Investigación

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Investigación contiene los documentos generados por los docentes e investigadores de la Universidad en su labor de investigación. Este depósito tiene como objetivos el almacenamiento, la gestión, la preservación y la difusión de estos documentos, y pretende contribuir al aumento de la visibilidad del trabajo desarrollado por los miembros de la comunidad universitaria.

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Now showing 1 - 19 of 19

Open Access
Acoustic telemetry and accelerometers: a field comparison of different proxies for activity in the marine environment
(Oxford University Press, 2022-11-11) Venerus, L. A.; Abecasis, D.; Ciancio, J. E.; Gutiérrez Cánovas, C.; Jiménez Montalbán, Pedro Javier; García Charton, José Antonio; Pereñíguez López, José Manuel; Ecología e Hidrología
Different proxies for activity are used in the field of acoustic telemetry, a leading technology for the study of behaviour in the aquatic environment. Acoustic telemetry poses some shortcomings that may condition data interpretation. Here, we assessed some approaches commonly used to infer activity from acoustic telemetry data using acceleration biologgers as a benchmark. Specifically, we assessed (1) the performance of internal acceleration transmitters, (2) the consequences of averaging acceleration data into increasing time bins, (3) the occurrence of sampling bias in telemetry data acquisition, and (4) the performance of the number of detections and the depth range as proxies for activity. Despite some constraints of acoustic telemetry, acceleration transmitters had a good performance. Conversely, the number of detections and the depth range did not match well the activity estimates provided by acceleration biologgers. Besides, our results pointed to some issues in models concerning the predictive power of acceleration transmitters (linear predictor) over acceleration biologgers, warned about potential sampling bias associated with data acquisition with acoustic telemetry, and highlighted the relevance of considering inter-individual differences in behavioural studies. Finally, we provided some methodological perspectives that should be considered to plan fieldwork, analyse data, and interpret results on animal activity obtained with acoustic telemetry.
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Assessing the contribution to overfishing of small- and large-scale fisheries in two marine regions as determined by the weight of evidence approach
(Elsevier, 2021-09-15) Cánovas Molina, Almudena; García Charton, José Antonio; García Frapolli, Eduardo; Ecología e Hidrología
Overfishing is taking place all over the world threatening marine ecosystems’ health and associated livelihoods. Correctly identifying the drivers of overexploitation are crucial to guide effective fishery measures. In the present study the distinct contribution to overfishing of large-scale fisheries (LSF) and small-scale fisheries (SSF) in the Gulf of California and in the Mediterranean Sea has been compared. To accomplish the task, a weight of evidence approach has been applied based on a thorough literature review documenting overfishing. Results showed that both SSF and LSF shared responsibilities in overfishing in the two geographical locations considered, albeit with different contributions. In the Gulf of California, the weight of evidence revealed that overfishing was mainly driven by fishers engaged in SSF whereas in the Mediterranean, overfishing was mainly driven by LSF. In the Mediterranean, bycatch by LSF played a greater role than in the Gulf of California where, instead, a higher number of endemic overfished species were recorded. In order to attain fisheries sustainability some recommendations are given. In the Mediterranean, selective fishing practices and fishery policies that include input controls and catch limits are highly desirable. In the Gulf of California, the presence of governmental agencies and their services together with participatory management schemes should be reinforced in the region.
Open Access
Bloque 3. Memorias PEHSU Murcia 2014–2019. Aprendiendo a trabajar con otros hacia un modelo de salud planetaria
(Unidad de Salud Medioambiental Pediátrica (PEHSU Murcia), Servicio de Pediatría, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, IMIB-Arrixaca, Universidad de Murcia., 2020) Ortega García, Juan Antonio; Cirugía, Pediatría y Obstetricia y Ginecología; Facultades de la UMU::Facultad de Medicina
Serie documental que reúne las memorias de actividad de PEHSU Murcia entre 2014 y 2019, periodo de maduración organizativa, trabajo en red y evolución hacia un modelo explícito de salud planetaria. El bloque integra las memorias 2014–2016, presentadas bajo el lema “Aprendiendo a trabajar con Otros”, y 2017–2019, ya formuladas “Hacia un modelo de Salud Planetaria”. Documenta una estructura plenamente consolidada, integrada en el Servicio de Pediatría, el IMIB-Arrixaca y la Universidad de Murcia, con desarrollo avanzado de asistencia, formación, investigación, materiales divulgativos, gestión medioambiental, presencia en medios, página web, premios y reconocimientos.
