Histology and histopathology Vol.32,nº12 (2017)
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- PublicationOpen AccessHuman sperm motility, capacitation and acrosome reaction are impaired by 2-arachidonoylglycerol endocannabinoid(Universidad de Murcia. Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, 2017) Francou, M.M.; Girela, Jose Luis; de Juan, A.; Ten, J.; Bernabeu Mora, Roberto; De Juan, J.The endocannabinoids are cannabinoids synthesized by mammalian tissues. These compounds are closely related to the regulation of the male reproductive system. However, little is known about the effects produced by 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2AG) on in vitro human sperm functions. This study was undertaken to determine the effects produced by 2AG on fresh human sperm and in the capacitation technique. Semen samples from healthy young men were exposed to different concentrations of 2AG before and during capacitation technique. In this work, we have demonstrated that 2AG induces the spontaneous acrosome reaction and reduces progressive motility in fresh human sperm. During the capacitation technique, sperm becomes more sensitive to low concentrations of 2AG, triggering the acrosome reaction and inhibiting protein phosphorylation. In summary, 2AG affects the in vitro functionality of human sperm by reducing motility, inhibiting capacitation and triggering the acrosome reaction.
- PublicationOpen AccessBariatric surgery influences β-Cell turnover in non obese rats(Universidad de Murcia. Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, 2017) Camacho Ramírez, Alonso; Blandino Rosano, Manuel; Segundo Iglesias, M. Carmen; Lechuga Sancho, Alfonso M.; Aguilar Diosdado, Manuel; Pérez Arana, Gonzalo M.; Prada Oliveira, J. ArturoBackground. The aim of this study was to investigate the relation between the different bariatric surgeries and pancreatic β-cell turnover. Material and Methods. We used healthy adult male Wistar rats to undergo the different techniques. Three surgical techniques were developed (malabsorptive, Sleeve gastrectomy and Roux-Y Gastric Bypass-), together with two control groups (Sham and fasting control). Pancreatic β-cell mass was measured, as well as apoptosis, proliferation and neogenesis related to cellular turnover. Otherwise, we measured the functional issues to elucidate the physiological role that these surgical techniques trigger in the carbohydrate metabolism (e.g. food intake, weight gain, intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test, and basal glycaemia). Results included the differences in phenotypes of the rat after the surgery. The rats did not show important differences in glycaemic parameters between the surgical groups. The β-cell mass presented modifications related with proliferation processes. A significant increase of β-cell mass in the malabsorptive technique was reported. On the other hand, the peripheral resistance to insulin tended to be reduced in rats which underwent malabsorptive and mixed techniques. Conclusion. This work showed an increase in β-cell mass after the resection of an important portion of small bowel. The Roux-Y Gastric Bypass produced a non-significant increase in β-cell mass. We considered that these implications of surgery over the endocrine pancreas must be one of the mechanisms related to the improvement of type 2 Diabetes mellitus following bariatric surgery.
- PublicationOpen AccessIncreased annexin A2 and decreased β-catenin in adenomyosis contribute to adenomyosis-associated dysmenorrhea(Universidad de Murcia. Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, 2017) Liu, Li Xue; Wu, Yin Ga; Zheng, JianObjective. To investigate the expression of annexin A2 (ANXA2) and β-catenin in eutopic and ectopic endometrium, and their relationships with adenomyosis-associated dysmenorrhea. Methods. From December 2013 to June 2014, ectopic endometrium (n=30) and eutopic endometrium (n=30) of adenomyosis were collected as experimental group, and endometrium (n=30) of uterine myoma as control group from the department of gynecology and obstetrics, the affiliated hospital of Inner Mongolia medical university. The expression of ANXA2 and βcatenin was detected by immunohistochemical S-P method, followed by the Pearson correlations for the correlation analysis of ANXA2 and β-catenin with adenomyosis-associated dysmenorrhea. Meanwhile, the levels of preoperative serum ANXA2 of patients with adenomyosis (n=42) and uterine myoma (n=42) were also measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results. Immunohistochemistry and ELISA identified a higher expression of ANXA2 in eutopic and ectopic endometrium of adenomysis tissues, whereas βcatenin protein was down-regulated. Furthermore, there was a significant positive correlation between ANXA2 expression and dysmenorrhea degree, while there was a negative linear correlation between β-catenin expression and dysmenorrhea degree in ectopic endometrium. Conclusion. These results suggested that increased ANXA2 and less expressed β-catenin were correlated to adenomyosis-associated dysmenorrhea. It may provide a new idea of diagnosis and treatment to adenomyosisassociated dysmenorrhea.
