María Mójica, Pedro

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María Mójica, Pedro

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María Mójica, Pedro

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Universidad de Murcia. Departamento de Ciencias Sociosanitarias

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Open Access
High Levels of Blood Lead in Griffon Vultures (Gyps fulvus) from Cazorla Natural Park (Southern Spain)
(Wiley, 2005-04-08) Godino, A.; Jiménez, P.; García Fernández, Antonio Juan; María Mójica, Pedro; Martínez López, Emma; Romero García, Diego; Ciencias Sociosanitarias
The blood lead of 23 griffon vultures (Gyps fulvus) trapped in 2003 was analyzed in order to evaluate exposure to lead in the vulture population of Cazorla Natural Park (in southern Spain). In 2001 the use of leaded gasoline in vehicles was banned in the European Union; however, lead ammunition is still used in Spain in big-game hunting for red deer, fallow deer, mouflon, and wild boar, which are ingested by vultures from September to March. The mean concentration of lead in blood was 43.07 6 31.96 g/dL with a range of 17.39–144.80 g/dL. Only two vultures had lead levels below 20 g/dL, and two others had blood lead concentrations close to 150 g/dL. In view of the results, we think the population of vultures from Cazorla Natural Park is suffering subclinical exposure to lead, with some individuals exposed to high toxicity risk. We concluded that ingestion of lead in the metallic form alone is sufficient to produce these blood lead concentrations, and we recommend the prohibition of lead ammunition for big-game hunting in order to preserve the vulture population.
Open Access
Environmental lead exposure in the European kestrel (Falco tinnunculus) from southeastern Spain: the influence of leaded gasoline regulations
(Springer, 2004-11-09) Pulido, M.; García Fernández, Antonio Juan; María Mójica, Pedro; Martínez López, Emma; Navas Ruiz, Isabel Maria; Romero García, Diego; Ciencias Sociosanitarias
Open Access
Pluma de águila calzada (hieraaetus pennatus) como unidad biomonitora de la exposición ambiental a cadmio y plomo
(Murcia: Universidad de Murcia, Servicio de Publicaciones, 2002) Martínez, J.E.; Calvo Sendín, José Francisco; García Fernández, Antonio Juan; María Mójica, Pedro; Martínez López, Emma; Facultad de Veterinaria
Open Access
Heavy metals in tissues from loggerhead turtles (Caretta caretta) from the southwestern Mediterranean (Spain)
(Elsevier, 2009-02-02) Hernández-García, Alejandro; Castillo, Juan J.; Bellido, Juan J.; García Fernández, Antonio Juan; Gómez Ramírez, Pilar; Jiménez Montalbán, Pedro Javier; María Mójica, Pedro; Martínez López, Emma; Romero García, Diego; Ciencias Sociosanitarias
Cadmium, lead, copper, and zinc were measured in tissues of 21 loggerhead turtles (Caretta caretta) from the southwestern Mediterranean coastline. Mean concentrations (dry weight) of essential elements (Zn and Cu) were 107 and 21.6 μg/g in liver, 27.9 and 3.8 μg/g in kidney, 65.4 and 5.0 μg/g in pectoral muscle, 11.1 and 3.45 μg/g in brain, and finally 19.2 μg/g and undetected in bone, respectively. Mean concentrations of heavy metals (Cd and Pb) were 23.4 and 2.8 μg/g in liver, 31.5 and 0.5 μg/g in kidney, 0.2 and 0.3 μg/g in pectoral muscle, 0.2 and 0.7 μg/g in brain, and undetected and 1.2 μg/g in bone, respectively. Metal concentrations were similar to other studies conducted on Mediterranean turtles. However, cadmium concentrations varied widely among individuals, which has been associated with potential sources of cadmium in Mediterranean Sea. This is the first study into metal accumulation in tissues of loggerhead turtle from Spanish Mediterranean coastline.
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Biomonitorización de la exposición a insecticidas organoclorados en aves rapaces de la Región de Murcia / Pedro María Mojica ; Antonio Juan García Fernández.
(Murcia : Universidad de Murcia, Facultad de Veterinaria, Departamento de Ciencias Sociosanitarias,, 1998) María Mójica, Pedro
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Spatiotemporal variations of organochlorine pesticides in an apex predator: Influence of government regulations and farming practices
(Elsevier, 2019-06-20) Pérez-García, Juan Manuel; León-Ortega, Mario; Enrique Martínez, José; Francisco Calvo, José; Sánchez-Zapata, José Antonio; Botella, Francisco; García Fernández, Antonio Juan; Gómez Ramírez, Pilar; María Mójica, Pedro; Martínez López, Emma; Ciencias Sociosanitarias
