Párraga Ros, Ester

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Párraga Ros, Ester

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Párraga Ros, Ester

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Anatomía y Anatomía Patológica Comparadas

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Intestinal histopathological changes in a porcine model of pneumoperitoneum-induced intra-abdominal hypertension
(Springer, 2018-05-17) Párraga Ros, Ester; Correa Martín, Laura; Sánchez‑Margallo, Francisco M.; Candanosa‑Aranda, Irma Eugenia; Malbrain, Manu L. N. G.; Wise, Robert; López Albors, Octavio Miguel; Latorre Reviriego, Rafael Manuel; Castellanos, Gregorio; Anatomía y Anatomía Patológica Comparada
Background Low splanchnic perfusion is an immediate effect of pneumoperitoneum-induced intra-abdominal hypertension (IAH). Anatomical structure results in the intestinal mucosa being the area most sensitive to hypoperfusion. The relationship between intestinal injury and clinical parameters of tissue perfusion [abdominal perfusion pressure (APP), gastric intramucosal pH ( pHi) and lactic acid (Lc)] has not been previously studied. This study aimed to monitorize intestinal pathogenesis through sequential ileal biopsies and to measure APP, pHi, and Lc levels at different pneumoperitoneum-induced intraabdominal pressures (20, 30, and 40 mmHg) to evaluate the potential relationships between them. Materials and methods Fifty pigs were divided into four groups; a control group (C) and three experimental groups with different pneumoperitoneum-induced levels [20 mmHg (G20), 30 mmHg (G30), and 40 mmHg (G40)], that were maintained for 3 and 5 h. APP, pHi, and Lc were measured and ileal biopsies taken laparoscopically every 30 min. The mucosal damage was graded using the standardized Park’s Score and animals were classified as injured (I+) or uninjured (I−). Results Different histopathological lesions were observed in groups G20, G30, and G40 but no damage observed in group C. A 33.3% of animals in G20 and G30 were I+ after 3 h, while 93.3% were injured in G40. After 5 h, histopathological lesions were no longer seen in some animals in G20 and only 10% were I+. Conversely, in G30 I+ pigs increased to 80% while those in G40 remained at 93.3% I+. The I+ animals had significantly lower APP and pHi than those I−. Lc was the clinical parameter that showed the earliest differences, with significantly higher figures in I+ animals. Conclusions The evolution of intestinal injuries from pneumoperitoneum-induced IAH depends on the degree of IAP. These damages may be associated with decreases in APP and pHi, and increases in Lc.
Open Access
The pathophysiological impact of intraabdominal hypertension in pigs
(Public Library of science, 2023-08-28) Wise, Robert; Rodseth, Reitze; Párraga Ros, Ester; Latorre Reviriego, Rafael Manuel; López Albors, Octavio Miguel; Correa-Martın, Laura; Francisco M, Sánchez-Margallo; Irma Candanosa-Aranda, Eugenia; Poelaert, Jan; Castellanos, Gregorio; Malbrain, Manu L. N. G; Anatomía y Anatomía Patológica Comparada
Background Intra-abdominal hypertension and abdominal compartment syndrome are common with clinically significant consequences. We investigated the pathophysiological effects of raised IAP as part of a more extensive exploratory animal study. The study design included both pneumoperitoneum and mechanical intestinal obstruction models. Methods Forty-nine female swine were divided into six groups: a control group (Cr; n = 5), three pneumoperitoneum groups with IAPs of 20mmHg (Pn20; n = 10), 30mmHg (Pn30; n = 10), 40mmHg (Pn40; n = 10), and two mechanical intestinal occlusion groups with IAPs of 20mmHg (MIO20; n = 9) and 30mmHg (MIO30; n = 5). Results There were significant changes (p<0.05) noted in all organ systems, most notably systolic blood pressure (SBP) (p<0.001), cardiac index (CI) (p = 0.003), stroke volume index (SVI) (p<0.001), mean pulmonary airway pressure (MPP) (p<0.001), compliance (p<0.001), pO2 (p = 0.003), bicarbonate (p = 0.041), hemoglobin (p = 0.012), lipase (p = 0.041), total bilirubin (p = 0.041), gastric pH (p<0.001), calculated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) (p<0.001), and urine output (p<0.001). SVV increased progressively as the IAP increased with no obvious changes in intravascular volume status. There were no significant differences between the models regarding their impact on cardiovascular, respiratory, renal and gastrointestinal systems. However, significant differences were noted between the two models at 30mmHg,with MIO30 showing worse metabolic and hematological parameters, and Pn30 and Pn40 showing a more rapid rise in creatinine. Conclusions This study identified and quantified the impact of intra-abdominal hypertension at different pressures on several organ systems and highlighted the significance of even short-lived elevations. Two models of intra-abdominal pressure were used, with a mechanical obstruction model showing more rapid changes in metabolic and haematological changes. These may represent different underlying cellular and vascular pathophysiological processes, but this remains unclear.
