Histology and histopathology Vol.10, nº 3 (1995)
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- PublicationOpen Accesslmmunohistochemical study of p53 expression in cancer tissues from patients undergoing radiation therapy(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1995) Hamada, N.; Ogawal, Y.; Seguchi, H.; Terashima, M.; Nishioka, A.; Inomata, T.; Yoshida, S.; Kishimoto, S.; Saito, H.Immunostaining using p53 monoclonal antibodies (p53(Ab-3) recognizes mutant type and p53(Ab-6) the wild type of p53 protein) was performed on frozen sections of biopsy specimens obtained before and during preoperative radiotherapy from 23 patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. The positive staining rates of p53(Ab-3) before radiotherapy and at radiation doses of 4Gy, lOGy and 20Gy were 30.0%, 38.9%, 25.0% and 6.25%, and those of p53(Ab- 6) 10,5%, 11.8%, 5.0% and 0% respectively. The relationship between the immunohistochemical findings and antitumor effect at radiation dose of 20Gy was examined on the correspondent haematoxylin-eosin sections. In patients whose p53(Ab-3) stainings were positive at any doses of radiotherapy, the antitumor effect at the cumulative dose of 20Gy was either remarkable or effective. Moreover, the frequency of the expression of mutant type p53 protein tended to increase in rather radiosensitive tumors. As for wild type p53 protein, there was no remarkable relationship between the staining of p53(Ab-6) and the antitumor effect.
- PublicationOpen AccessAcetylcholinesterase-positive afferent axons in mucosa of urinary bladder of adult cats: retrograde tracing and degeneration studies(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1995) wakabayashi, Y.; Kojima, Y.; Makiura, Y.; Tomoyoshi, T.; Maeda, T.Acetylcholinesterase (AchE)-positive afferent axons in the mucosa of the cat urinary bladder were examined in the present experiments. Smallsized dorsal root ganglion cells containing AchE enzyme activity were labelled by injection of retrograde tracer (wheat germ agglutinin conjugated to enzymatically inactive horseradish peroxidase gold complex) into the bladder mucosa of adult cats. Results show that 48.9% (901184) of the labelled ganglion cells possessed AchE enzyme activity. Following unilateral dorsal root ganglionectomy (L2-5, S 1-3), a total of 6619 unmyelinated axon terminals were examined in the bladder mucosa, including 691 degenerating axon terminals. Percentages (8.6- 16.1 %) of degenerating axon terminals in the ganglionectomized animals (1, 2, 3, 10 and 21 days post-operated) were significantly higher than those of controls (3.1%) and the 60-day post-operated animals (3.2%). Approximately onehalf (47.9%) of the degenerating axon terminals observed in the 1-21 day post-operated animals were AchE-positive. Further examination also disclosed that the population of the intact (not affected by ganglionectomy) AchE-positive axon terminals at 60 days (59.3%) was significantly greater than that of controls (45.6%). The AchE-positive terminals containing few synaptic vesicles were significantly increased in number in the 60 day post-operated cats. In conclusion the present study demonstrates that one half of afferent axons in the mucosa were AchE-positive. The increase in AchE-positive afferent axon terminals containing few synaptic vesicles may be derived from contralateral dorsal root ganglia resulting from sprouting following dorsal root ganglionectomy.
- PublicationOpen AccessMacrophages in the external muscle layers of mammalian intestines(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1995) Mikkelsen, H.B.The literature on macrophages in the muscularis extema of mouse, rat, guinea pig, cat, dog and human gut is reviewed. In smaller mammals macrophages are regularly situated in two locations: in the serosa and at the level of Auerbach's plexus between the longitudinal and circular muscle layers. In addition a few solitary cells are present at the level of the deep muscular plexus. At the level of Auerbach's plexus the macrophages occur as a constant and regularly distributed cell population with intimate associations between macrophages and interstitial cells of Cajal. Morphologically they differ from most resident macrophages in being irregular in shape with 4-6 primary cytoplasmic processes, which branch and give a stellate appearance. They have been demonstrated with endocytotic markers (trypan red, FWC-dextran, cholera toxin), immunocytochemically with macrophage antibodies (F4180, M1170) and antibodies against MHC class-I1 antigen, GABA and cGMP. In muscularis externa of the human gut a regularly distributed cell population of macrophages is not obvious. However, a phenotypically distinct subgroup is identified by light microscopy with the pan macrophage antibodies (EBM11, C3bl and partly by ~1 5 0 . 9 5a)n~d shows MHC class-I1 antigen. By electron microscopy muscularis extema macrophages, in all species investigated, appear to be endocytically downregulated, and since they are lysozyme, prostaglandine H synthase (both constitutive and activated) and acid phosphatase negative, they appear to be inactivated cells. Both origin and function of these cells are unknown. They may be immunocompetent, participate in a neuroimmune axis, tissue growth and modulation or other regulations of specific cell functions.
- PublicationOpen AccessEffect of chronic alcoholism on neuronal nuclear size and neuronal population in the mammillary body and the anterior thalamic complex of man(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1995) Belzunegui, T.; Insausti, R.; Ibáñez, J.; Gonzalo, L. M.-
- PublicationOpen AccessNuclear vlimata and aneuploidy in embryonic cells is caused by meiosis. Behaviour and properties of meiotic cells(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1995) Logothetou-Rella, H.This study demonstrates that human embryonic cells divide by meiosis. The use of trophoblastic tissue cells (early embryo) and amniotic cells (late embryo) exhibited the following characteristic events of meiosis: nuclear (NVs) and nucleolar (NuVs) vlimata formation; NV invasion in host cells; extrusion of chromosomes; nuclear fusion; metaphase fusion; hybrid cell formation; nuclear, nucleolar and cytoplasmic bridges, chromosomal transfer, variablesized nuclei; nuclear fragmentation; condensed meiotic chromosomes; "0" chromosome; and aneuploidy. Two types of nuclear bridges (NBs) were identified and defined as communicative tubules through which chromosomal transfer among cells is achieved. The wall of NBs is an extension of the nuclear membrane and the lumen contained chromosomal fusion substance (CFS). Embryonic cells formed glycosaminoglycan-sacs (GSGsacs) and rivulets, forming a cytoplasmic communicative system. The extracellular matrix (ECM), GSG-sacs and CFS were composed of glycosaminoglycan-bound protease. The protease which immuno-crossreacted with the al-chymotrypsin antiserum was the meiotic calciumactivated neutral proteinase (CANP). Cytogenetic analysis of early embryonic cells showed higher ratio of aneup1oidy:diploidy than late embryonic cells. The results are discussed in terms of differentiation-mitosis and undifferentiation-meiosis. These observations lead to an embryonic cell life cycle identical to that of malignant cells as follows: meiosis invasion Zygote & NVs and NuVs - recipient host nuclear fusion cells - hybrid cells-w organogenesis metaphase fusion + mitosis