first 10 mL and the rest of the SRF) (P < 0.01). Trolox-equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) and the ferric-reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) were highest in SP from the first 10 mL of the SRF and lowest in the post-SRF (P < 0.001), whereas cupric-reducing antioxidant capacity was lowest (P < 0.05) in SP from the first 10 mL of the SRF. Regression analyses indicated that certain SP antioxidants had good predictive value for post-thaw recovery rates of total motility (R2 = 54.8%, P < 0.001; including SOD, TEAC and FRAP) and viability (R2 = 56.1%, P < 0.001; including SOD, PON-1, GPx-5 and TEAC). These results demonstrated that certain SP antioxidants are positively involved in boar sperm cryotolerance, minimizing the oxidative stress imposed by cryogenic handling.
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