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Effects of pneumoperitoneum and body position on the morphology of the caudal cava vein analyzed by MRI and plastinated sections
(Springer Nature, 2012-10-24) Párraga Ros, Ester; López Albors, Octavio Miguel; Sánchez-Margallo, Fco; Moyano-Cuevas, J.L.; Latorre Reviriego, Rafael Manuel; Anatomía y Anatomía Patológica Comparada
Background Pneumoperitoneum and patient positioning are essential factors during laparoscopic surgical procedures. They cause hemodynamic and anatomical changes in several abdominal organs among which the caudal cava vein (CCV) is involved. Hemodynamic changes in this vein (decreased venous return) have been described in the porcine model, but how the vein morphology and size is affected at different abdominal levels is unknown. We sought to assess the morphological and morphometrical changes in the CCV of the pig caused by pneumoperitoneum and the reverse Trendelenburg position by in vivo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Methods Six pigs were scanned via MRI under four situations: S1, control (no pneumoperitoneum); S2, control in the reverse Trendelenburg position; S3, pneumoperitoneum (14 mmHg); and S4, pneumoperitoneum in the reverse Trendelenburg position. MRI and plastinated body sections were used to evaluate the topography, morphology and cross-sectional area of the CCV. Results Two portions of the CCV were differentiated: a prehepatic portion (located between the vertebral levels L1–T15) with flat and irregular morphology, and a hepatic portion (between T14–T11) that was almost rounded. The reverse Trendelenburg position caused an increase in the lumen affecting mainly the prehepatic portion, while pneumoperitoneum caused a decrease in the total vascular lumen, exerting a greater effect on the hepatic portion. The combination of both situations resulted in a further decrease in the vascular area and global morphological changes. Conclusions The pneumoperitoneum and reverse Trendelenburg position caused morphological and morphometrical changes in the prehepatic and hepatic portions of the CCV, which should assist in gaining a better understanding of the hemodynamic changes described in the literature.
Open Access
Evaluation of a novel intramuscular prime/ intranasal boost vaccination strategy against influenza in the pig model
(Public Library of Science, 2024-08-08) Avanthay, Robin; García Nicolás, Obdulio; Ruggli, Nicolás; Grau-Roma, Llorenç; Summerfield, Artur; Zimmer, Gert; Párraga Ros, Ester; Anatomía y Anatomía Patológica Comparada
Live-attenuated influenza vaccines (LAIV) offer advantages over the commonly used inactivated split influenza vaccines. However, finding the optimal balance between sufficient attenuation and immunogenicity has remained a challenge. We recently developed an alternative LAIV based on the 2009 pandemic H1N1 virus with a truncated NS1 protein and lacking PA-X protein expression (NS1(1–126)-ΔPAX). This virus showed a blunted replication and elicited a strong innate immune response. In the present study, we evaluated the efficacy of this vaccine candidate in the porcine animal model as a pertinent in vivo system. Immunization of pigs via the nasal route with the novel NS1(1–126)-ΔPAX LAIV did not cause disease and elicited a strong mucosal immune response that completely blocked replication of the homologous challenge virus in the respiratory tract. However, we observed prolonged shedding of our vaccine candidate from the upper respiratory tract. To improve LAIV safety, we developed a novel prime/boost vaccination strategy combining primary intramuscular immunization with a haemagglutinin-encoding propagation-defective vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) replicon, followed by a secondary immunization with the NS1(1– 126)-ΔPAX LAIV via the nasal route. This two-step immunization procedure significantly reduced LAIV shedding, increased the production of specific serum IgG, neutralizing antibodies, and Th1 memory cells, and resulted in sterilizing immunity against homologous virus challenge. In conclusion, our novel intramuscular prime/intranasal boost regimen interferes with virus shedding and transmission, a feature that will help combat influenza epidemics and pandemics.
