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Mulero Méndez, Victoriano Francisco

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Mulero Méndez, Victoriano Francisco
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Universidad de Murcia. Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología
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  • Publication
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    Cell volume regulation modulates NLRP3 inflammasome activation
    (Elsevier, 2012-09-21) Compan, Vincent; Baroja Mazo, Alberto; López Castejón ∙, Gloria; Gómez, Ana I.; Angosto, Diego; Montero, María T.; Herranz, Antonio S.; Bazán, Eulalia; Reimers, Diana; Martínez Cáceres, Carlos Manuel; Mulero Méndez, Victoriano Francisco; Pelegrín Vivancos, Pablo; Anatomía y Anatomía Patológica Comparadas
    Cell volume regulation is a primitive response to alterations in environmental osmolarity. The NLRP3 inflammasome is a multiprotein complex that senses pathogen- and danger-associated signals. Here, we report that, from fish to mammals, the basic mechanisms of cell swelling and regulatory volume decrease (RVD) are sensed via the NLRP3 inflammasome. We found that a decrease in extracellular osmolarity induced a K+-dependent conformational change of the preassembled NLRP3-inactive inflammasome during cell swelling, followed by activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome and caspase-1, which was controlled by transient receptor potential channels during RVD. Both mechanisms were necessary for interleukin-1β processing. Increased extracellular osmolarity prevented caspase-1 activation by different known NLRP3 activators. Collectively, our data identify cell volume regulation as a basic conserved homeostatic mechanism associated with the formation of the NLRP3 inflammasome and reveal a mechanism for NLRP3 inflammasome activation.
  • Publication
    Open Access
    Comunicaciones Orales.- Estudio del papel de las ferroxidasas en la virulencia del hongo Mucor circinelloides
    (2020-05-06) Navarro Mendoza, María Isabel; López-Muñoz, A.; Hernández-Oñate, M. A.; Herrera-Estrella, A.; Torres-Martínez, S; Ruiz-Vázquez, R. M.; Garre Mula, Victoriano; Nicolás, F. E.; Mulero Méndez, Victoriano Francisco; Facultades, Departamentos, Servicios y Escuelas::Departamentos de la UMU::Genética y Microbiología; Facultades, Departamentos, Servicios y Escuelas::Departamentos de la UMU::Biología Celular e Histología
  • Publication
    Open Access
    Diseño de un protocolo para el aislamiento de células cebadas del exudado peritoneal de Sparus aurata para la identificación de receptores de estrógenos
    (2020-04-13) Gómez-González, Nuria Esther; García-García, Érick; García Ayala, Alfonsa; Mulero Méndez, Victoriano Francisco; Facultades, Departamentos, Servicios y Escuelas::Departamentos de la UMU::Biología Celular e Histología
    RESUMEN. La contaminación de las aguas por disruptores endocrinos, y en concreto de estrógenos sintéticos, crece diariamente pudiendo cambios en el sistema inmunitario en los animales que en ellas habitan al presentar en las células que lo componen receptores de estrógenos. La inflamación es la primera respuesta de los animales frente a una infección o daño en el tejido. La histamina tiene un papel muy importante en la regulación de la inflamación en vertebrados capaces de almacenarla en células especializadas inmunitarias llamadas células cebadas. Sparus aurata presenta histamina en las células cebadas de tejidos mucosos. El exudado peritoneal de S. aurata está enriquecido en células cebadas. Hemos identificado que el exudado peritoneal de dorada está compuesto por linfocitos, granulocitos acidófilos, macrófagos y células cebadas. Hemos diseñado un protocolo de separación de las células cebadas de exudado peritoneal de S. aurata consiguiendo purezas superiores al 95% cuando se mide por citometría. Estos datos fueron confirmados mediante microscopía electrónica. Este protocolo de separación servirá como un paso hacia adelante para realizar estudios in vivo e in vitro orientándonos en la evolución de los mecanismos inflamatorio de vertebrados. También hemos demostrado por citometría de flujo y western-blot utilizando los anticuerpos adecuados que las células cebadas de esta especie presentan el receptor de estrógenos acoplado a la proteína G (GPER). Además, con la idea de poder estudiar en investigaciones futuras el efecto que altas concentraciones de estrógenos causan en el sistema inmune de S. aurata intentamos estudiar la capacidad de liberación de histamina en células cebadas tras su estimulación con diferentes PAMPs (patrones moleculares asociados a patógenos) lipopolisacáridos (LPS), Poly I:C (análogo sintético de la doble cadena de ARN (dsRNA)) y AND genómico de Vibrio angillarum (VaDNA), aunque ninguno era capaz de inducir la liberación de histamina en estas células.
  • Publication
    Open Access
    Efecto de la testosterona en la espermatogénesis de machos de dorada (Sparus aurata L.)