- PublicationOpen AccessGestational protein restriction: Study of the probable effects on cardiac muscle structure and function in adult rats(Universidad de Murcia. Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, 2017) Amer, Mona G.; Mohamed, Nader M.; Shaalan, Aly A.M.Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) has been linked to heart disease in adulthood. This study aimed to examine the effect of gestational protein restriction during fetal and early postnatal life on the cardiac muscle structure and function in adult offspring. Pregnant female rats were randomly divided into two dietary groups: normal-protein diet (NP) and low-protein diet (LP). Fifteen male offspring from each group were included in the study. Offspring body weights were recorded at birth and monthly from weaning until 24 weeks of age while systolic blood pressure was measured weekly. At the end of the experiment, hearts were weighed and processed for light and electron microscopy and immunohistochemical study. Immunohistochemical staining for localization of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and connexin 43 proteins was performed. The gestational protein restriction induced deleterious effects on adult offspring including decreased birth weight, heart weight, and heart rate, and increased systolic blood pressure. Histologically, the number of cardiomyocytes decreased and cardiac fibrosis increased. Signs of degeneration at both structural and ultra-structural levels of cardiomyocytes were also seen. The iNOS was up regulated in LP offspring which was a promoter for apoptosis, while connexin 43 was down regulated which would affect heart conductivity and contractility. Our results demonstrate that adult offspring body weight and cardiac muscle structure and function can be programmed by maternal gestational nutrition. These adverse outcomes suggest the criticality of dietary behavior during pregnancy on long-term offspring cardiac health.
- PublicationOpen AccessExpression profiles of angiogenesis in two high grade chondrosarcomas: A xenotransplant experience in nude mice(Universidad de Murcia. Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, 2017) Giner, Francisco; López Guerrero, José Antonio; Machado, Isidro; García Casado, Zaida; Fernández Serra, Antonio; Peydró Olaya, Amando; Llombart Bosch, AntonioBackground. Chondrosarcomas (Chs) are malignant cartilage-forming tumors that represent the third most common malignant solid tumor of bone in adults. Angiogenesis is a major factor for tumor growth and metastasis. Our aim was to make a histological, immunohistochemical, ultrastructural and molecular characterization of the neovascularization established between xenotransplanted Chs and the host during the initial phases of growth in nude transfer, in order to find potential markers for distinguishing between high grades II and III Chs. Methods. two xenotransplanted high grade human Chs were evaluated. Tumor pieces were implanted subcutaneously on the backs of 14 athymic Balb-c nude mice. The animals were sacrificed 24, 48, and 96 hours; and 7, 14, 21 and 28 days after implantation. Two grade I Chs were also transferred in nude but did not grow. Results. Morphological differences were apparent between these two Chs during the early stages of neoplastic growth. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated overexpression of pro-angiogenic factors 24h-48h after tumor implantation. Additionally, neoplastic cells co-expressed chemokines (CXCL9, CXCL10 and GRO) and their receptors. Molecular studies showed two expression profiles, revealing an early and a late phase in the angiogenic process. Conclusion. High grade Chs demonstrated two different stages of induced angiogenesis, with an intimate association between structural and molecular events that might explain the different aggressive biological behavior of grade II and III Chs. The present model may be useful for testing the effect of anti-angiogenic drugs.