Open Access
Time-course evaluation of intestinal structural disorders in a porcine model of intraabdominal hypertension by mechanical intestinal obstruction
(Public Library of Science, 2018-01-28) Párraga Ros, Ester; Correa Martín, Laura; Sánchez-Margallo, Fco; Candanosa-Aranda, Irma Eugenia; Malbrain, Manu L. N. G.; Wise, Robert; Latorre Reviriego, Rafael Manuel; López Albors, Octavio Miguel; Castellanos, Gregorio; Anatomía y Anatomía Patológica Comparada
Background A mechanical intestinal obstruction (MIO) can generate intraabdominal hypertension (IAH) that is life threatening. The intestines are very sensitive to IAH since the low splanchnic perfusioncauses intestinal hypoxia, local acidosis and bacterial translocations. This may lead to acute intestinal distress syndrome (AIDS). The identification of intestinal injuries during IAH and its correlation with clinical parameters as the abdominal perfusion pressure (APP), the gastric intramucosal pH (pHi) and lactic acid (Lc) are still unknown. This study aimed to evaluate the sequence of intestinal histopathological findings in an MIO model and to analyze potential relationships with parameters currently used in clinical practice (APP, pHi and Lc). Material and methods Twenty pigs were divided into three groups: a control group (n = 5) and two experimental groups with 20 mmHg (G1, n = 10) and 30 mmHg (G2, n = 5) of IAH by MIO. The pressures were maintained for 3 hours, except in 5 animals in G1 where it was maintained for 5 hours. The APP, pHi and LA were recorded and biopsies of the terminal ileum were taken every 30 minutes in all groups. The intestinal damage was graded according to the Park Score. Results Intestinal injuries were found in 42.9% of pigs in the experimental groups. The lesions were independent of the level and duration of IAH. Although APP and pHi were slightly lower in injured animals (I +) of G1 and G2, there were no significant differences among those uninjured (I-). Lc was significantly increased in all I+ pigs from the onset of IAH. Conclusion The IAH by MIO causes intestinal lesions from the first 30 minutes with concurrent decreases in APP and pHi and increases in Lc. Lc could be the best clinical parameter related to intestinal damages with a clear difference between I + and I- animals.
Open Access
Mechanical Intestinal Obstruction in a Porcine Model: Effects of Intra-Abdominal Hypertension. A Preliminary Study
(Public Library of Science, 2016-02-05) Correa-Martín, L.; Párraga Ros, Ester; Sánchez-Margallo, Fco; Latorre Reviriego, Rafael Manuel; López Albors, Octavio Miguel; Wise, R.; Malbrain, M. L. N. G.; Castellanos, G.; Anatomía y Anatomía Patológica Comparada
Introduction Mechanical intestinal obstruction is a disorder associated with intra-abdominal hypertensionand abdominal compartment syndrome. As the large intestine intraluminal and intra-abdominal pressures are increased, so the patient’s risk for intestinal ischaemia. Previous studies have focused on hypoperfusion and bacterial translocation without considering the concomitant effect of intra-abdominal hypertension. The objective of this study was to design and evaluate a mechanical intestinal obstruction model in pigs similar to the human pathophysiology. Materials and Methods Fifteen pigs were divided into three groups: a control group (n = 5) and two groups of 5 pigs with intra-abdominal hypertension induced by mechanical intestinal obstruction. The intraabdominal pressures of 20 mmHg were maintained for 2 and 5 hours respectively. Hemodynamic, respiratory and gastric intramucosal pH values, as well as blood tests were recorded every 30 min. Results Significant differences between the control and mechanical intestinal obstruction groups were noted. The mean arterial pressure, cardiac index, dynamic pulmonary compliance and abdominal perfusion pressure decreased. The systemic vascular resistance index, central venous pressure, pulse pressure variation, airway resistance and lactate increased within 2 hours from starting intra-abdominal hypertension (p<0.05). In addition, we observedincreased values for the peak and plateau airway pressures, and low values of gastric intramucosal pH in the mechanical intestinal obstruction groups that were significant after 3 hours. Conclusion The mechanical intestinal obstruction model appears to adequately simulate the pathophysiology of intestinal obstruction that occurs in humans. Monitoring abdominal perfusion pressure, dynamic pulmonary compliance, gastric intramucosal pH and lactate values may provide insight in predicting the effects on endorgan function in patients with mechanical intestinal obstruction.
