Histology and histopathology Vol.31, nº4 (2016)

Ir a Estadísticas

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    Effects of catecholaminergic nerve lesion on endometrial development during early pregnancy in mice
    (Universidad de Murcia. Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, 2016) Dong, Yulan; Liu, Guanhui; Wang, Zixu; Li, Jing; Cao, Jing; Chen, Yaoxing
    Maternal stress is common during pregnancy and the postnatal period. This stress typically activates the sympathetic nervous system which releases catecholamines. This study explored the influence of sympathectomy by using neurotoxin 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) on embryo implantation, and investigated the influence mechanism of sympathectomy on reconstruction of endometrial structure during early pregnancy. In the 6-OHDA-treated mice, uterine glands in the endometrium developed poorly, and the gland epithelia were arranged irregularly during early pregnancy. Furthermore, vacuoles, karyopykosis and plasmarrhexis appeared in some gland epithelia. The percentage of uterine glands and the density of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) positivity were dramatically decreased, and Fas ligand (FasL) expression was decreased in cells from pregnancy days 5-9 (E5-9) in the treated group. Antioxidant enzyme activity levels in uteri were lower but the malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were higher in the 6- OHDA mice than those in the control mice at E5-9. Similarly, the number of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) positive cells was significantly increased during early pregnancy following treatment with 6-OHDA. Our results have indicated that peripheral catecholaminergic nerve lesions induced by 6-OHDA cause adverse pregnancy outcomes through disruption of endometrial gland development, which increases oxidative stress and iNOS expression in the endometrium. Thus, catecholaminergic nerves might favourably influence blastocyst implantation, foetal survival and development during early pregnancy by oxidative state regulation and endometrial gland reconstruction.
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    Extracellular vesicle-mediated modulation of angiogenesis
    (Universidad de Murcia. Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, 2016) Gai, Chiara; Carpanetto, Andrea; Deregibus, Maria Chiara; Camussi, Giovanni
    Angiogenesis is a tightly regulated process where a number of different players are involved. Recently, a role for membrane vesicles actively released from cells has been proposed. Virtually all cell types may release non-apoptotic membrane vesicles in the nano-size range containing critical components of the cell of origin. The two main categories of these vesicles include exosomes and microvesicles that differ for biogenesis but, sharing several features and mechanisms of action, have been collectively named extracellular vesicles (EV). EV are able to transfer from one cell to another bioactive lipids, proteins and nucleic acids that may induce changes in the phenotype and functions of the recipient cells. This new mechanism of cell to cell communication has been involved in modulation of the angiogenic process. Tumor cells, inflammatory cells and stem/progenitor cells were shown to release EV with angiogenic properties, suggesting that they may act on vascular remodeling in different physiological and pathological conditions. In this review we discuss the evidence for the role and the mechanisms of action of EV in vascular homeostasis and in the angiogenic processes occurring in tumors, inflammation and tissue regeneration.
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    Different effects of olive leaf extract on antioxidant enzyme activities in midbrain and dopaminergic neurons of Substantia Nigra in young and old rats
    (Universidad de Murcia. Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, 2016) Mehraein, Fereshteh; Sarbishegi, Maryam; Golipoor, Zoleikha
    Objectives: Study of the effects of olive leaf extract on antioxidant enzyme activities in midbrain and dopaminergic neurons of Substantia Nigra in young and old rats. Methods: Male wistar rats age 4 and 18 months were randomized into control and experimental groups. A single daily dose of 50 mg/kg of olive leaf extract was administered orally by gavage to each rat for 6 months. The control group received only distilled water. All rats were sacrificed 2 hours after the last gavage and their midbrains were separated for Malondialdehyde (MDA) and antioxidant enzyme activitiy analysis. TUNEL assay and immunohistochemical (IHC) staining were used for evaluation of the number of neurons in the Substantia Nigra. Results: The level of Catalase, Glutathione Peroxidase and Superoxide Dismutase enzyme activity were significantly increased in experimental young and old groups compared to their control groups. However the level of Superoxide Dismutase enzyme activity was significantly increased in experimental old group when compared to control group (P<0.01), the level of Superoxide Dismutase enzyme activity was not significantly changed in young groups. MDA level was decreased significantly in experimental young and old rats compared to their control groups. Histological analysis demonstrated that the number of neurons in Substantia Nigra of experimental old group was more than the control group (P<0.01). The number of apoptotic cells was significantly decreased in experimental old group compared to the corresponding control group (P<0.05). In IHC and TUNEL assay, no change was observed in the number of neurons between experimental and control young groups. Conclusion: Long term treatment with olive leaf extract increases antioxidant enzyme activity and protects the neurons in Substantia Nigra against oxidative stress.