    (2020-04-13) Sánchez-Hernández, Miriam; Chaves-Pozo, Elena; Cabas, Isabel; García-Alcázar, Alicia; García Ayala, Alfonsa; Mulero Méndez, Victoriano Francisco; Facultades, Departamentos, Servicios y Escuelas::Departamentos de la UMU::Biología Celular e Histología
    RESUMEN Los andrógenos pueden inducir la espermatogénesis en peces teleósteos inmaduros. Sin embargo, su función no se conoce con exactitud en los ejemplares adultos. Para conocer el efecto in vivo de la testosterona (T) sobre la espermatogénesis de dorada (Sparus aurata L. 1758), especie hermafrodita protándrica de interés económico alto en la región de Murcia, inyectamos un implante (in situ forming microparticle system) a ejemplares que se encontraban en la etapa de involución testicular del segundo ciclo reproductor. Se trabajó con tres grupos de ejemplares: i) inyectados con implantes con 1 mg T/Kg de peso corporal, ii) inyectados con implantes sin T y iii) no inyectados. Se tomaron muestras de sangre, gónada e hígado a los 7, 14, 21 y 28 días después de haberlos inyectado para realizar un análisis hormonal, morfológico, inmunocitoquímico y de expresión génica. El objetivo de nuestro trabajo era determinar el efecto de la T, y de sus derivados, sobre la fisiología de la gónada analizando la progresión de la espermatogénesis, la tasa de proliferación celular y de apoptosis, la presencia de leucocitos y el perfil de expresión de genes relevantes en la respuesta inmunitaria. Los implantes con T provocaron un aumento en los niveles de T, alcanzando niveles supra-fisiológicos. El perfil de expresión génica, en gónada e hígado de algunas enzimas implicadas en la síntesis y el metabolismo de esteroides, descartó la transformación de T en compuestos estrogénicos. Por otra parte la T parece inhibir la respuesta inmunitaria en la gónada ya que observamos una disminución de los niveles de expresión de los genes que codifican para los TLR, lo que podría provocar una disminución de su capacidad para reconocer y responder a los patógenos. Sin embargo se observó un aumento de granulocitos acidófilos y linfocitos lo que nos sugiere que los andrógenos participan en el flujo migratorio de leucocitos al interior de la gónada.
  • Publication
    Open Access
    Comunicaciones Póster.-Effects of 17α-ethinylestradiol in the immune system of the gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L.) through mast cells
    (2020-05-29) Gómez González, Nuria E.; García-Alcázar, A.; García Ayala, Alfonsa; Mulero Méndez, Victoriano Francisco; Sepulcre Cortés, María Pilar; Facultades, Departamentos, Servicios y Escuelas::Departamentos de la UMU::Biología Celular e Histología
  • Publication
    Open Access
    17α-Ethynylestradiol alters the peritoneal immune response of gilthead seabream
    (Elsevier, 2017) Gómez González, Nuria Esther; Cabas, Isabel; Rodenas, María del Carmen; Arizcun, Marta; García Ayala, Alfonsa; Mulero Méndez, Victoriano Francisco; Biología Celular e Histología
    17α-Ethynylestradiol (EE2), a synthetic estrogen used in most oral contraceptives pills and hormone replacement therapies, is found in many water bodies, where it can modulate the fish immune response. EE2 acts as an endocrine disruptor in gilthead seabream, Sparus aurata L., a marine teleost fish of great economic value in Mediterranean aquaculture, as it induces hepatic vitellogenin gene (vtg) expression. Moreover, EE2 also alters the capacity of gilthead seabream to appropriately respond to infection although it does not behave as an immunosuppressor. Nevertheless, these previous studies have mainly focused on the head kidney leukocytes and no information exists on peritoneal leukocytes, including mast cells. In the present work, juvenile gilthead seabream fish were fed a pellet diet supplemented with EE2 for 76 days and intraperitoneally injected with hemocyanin plus imject alum adjuvant at the end of EE2 treatment and 92 days later, and the peritoneal immune response was analyzed. EE2 supplementation induced vtg expression but returned to basal levels by 3 months post-treatment. Interestingly, gilthead seabream peritoneal leukocytes express the genes encoding for the nuclear estrogen receptor α and the G protein-coupled estrogen receptor 1 and the dietary intake of EE2 induced these expression. Moreover, EE2 induced an inflammatory response in the peritoneal cavity in unvaccinated fish, which was largely maintained for several months after the cessation of the treatment. However, the impact of EE2 in vaccinated fish was rather minor and transient. Taken together, the study provides fresh information about endocrine immune disruption, focusing on peritoneal leukocytes.