Open Access
Congenital bilateral clinical anophthalmia and brachygnathia superior in a fighting bull calf
(Wiley, 2023-05-18) Sanes, José Manuel; Bueno, Juan Manuel; Jódar, Carlos de; Soler, Marta; Bayón, Alejandro; Párraga Ros, Ester; Seva Alcaraz, Juan; Anatomía y Anatomía Patológica Comparadas
This study describes a case of a 20-day-old male fighting bull with bilateral clinical anophthalmia and brachygnathia superior whose dam was 12.5 years old and was mistakenly dewormed with ivermectin intramuscularly in the first third of gestation in a livestock farm. A macroscopic examination of the carcass was performed, with a special focus on the ocular components. Eyeball remains were found in both orbits and a histopathological examination was performed on them. Antibodies by serological study against bovine herpes virus-1, respiratory syncytial virus and bovine viral diarrhea virus for both the cow and the calf were not detected. The calf had small orbits and inside them a white and brown mass of soft consistency. Microscopically, abundant muscular and adipose tissue was observed, alongside nervous structures and vestiges of ocular structures with stratified epithelium and abundant connective tissue with glands. No evidence that this congenital bilateral anophthalmia had infectious or hereditary origin was found. By contrast, the malformation could be related to the treatment with ivermectin during the first month of gestation.
Open Access
The impact of in vitro embryo production on placental and umbilical cord vascularization is minimized by the addition of reproductive fluids
(Elsevier, 2023-09-15) Álvarez Martín, Úrsula; Coy, Pilar; Romar, Raquel; Párraga Ros, Ester; Seva Alcaraz, Juan; Anatomía y Anatomía Patológica Comparadas
Animals born from in-vitro-produced (IVP) embryos show changes in the placenta and umbilical cord vascularization. This study compares the placental and umbilical vascular morphometry in pigs (n = 19) born through artificial insemination (AI group) or after transfer of IVP embryos cultured with (RF-IVP group) or without (C-IVP group) reproductive fluids. The relationship between vascular parameters and animal growth during the first year of life was also analyzed. Samples were collected at birth, fixed, paraffin-embedded, cut in sections, stained, and photographed for vascular and morphometric analysis with ImageJ® and Slide Viewer®. The average daily weight gain was individually scored from birth to the first year of life. No differences were found in placental vascular morphometry among groups, except for the vascular area of small vessels (arterioles, venules, and small vessels) that was higher in the C-IVP group. Regarding the umbilical cord, the values for perimeter (AI: 26.40 ± 3.93 mm; IVP: 30.51 ± 4.74 mm), diameter (AI: 8.35 ± 1.01 mm; IVP: 10.26 ± 1.85 mm), area (AI: 43.18 ± 12.87; IVP: 56.61 ± 14.89 mm2), and Wharton's jelly area (AI: 36.86 ± 12.04 mm2; IVP 48.88 ± 12.80 mm2) were higher in IVP-derived than AI-derived animals, whereas arterial and venous morphometric data were similar between groups. A correlation study showed that placental and umbilical cord vascular phenotypes affect the further growth of pigs. In conclusion, assisted reproductive technologies impact small caliber vessels in the placenta and morphometric parameters in the umbilical cord. The addition of reproductive fluids in IVP-embryo contributes to reduce the differences with in vivo-derived animals.