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    Myocardial Connexin-43 and N-Cadherin decrease during vanadium inhalation
    (Universidad de Murcia. Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, 2016) Fortoul, Teresa I.; Soto-Mota, Adrian; Rojas-Lemus, Marcela; Rodriguez-Lara, Vilaney; GonzalezVillalva, Adriana; Montaño, Luis F.; Paez, Araceli; Colin-Barenque, Laura; López-Valdez, Nelly; Cano Gutiérrez, Gumaro; Bizarro-Nevares, Patricia; Ustarroz-Cano, Martha
    Particulate matter air pollution has considerably increased during the last decades; vanadium is a transition element adhered to this particulate matter, and the combustion of fossil fuels is the main source in the atmosphere. It has been reported that air pollution and specifically vanadium exposure increases the probability of suffering arrhythmias; however the biological mechanism of such a relationship remains unknown. It has been established that a diminished presence of NCadherin alters the Connexin-43 arrangement, and the consequent altered presence of these proteins predisposes to ventricular heart rate problems. We analyzed myocardial histology and the expression of N-Cadherin and Connexin-43 by immunohistochemistry in mouse that inhaled vanadium. Our results showed a significant and progressive reduction in both N-Cadherin and Connexin-43, as well as the presence of meganucleus; myofibrils disruption, and clumping in the exposed groups were also observed. Our findings add more information about a possible explanation for the arrythmogenic effect observed in dwellers of cities with high particulate matter atmospheric pollution.
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    Development, differentiation, and vascular components of subcutaneous and intrahepatic Hepa129 tumors in a mouse model of hepatocellular carcinoma
    (Universidad de Murcia. Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, 2016) Robertson, Richard T.; Gutierrez, Paula M.; Baratta, Janie L.; Thordarson, Kristoffer; Braslow, Joshua; Haynes, Sherry M.; Longmuir, Kenneth J.
    Tumor models in mice offer opportunities for understanding tumor formation and development of therapeutic treatments for hepatocellular carcinoma. In this study, subcutaneous or intra-hepatic Hepa129 tumors were established in C3H mice. Tumor growth was determined by daily measurements of subcutaneous tumors and post-mortem studies of subcutaneous and intrahepatic tumors. Administration of Edu was used to determine cell generation dates of tumor cells. Immunohistochemistry with antibodies directed at CD31 or CD34, and intravenous injection of labeled tomato lectin revealed tumor vasculature. Tissue sections also were processed for immunohistochemistry using a panel of antibodies to proteoglycans. Comparison of Edu labeled cells with immunoreactivity allowed determination of development and differentiation of tumor cells after cell generation. Subcutaneous and intrahepatic tumors displayed similar growth over 3 weeks. Immunohistochemistry showed strong labeling for glypican-3, 9BA12, and chondroitin sulfate of tumors in both loci, while normal liver was negative. Tumor regions containing Edu labeled cells did not show significant immunohistochemical labeling for the tumor markers until 2-3 days after Edu treatment; overlap of Edu labeled cells and immunohistochemically labeled tumor regions appeared to reach a maximum at 5 days after Edu treatment. Ectopic subcutaneous tumors displayed vascular ingrowth as the tumor cells expressed immunocytochemical markers; subcutaneous tumors displayed significantly more vascular elements than did intrahepatic tumors.