Histology and histopathology Vol.29, nº 8 (2014)
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- PublicationOpen AccessCavernomas of the human brainstem: 3-dimensional reconstruction from histological slides using computerized techniques(F. Hernández y Juan F. Madrid. Universidad de Murcia: Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, 2014) Toralba, Simon; Landemore, Gérard; Coquemont, Maëlle; Plancoulaine, Benoit; Chapon, FrançoiseCerebral cavernous malformations (CCMs) are described as vascular lesions consisting of endothelial-lined dilated vessels embedded in a connective tissue sheath without intervening parenchyma between them. Their anatomical connections with the normal blood vessels are still enigmatic and the fine three-dimensional (3-D) organization of these vascular lesions remains to be established. Two stacks of serial histological slices, obtained from two brainstem CCM lesions (from the necropsy of a CCM2 male patient), were stained using Masson’s trichrome method and then digitized. Stacks of regions of interest underwent quasi-automatic processing: 1) propagative registering using blockmatching algorithms and Brain Visa programs; 2) 3-D segmentation using Aphelion; 3) display with Anatomist or ImageVis3D. These first histological 3-D reconstructions show the external limits of the caverns defined as the external limit of their collagen sheath. These pictures not only reveal the gross spatial organization of the lesions, but due to their high resolution (4 µm) and with the help of simple anaglyphic 3-D rendering, they also allow the visualization of connections between caverns and very small blood vessels.
- PublicationOpen AccessImmunohistochemical study of immunological markers: HLAG, CD16, CD25, CD56 and CD68 in placenta tissues in recurrent pregnancy loss(F. Hernández y Juan F. Madrid. Universidad de Murcia: Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, 2014) Papamitsou, Theodora; Toskas, Alexandros; Papadopoulou, Kyriaki; Sioga, Antonia; Lakis, Sotirios; Chatzistamatiou, Maria; Economou, Zinon; Adriopoulou, LuisaIntroduction: Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) of unknown etiology is correlated with immunological alterations during pregnancy. Normally, changes in leukocyte subpopulations and HLA expression take place in pregnant uterus in order to tolerate the semi-allogenic embryo. Objective: Our research tries to enlighten the immunological changes that take place in the uterus of women with recurrent abortions of unknown etiology during first trimester of pregnancy. Materials and methods: The miscarriage group was obtained from 25 women who miscarried between the ages of 35 to 42 years and controls consisted of 25 healthy women between the ages of 27 to 39 years, who had electively terminated their pregnancies during the first trimester of pregnancy. The abortion was processed and specimens taken were studied using immunohistochemical methods. Specimens were taken from decidua basalis and decidua parietalis. Monoclonal antibodies were used against HLAG (Human Leukocyte Antigen G), CD68( Cluster of Differentiation 68), CD56, CD16 and CD25. The results were statistically analysed with Mann-Whitney test. Results: HLA-G expression in decidua basalis from miscarriage group was found to be decreased. CD25+ cell expression was found to be invariable in deciduas from both groups. CD16+ cell and CD68 + cell expression was found to be increased in deciduas from the miscarriage group. CD56+ cell expression was found to be increased in decidua parietalis from miscarriage group. Conclusion : Several differences in the immunological profile of deciduas from RPL group were observed. Changes in feto-protective HLA-G expression and a possible implication of macrophages and NK cells were found.
- PublicationOpen AccessCorrelative study of squash smear cytology with histopathology in a rare case of anaplastic giant cell ependymoma of the pineal(2014) Toscano, Marzia; Butorano, Aimée Gloria Munezero; Cerase, Alfonso; Miracco, CleliaAnaplastic giant cell ependymoma (AGCE) is a very rare neoplasm. Its cytological features, helpful for the intraoperative diagnosis, have been reported only once. AGCE is characterized by giant cells with intranuclear inclusions, besides other findings, observable in ependymal neoplasms, such as intracytoplasmic vacuoles, epithelial and glial features of the tumor cells and ependymal pseudorosettes. These findings can be detected also in intraoperative squash smear. Herein we describe a pineal AGCE, highlighting the cytological and histological correlations and underlining some useful diagnostic clues of this unusual entity.
- PublicationOpen AccessPaneth cells are also target of the ribotoxic lectin nigrin b(2014) Jiménez, Pilar; Gayoso, Manuel José; Garrosa, Manuel; Córdoba-Díaz, Damián; Cabrero, Patricia; Tejero, Jesús; Aracil, Mónica; Girbés, TomásRibosome-inactivating lectins (RILs) are AB type toxins like ricin whose molecular target is the large rRNA of eukaryotic ribosome. Administration of lethal doses of the RIL nigrin b isolated from elderberry (Sambucus nigra L.) bark triggers specific intestinal derangement. The aim of the present research was to explore the early effects of a lethal dose of nigrin b (16 mg/kg body weight) on the small intestine using light and electron microscopy to ascertain intestinal epithelium changes. 6 h after nigrin administration, the small intestine crypts began to show signs of damage with cells appearing at different stages of apoptosis. 16 h after injection crypts appeared more impaired, including the derangement of Paneth cells. The novelty of our results is that the Paneth cells in the small intestine in addition to stem cells are the early cellular targets for nigrin b.
- PublicationOpen AccessMesenchymal stem cell-mediated treatment of oral diseases(F. Hernández y Juan F. Madrid. Universidad de Murcia: Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, 2014) Liu, Yi; Hu, Jingchao; Wang, SonglinIn the oral maxillofacial region, there are significant demands for repairing severe tissue defects caused by congenital malformations, oncologic resection, post-traumatic loss, and pathologic degenerative destruction such as periodontitis. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are adult stem cells whose multipotency has been investigated for therapeutic applications. This review highlights the main MSCs involved in the tissue regeneration of oral maxillofacial region and recent advances in dental MSCbased tissue regeneration and treatments in this region. MSCs isolated from oral maxillofacial sources have higher proliferation rates and are more capable of forming bone and dental tissues. Large animal models of oral diseases or defects were established and treated with MSCs. Miniature pigs or dogs more closely mimic disease in humans and provide a useful means for translating research into clinical applications. MSCs exert other beneficial effects, including immunomodulation and paracrine processes. The immunoregulatory properties of MSCs facilitate their application to oral diseases and tissue regeneration. Besides autologous MSCs being an excellent cell source for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, allogeneic MSC-based treatment also provides a safe and effective therapeutic modality, the use of allogeneic MSCs in highly standardized clinical trials could lead to a better understanding of their real-life applications, which sheds light on potential clinical applications for treating oral diseases.