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Alvira Baeza, Ricardo

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Alvira Baeza, Ricardo
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Universidad de Murcia. Departamento de Ciencia Política, AntropologíaSocial y Hacienda Pública
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2024 - 20264
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    On the influence of the electoral system in the political conflict in Catalonia and its reform as a tool for mitigation
    (Firenze University Press (FUP)., 2026-03-26) Alvira Baeza, Ricardo; Ciencia Política y de la Administración (en constitución); Facultades de la UMU::Facultad de Derecho
    Since the Spanish Constitution was approved in 1978, several politicians and public figures in Catalonia have challenged Catalonia’s position within the Spanish state, asserting the need to move towards greater self-government and even independence. This demand has led to constant negotiations between the Catalan government institutions, almost always in the hands of Catalan nationalist parties since 1978, and the central government. The increase in the negotiating power of Catalan nationalist parties since 1993, when they became pivotal in electing the Spanish government, led to a notable and growing increase in Catalonia’s autonomy. Nevertheless, this progressive autonomy has also faced criticism from other Spanish regions, as well as from within Catalonia itself, particularly from those who maintain that Catalonia should remain integrated within the Spanish state under conditions comparable to those of the other regions. This clash of positions led to extreme ideological polarization at the end of the 2010-2020 decade, which persists in a somewhat attenuated form today, with the potential to resurface given that its causes have not been resolved. This article summarizes the different positions on the conflict, showing that many of them are related to the majoritarian design of the political system, with the electoral system being particularly relevant. This suggests that reforming the electoral system could be a way to mitigate the conflict. To test this hypothesis, the parliaments created in the 2012-2017 regional elections by the current electoral system are compared with those that would have been produced, under certain assumptions, by six alternative electoral designs. The results confirm that the current majoritarian model is contributing to the conflict, and that alternative electoral system designs could significantly reduce ideological polarization. The results of this study could be applicable in multiple contexts 19in Europe to mitigate the increasing ideological polarization
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    Population concentration. Quantitative characterization by concentration indexes
    (INU Edizione Srl, 2024-06-01) Alvira Baeza, Ricardo; Ciencia Política y de la Administración (en constitución); Facultades de la UMU::Facultad de Derecho
    El trabajo analiza el fenómeno de la concentración de la población desde una perspectiva histórica, teórica y cuantitativa. Tras revisar los principales enfoques desarrollados para comprender la distribución territorial de la población, distingue entre las propuestas normativas de organización espacial, representadas por autores como Platón y Ebenezer Howard, y las aproximaciones empírico-estadísticas iniciadas por Auerbach y posteriormente desarrolladas por la teoría de los lugares centrales. A partir de este marco, se plantea la necesidad de superar el análisis basado únicamente en la dicotomía entre población urbana y rural mediante indicadores que permitan medir el grado de concentración territorial. Como aplicación empírica, el estudio examina la evolución de la concentración de la población en España entre 1787 y 2020 utilizando índices de concentración, observando un incremento sostenido del fenómeno paralelo al crecimiento demográfico. El trabajo propone estos indicadores como herramientas para caracterizar y comparar la distribución espacial de la población, analizar su relación con otras variables territoriales y establecer objetivos de redistribución demográfica fundamentados en evidencia cuantitativa. Asimismo, se plantea la utilidad de este enfoque para el diseño y la evaluación de políticas públicas orientadas al equilibrio territorial y al desarrollo urbano sostenible.
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    La representación gráfica de los sistemas políticos como metodología de enseñanza-aprendizaje de política comparada
    (UOC Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, 2025-10-16) Alvira Baeza, Ricardo; Ciencia Política y de la Administración (en constitución); Cucurull Poblet, Tatiana; Fernández García, Antonio; Facultades de la UMU::Facultad de Derecho
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    Minimum Equivalent Fees. A proposal to re-establish income equality for equivalent work
    (Universidad de Florencia, 2026-07-28) Alvira Baeza, Ricardo; Ciencia Política y de la Administración (en constitución); Facultades de la UMU::Facultad de Derecho
    The CJEU’s recent judgment in Case C-19/23, which upholds most of Directive 2022/2041 on adequate minimum wages, highlights an overlooked issue: the removal of minimum professional fees in Spain, and most EU Member States, has created a structural asymmetry between salaried and self-employed workers. This asymmetry undermines the constitutional right to fair remuneration and the European principle of non-discrimination, especially as self-employed workers have been increasingly treated as “legal entities” which deprives them of rights inherent to natural persons. Through an analysis of Spanish and European legislation, constitutional jurisprudence, and income data from sectors such as architecture, the article shows that current regulation produces material discrimination. It then proposes Minimum Equivalent Fees (MEF) as a proportional, legally coherent mechanism to restore income equality for equivalent work, aligned with EU law and CJEU case law.
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