Open Access
Testosterone, ano-genital distance, and epididymal sperm quality in bulls derived from artificial insemination and in vitro production
(Brazilian College of Animal Reproduction, 2024) Heras, Sonia; Cánovas, Sebastián; Serrano-Albal, María; Masegosa, Alicia; Juan, Ángela; Coy, Pilar; Romar, Raquel; Gadea, Joaquín; Párraga Ros, Ester; Romero Aguirregomezcorta, Jon; Anatomía y Anatomía Patológica Comparadas
Previous studies have documented variances in cattle born from artificial insemination (AI) and in vitro derived embryo transfer (IVP). However, it remains uncertain whether these variances are associated with testosterone levels and bull reproductive function. This study aims to investigate plasma testosterone levels in AI and IVP-derived bulls and to assess physical weight and length and morphological reproductive parameters, including anogenital distance, and epididymal sperm quality. Bulls born via AI (n=5) and IVP (n=9) previously produced (Lopes et al. Animals, 2020) were kept under the same housing, management and feeding conditions. They were evaluated at intervals 75, 150, 360, 600-900 and 1200-1500 days of age. Physical parameters (weight, length, height at withers, thoracic girth) and morphological reproductive parameters such as anogenital distance were measured. Average daily weight gain (ADWG) was calculated from birth. Blood plasma was collected and stored (-80ºC) for testosterone analysis, conducted using an automated clinical chemistry analyzer (Olympus AU400, Japan). Bulls were sacrificed at an age exceeding 1500 days and epididymal spermatozoa were collected for evaluation of motility (using CASA), viability (PNAFITC and propidium iodide staining, plus flow cytometry), and morphology (contrast phase microscope evaluation). Data were analyzed using a mixed linear model with age and embryo origin (IVP vs. AI) as the main factors. Pearson correlations were computed between variab les, with significance set at P < 0.05. No significant differences were observed between AI and IVP-derived bulls regarding testosterone levels, physical parameters, or anogenital measurements (P > 0.05). Similarly, epididymal sperm parameters, including total motility (AI: 88.8 ± 4.1, IVP: 90.4 ± 5.3; %), progressive motility (AI: 53.2 ± 5.8, IVP: 40.0 ± 5.4; %), viability (viable and non-reacted sperm; AI: 78.9 ± 5.8, IVP: 82.1 ± 1.6; %), and morphology (percentage of abnormal sperm; AI: 93.5 ± 3.0, IVP: 89.0 ± 3.2; %), did not show significant discrepancies. Testosterone levels exhibited an increase with age, ranging from a mean of 13.6 ng/ml at 75 days to 740 ng/ml at 1200-1500 days. Both testosterone levels and age demonstrated direct and significant correlations with all physical parameters (body weight and length parameters) and anogenital distance. Age exhibited an inverse relationship with ADWG. In conclusion, within the constraints of this study’s sample size, no disparities were detected in testosterone levels or epididymal sperm parameters among bulls derived from AI and IVP.
Open Access
The immunolocalization of HIF-2α, GLUT1 and CAIX in porcine oviduct during the estrous cycle
(Wiley, 2022-06-09) Párraga Ros, Ester; Latorre Reviriego, Rafael Manuel; Aparicio Gozález, Mónica; Boronat Belda, Talía; López Albors, Octavio Miguel; Anatomía y Anatomía Patológica Comparada
Oxygen (O2) rates in the oviduct are essential to human and animal reproduction. These rates are regulated by the activity of hypoxia markers such as the hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs), the glucose transporters (GLUT), and the carbonic anhydrase (CA). In the porcine model, scarce studies have been reported regarding these markers and their effects in reproduction are unknown. The objective was to characterize the immunolocalization of HIF-2α, GLUT1, and CAIX in porcine oviducts throughout the estrous cycle. Oviducts (ampulla and isthmus) of adult sows (n = 45) were collected for histological and immunohistochemical analysis with HIF-2α, GLUT1, and CAIX markers. The percentage of immunopositive area was quantified, and the differences among phases of the estrous cycle were analyzed (folicular, early luteal, and late luteal). The three markers showed epithelial presence mainly. Significantly lower expression of HIF-2α was found in the luteal phases, especially in the isthmus. GLUT1 expression did not change throughout the estrous cycle, but differences were found between the ampulla and isthmus. CAIX expression showed the highest, with a significant downward trend throughout estrous cycle. The ubiquitous expression of hypoxia markers shows the porcine oviduct physiology in relation to O2. The differential expression of HIF-2α, GLUT1, and CAIX in different subcompartments of the oviduct throughout the estrous cycle contributes to improve the knowledge of the cell physiology of the oviduct, which can be useful in fertilization studies.