Background Intensification of agricultural practices has caused several negative effects to the environment. The use of fertilizers and pesticides may alter geochemical cycles or cause direct wildlife intoxication. Detrimental effects of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) have forced the authorities to ban or restrict its use. This study evaluates the variation in levels of OCPs in a sentinel species in relation to changes in government regulations and the spatial configuration of agricultural practices around the nests. Methods Between 2003 and 2007, we analysed OCP levels in 256 blood samples of Eurasian Eagle-owl (Bubo bubo) chicks nesting in area of intensive commercial agriculture with historical frequent use of pesticides, in South-eastern Spain. We studied year-to-year variations in OCP concentrations and their relation with land use configuration around raptor nests by Generalized Linear Mixed Models (GLMM). Results OCPs were detected in 100% samples surveyed in 2003 and 2004, while dropped to 27% in 2005, 6.8% in 2006 and 6.3% in 2007, coinciding with the ban of OCPs. The presence of the main OCPs was related to agricultural practices. In particular, endosulfan and lindane were related to irrigated crops and urban areas, while DDT-related compounds and dieldrin were associated with dry land farming. Conclusions OCP concentrations in blood samples of Eurasian Eagle-owls may respond quickly to the implementations of new regulations about the use of agricultural products. This raptor was confirmed as a good sentinel species allowing rapid detection of changes in pesticides use.
Open Access
Do court sentences reflect the reality of wildlife poisoning in the natural environment? The Spanish case.
(2020-07-12) Simal, Jorge; Jiménez, Pedro; García Fernández, Antonio Juan; María Mójica, Pedro; Navas Ruiz, Isabel Maria; Ciencias Sociosanitarias
Although poisoning of wildlife is considered, since 1995, as a crime by the Spanish Penal Code, it is a deeply rooted habit of the population. The illegal use of poisoned baits to kill “unwanted” animals, such as predators, and specially birds of prey is a great threat for both domestic and wild animals. Poisons to kill animals are not selective; therefore animals poisoned by baits or other legally used pesticides, may suffer secondary poisonings. In Spain, according to WWF, between 1992-2013, the number of animals poisoned reached 18,503 individuals, including kites, vultures, eagles, wolves and bears. According to the Life+Veneno Project, 80 Court sentences about wildlife poisoning have been pronounced in Spain between 1994 and 2019. The aim of this study was to review these sentences comparing the data with epidemiologic data reported by the regional authorities, in order to evaluate if the court sentences reflect the real situation of wildlife poisoning in Spain. The compounds involved in poisonings in those sentences partly match with those found in the document published in 2016 by WWF and SEO/Birdlife. Aldicarb and carbofuran are the compounds most commonly used to kill wildlife, followed to a lesser extent, by two convulsivant compounds (strychnine and endosulfan), other cholinesterase inhibitors and a second generation anticoagulant rodenticide, bromadiolone. The court sentences handed down in Spain include 439 poisoned animals, mainly birds (72%) and mammals (25%). Fifty percent of these animals (n=215) are necrophagous: 114 Black kites (Milvus migrans), 42 Red kites (Milvus milvus), 41 Griffon vultures (Gyps fulvus), 10 Cinereous vulture (Aegypius monachus), 6 Spanish Imperial Eagle (Aquila adalberti), 1 Bearded vulture (Gypaetus barbatus) and 1 Golden Eagle (Aquila chrysaetos). The mean time elapsed between the crime and delivery of the judgment of the Court of First Instance is close to 3 years (median, 2 years). According to the Spanish Penal Code, this offence carries a maximum prison sentence of two years and/or economic fines. Moreover the poisoner can be disqualified from exercising the right to passive suffrage and the right to practice hunting activities. The vast majority of the Court sentences concluded with guilty verdicts (n=74, 92.5%). Imprisonment sentences were imposed in 32 of the trials; while economic fines and disqualification to hunting activities were imposed in 60 of them.
Open Access
Human health risk assessment on lead in game sausages from the central and southern Iberian Peninsula
(2025-06-16) Valverde, Irene; García Fernández, Antonio Juan; Jiménez Montalbán, Pedro Javier; María Mójica, Pedro; Navas Ruiz, Isabel Maria; Peñalver García, José; Ciencias Sociosanitarias; Facultad de Veterinaria
El estudio nace de un contrato suscrito entre WWF-España y la UMU, titulado “Estudio de impregnación de plomo en embutidos de especies cinegéticas”. Se han realizado análisis de plomo en productos cárnicos de especies de caza mayor para valorar el riesgo sobre la salud humana de consumidores medios y extremos.
Open Access
Animales envenenados: la experiencia de diez años del servicio de toxicología de la universidad de murcia
(Murcia: Universidad de Murcia, Servicio de Publicaciones, 2002) Romero Gombau, Alberto Damian; García Fernández, Antonio Juan; María Mójica, Pedro; Martínez López, Emma; Motas Guzmán, Miguel; Navas Ruiz, Isabel Maria; Facultad de Veterinaria
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Detection of strychnine by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in the carcase of a Bonelli's eagle (Hieraaetus fasciatus)
(Blackwell Publishing Ltd., 2006-08-05) Gerique, C.; Jiménez, P.; García Fernández, Antonio Juan; María Mójica, Pedro; Martínez López, Emma; Navas Ruiz, Isabel Maria; Romero García, Diego; Ciencias Sociosanitarias