  • Publication
    Open Access
    Neutrophils mediate Salmonella Typhimurium clearance through the GBP4 inflammasome-dependent production of prostaglandins
    (Nature Research, 2016-07-01) Martín Sánchez, María Rosario Fátima; Tyrkalska, Sylwia D.; Candel Camacho, Sergio; Angosto, Diego; Gómez Abellán, Victoria; García Moreno, Diana; Zapata Pérez, Rubén; Sánchez Ferrer, Álvaro; Pelegrín Vivancos, Pablo; Mulero Méndez, Victoriano Francisco; Sepulcre Cortés, María Pilar; Farmacología
    Inflammasomes are cytosolic molecular platforms that alert the immune system about thepresence of infection. Here we report that zebrafish guanylate-binding protein 4 (Gbp4),an IFNg-inducible GTPase protein harbouring a C-terminal CARD domain, is required for theinflammasome-dependent clearance of Salmonella Typhimurium (ST) by neutrophils in vivo.Despite the presence of the CARD domain, Gbp4 requires the universal inflammasomeadaptor Asc for mediating its antibacterial function. In addition, the GTPase activity of Gbp4is indispensable for inflammasome activation and ST clearance. Mechanistically, neutrophilsare recruited to the infection site through the inflammasome-independent production of thechemokine (CXC motif) ligand 8 and leukotriene B4, and then mediate bacterial clearancethrough the Gbp4 inflammasome-dependent biosynthesis of prostaglandin D2. Our resultspoint to GBPs as key inflammasome adaptors required for prostaglandin biosynthesis andbacterial clearance by neutrophils and suggest that transient activation of the inflammasomemay be used to treat bacterial infections.
  • Publication
    Open Access
    Comunicaciones Póster.-Impact of oxidative stress in psoriasis: a role for XDH and NRF2
    (2020-05-29) Martínez-Navarro, F. J.; Corbalán-Vélez, R.; Martínez-Menchón, Mª T.; Meseguer-Peñalver, J.; Moreno- García, D.; Martínez Morcillo, Francisco Javier; Mulero Méndez, Victoriano Francisco; Facultades, Departamentos, Servicios y Escuelas::Departamentos de la UMU::Biología Celular e Histología
  • Publication
    Open Access
    Histamine and mast cell activator compound 48/80 are safe but inefficient systemic adjuvants for gilthead seabream vaccination
    (Elsevier, 2017-02-10) Gómez González N.E., Cabas I.; Montero J., García Alcázar A; Mulero Méndez, Victoriano Francisco; García Ayala, Alfonsa; Biología Celular e Histología
    Histamine has a key role in the regulation of inflammatory and innate immune responses in vertebrates. Gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L.), a marine hermaphrodite teleost of great commercial value, was the first fish species shown to possess histamine-containing mast cells (MCs) at mucosal tissues. MCs are highly abundant in the peritoneal exudate of gilthead seabream and compound 48/80 (Co 48/80), often used to promote MC activation and histamine release, is able to promote histamine release from gilthead seabream MCs in vitro and in vivo. The aim of the present study was to analyze the effect of histamine and Co 48/80 on the immune responses of gilthead seabream. For this purpose, histamine and Co 48/80 were intraperitoneally injected alone or combined with 109 heat-killed Vibrio anguillarum cells and their effects on head kidney and peritoneal exudate were analyzed. The results indicated that although histamine and Co 48/80 were both able to alter the percentage of peritoneal exudate and head kidney immune cell types, only Co 48/80 increased reactive oxygen species production by peritoneal leukocytes. In addition, histamine, but not Co 48/80, was able to slightly impair the humoral adaptive immune response, i.e. production of specific IgM to V. anguillarum. Notably, both histamine and Co 48/80 reduced the expression of the gene encoding histamine receptor H2 in peritoneal exudate leukocytes. These results show for the first time in fish that although systemic administration of histamine and Co 48/80 is safe, neither compound can be regarded as an efficient adjuvant for gilthead seabream vaccination.
  • Publication
    Open Access
    Premature aging in telomerase-deficient zebrafish
    (The Company of Biologists, 2013-09-01) Anchelin, Monique; Alcaráz Pérez, Francisca; Bernabé García, Manuel; Cayuela, María L.; Martínez Cáceres, Carlos Manuel; Mulero Méndez, Victoriano Francisco; Anatomía y Anatomía Patológica Comparadas
    The study of telomere biology is crucial to the understanding of aging and cancer. In the pursuit of greater knowledge in the field of human telomere biology, the mouse has been used extensively as a model. However, there are fundamental differences between mouse and human cells. Therefore, additional models are required. In light of this, we have characterized telomerase-deficient zebrafish (Danio rerio) as the second vertebrate model for human telomerase-driven diseases. We found that telomerase-deficient zebrafish show p53-dependent premature aging and reduced lifespan in the first generation, as occurs in humans but not in mice, probably reflecting the similar telomere length in fish and humans. Among these aging symptoms, spinal curvature, liver and retina degeneration, and infertility were the most remarkable. Although the second-generation embryos died in early developmental stages, restoration of telomerase activity rescued telomere length and survival, indicating that telomerase dosage is crucial. Importantly, this model also reproduces the disease anticipation observed in humans with dyskeratosis congenita (DC). Thus, telomerase haploinsufficiency leads to anticipation phenomenon in longevity, which is related to telomere shortening and, specifically, with the proportion of short telomeres. Furthermore, p53 was induced by telomere attrition, leading to growth arrest and apoptosis. Importantly, genetic inhibition of p53 rescued the adverse effects of telomere loss, indicating that the molecular mechanisms induced by telomere shortening are conserved from fish to mammals. The partial rescue of telomere length and longevity by restoration of telomerase activity, together with the feasibility of the zebrafish for high-throughput chemical screening, both point to the usefulness of this model for the discovery of new drugs able to reactivate telomerase in individuals with DC.