Open Access
Comparing scavenging in marine and terrestrial ecosystems: a case study with fish and gull carcasses in a small Mediterranean island
(Elsevier, 2022-01-20) Redondo Gómez, Daniel; Quaggiotto, Maria Martina; Bailey, David Mark; Eguía, Sergio; Morales Reyes, Zebensui; López Pastor, Beatriz de las N.; Martín Vega, Daniel; Martínez-Carrasco Pleite, Carlos; Sebastián González, Esther; Sanchéz Zapata, José Antonio; Moleón, Marcos; Sanidad Animal; Facultades de la UMU::Facultad de Veterinaria
Open Access
Dataset used for Report of "Proteomic changes induced by hepcidin 1 injection in brain and skin of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata)"
(2025) Laura García-Navarro; Serna Duque, John Alberto; Marín Parra, Claudia; M. Ángeles Esteban; Biología Celular e Histología; M. Ángeles Esteban
The present study investigated the effects of hepcidin 1 (Hamp1) on the proteome of brain and skin of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata). Hepcidin 1, a host defense peptide with antimicrobial and immunomodulatory functions, was inyected intraperitoneally at a dose of 25 μM. Proteomic analyses of brain and skin samples were performed using HPLC-MS/MS at 4 and 10 days post-injection. Data processing and analysis revealed significant alterations in protein expression profiles in both tissues. In the brain, hepcidin 1 injection upregulated proteins involved in DNA repair, myelin sheath structure, and extracellular matrix remodeling at 4 days, while at 10 days, changes were observed in proteins involved in endoplasmic reticulum calcium channels, Golgi apparatus glycosylation, and cytoskeletal dynamics. Skin samples exhibited increased expression of proteins related to endoplasmic reticulum stress response, cell adhesion, and vesicular trafficking at 4 days. At 10 days, skin proteome alterations indicated a metabolic shift towards enhanced glycolysis, oxidative stress adaptation, and cytoskeletal remodeling. These findings suggest that hepcidin 1 induces tissue-specific and time-dependent proteomic changes in gilthead seabream, potentially modulating immune responses, energy metabolism, and cellular adaptation processes. Further research is needed to elucidate the functional implications of these proteomic alterations and their potential applications in aquaculture health management.
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Density-driven habitat use differences across fishing zones by predator fishes (Serranidae) in south-western Mediterranean rocky reefs
(Springer, 2019-12-05) Werner Hackradt, Carlos; Félix Hackradt, Fabiana Cézar; Treviño Otón, Jorge; Pérez Ruzafa, Ángel; García Charton, José Antonio; Ecología e Hidrología
The characterization of habitat use by predator species is crucial to understand its effect over fish distribution. We tested the hypothesis that fish density affects habitat use as well as influence on the relationships between top predators (groupers) and meso-predators (combers) by evaluating their distribution in and outside a marine reserve (MR) in SW Mediterranean Sea. All groupers showed significant higher densities inside MR. All species but Epinephelus costae (grouper) displayed a distinct microhabitat use between high- and low-density locations. When density is reduced, groupers occupied previously rejected microhabitats (shallow habitats) at MR, indicating the density-related distribution. Combers were negatively correlated and showed an opposite microhabitat-depth use demonstrating niche segregation. Groupers overlapped their spatial niche and were positively correlated probably due to food partitioning. We suggest the existence of cascading top-down effects on Serranus scriba (comber) population, at MR, reinforcing the importance of the protected areas for the recovery of top-predator populations and their key role on healthy ecosystem.
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El ODS 14: hacia una regulación de la pesca en alta mar para el siglo XXI
(Dykinson, 2021-06-01) Orihuela Calatayud, Esperanza; Marta Marcos Cardona y Voctoria Selma Penalva; Derecho Financiero, Internacional y Procesal; Norberto Miras Marín; Facultades de la UMU::Facultad de Derecho
Open Access
Estocolmo +50 y los océanos. Una gobernanza azul esquizoide necesitada de tratamiento urgente
( Publicacions URV, 2022-12-22) Orihuela Calatayud, Esperanza; Derecho Financiero, Internacional y Procesal; Facultad de Derecho
Conferencia de Estocolmo (1972)tuvo su repercusión en la protección del medio marinoy en la gobernanza azul establecida con esa finalidad. En este trabajo se analiza su incidencia en la Convención de las Naciones Unidas sobre el Derecho del Mar y los pasos andados con la intención de proteger los mares y océanos,tanto desde la perspectiva de la lucha contra la contaminación,como desde la relativa a la protección de la biodiversidad marina yla relacionada conlos nuevos desafíos planteados por el cambio climático. Un análisis que arrojaun balance negativo al que se ha querido buscar explicación, entre otras cosas,en la complejidad del medio marino, en el marco regulador compartimentado y en la heterogeneidad de la cooperación institucionalizada. Ahora bien, deberíamos ser conscientes de que el fracaso de las medidas establecidaspuede deberse a unaerrónea apreciación de la realidadcuya superación implica la necesidad de un sistema jurídico que reconozca derechos a la naturaleza y los proteja.
Open Access
Exceptionally high but still growing predatory reef fish biomass after 23 years of protection in a Marine Protected Area
(Public Library of Science, 2021-02-08) Rojo, Irene; Anadón, José Daniel; García Charton, José Antonio; Ecología e Hidrología
Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) help replenish fish assemblages, though different trophic levels may show diverse recovery patterns. Long-term protection is required to achieve total recovery but poaching events may prevent the achievement of full carrying capacity. Here, we have analysed the effect of long-term protection on the entire reef fish community and the different trophic levels in the Cabo de Palos-Islas Hormigas MPA (SE Spain; SW Mediterranean Sea) in order to assess their recovery patterns after 23 years of protection. We compared the values for carrying capacity obtained with the maximum values achieved at regional scale, and we assessed the effect of a reduction in the surveillance over a few years, during which poaching events increased, on the recovery patterns. We found that, overall, biomass of fishes increased with time while density diminished. In particular, piscivorous and macro-invertivore fish increased while the other trophic groups remained constant or declined, suggesting top-down processes. For the entire study period, those trophic groups were approaching carrying capacity; however, when accounting only for the period in which enforcement was high and constant, they grew exponentially, indicating that full carrying capacity may have not been achieved yet. When compared to other Mediterranean MPAs, the Cabo de Palos-Islas Hormigas MPA showed values for biomass that were disproportionately higher, suggesting that local factors, such as habitat structure and associated oceanographic processes, may be responsible for the dynamics found. Our results help to understand the potential trajectories of fish assemblages over a consolidated MPA and highlight empirically how the reduction of surveillance in a period may change the recovery patterns.
Open Access
Harnessing the healing power of nature: a review of natural interventions in substance abuse treatment and prevention
(Japanese Society for Hygiene, 2024) Francisco Díaz Martínez; Miguel Felipe Sánchez Sauco; Laura T Cabrera Rivera; Claudia Ortiz Fernández; Ortega García, Juan Antonio; Sánchez Sauco, Miguel Felipe; Orenes-Piñero, Esteban; Cirugía, Pediatría y Obstetricia y Ginecología; Facultades de la UMU::Facultad de Medicina
Background: Substance abuse is a global problem that cuts across all sectors of society and requires innovative solutions that go beyond conventional treatments. Contact with nature could be a complementary tool to address drug-related problems. This review aimed to assess the impact of natural environments on drug-related outcomes. Method: 8205 articles were screened between 2013 and 2023 from 6 databases, of which 21 met the inclusion criteria. Results: Most studies (12) focused on treatment, followed by incidence/consumption (7), prevention (5) and mortality (1). The main drugs studied were drugs in general (12), followed by alcohol (6), tobacco (6), and other drugs, including cannabis and opioids (4). The results of 85% of the studies showed positive outcomes, supporting the effectiveness of nature-based interventions for drug dependence. While some studies produced neutral or negative results. Conclusion: The use of nature-based interventions for the prevention and treatment of drug addiction shows considerable potential. However, more research is needed to understand the underlying mechanisms and to improve evidence-based interventions. Integrating health and environmental policies is essential to promote a holistic approach to drug strategies at the national and international levels.
Open Access
La caducidad de la información sobre medio ambiente. Noticias efímeras para el Mar Menor
(Comunicación Social Ediciones y Publicaciones, 2025) García López, Javier; Cáceres Zapatero, María Dolores; Comunicación; Jurado Martín, Montserrat; López Rico, Carmen María; Facultades de la UMU::Facultad de Comunicación y Documentación
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La gobernanza de mares y océanos y su contribución al desarrollo de la pesca sostenible. La lucha contra la pesca INDNR
(Tirant lo Blanch, 2021-11-10) Orihuela Calatayud, Esperanza; Derecho Financiero, Internacional y Procesal; Jiménez Pineda, Eduardo; Facultad de Derecho
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La protección de mares y océanos
(Tirant lo Blanch, 2025-09-01) Orihuela Calatayud, Esperanza; Derecho Financiero, Internacional y Procesal; Pigrau y Solé, Antonio; Campins Eritja, Mar; Facultad de Derecho
Este capítulo analiza la regulación internacional relacionada con la protección de mares y océanos, tanto desde la perspectiva de la Convención de las Naciones Unidas sobre el Derecho del Mar como de los principales Convenios medioambientales de las Naciones Unidas.
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Las sinergias entre los tribunales internacionales en la delimitación de los espacios marinos
(Wolters Kluwer, 2021-12-15) Orihuela Calatayud, Esperanza; Soledad Torrecuadrada Gracía-Lozano; Derecho Financiero, Internacional y Procesal; Hellman Moreno, J; Gil Gandía, C.; García Casas, M. y Menéndez Montero, V.; Facultades de la UMU::Facultad de Derecho
Este capítulo analiza las sinergias que se han producido entre tribunales internacionales (CIJ, TIDM y tribunales arbitrales) en materia de delimitación de espacios marinos y verifica la existencia de un procedimiento estándar en el trazado de las fronteras, aunque las peculiaridades de los diferentes casos individualicen las soluciones. Se ha detectado una mayor interacción de las decisiones de la CIJ en los demás tribunales, aunque, a la inversa, el resultado es diferente.
Open Access
Population exposure to particulate-matter and related mortality due to the Portuguese wildfires in October 2017 driven by storm Ophelia
(Elsevier, 2020-08-28) Augusto, Sofia; Ratola, Nuno; Tarín Carrasco, Patricia; Jiménez Guerrero, Pedro; Turco, Marco; Schuhmacher, Marta; Costa, Solange; Teixeira, J. P.; Costa, Carla; Física
In October 2017, hundreds of wildfires ravaged the forests of the north and centre of Portugal. The fires were fanned by strong winds as tropical storm Ophelia swept the Iberian coast, dragging up smoke (together with Saharan dust from north-western Africa) into higher western European latitudes. Here we analyse the long-range transport of particulate matter (PM10) and study associations between PM10 and short-term mortality in the Portuguese population exposed to PM10 due to the October 2017 wildfires, the worst fire sequence in the country over the last decades. We analysed space- and ground-level observations to track the smoke plume and dust trajectory over Portugal and Europe, and to access PM10 concentrations during the wildfires. The effects of PM10 on mortality were evaluated using satellite data for exposure and Poisson regression models. The smoke plume covered most western European countries (including Spain, France, Belgium and the Netherlands), and reached the United Kingdom, where the population was exposed in average to an additional PM10 level of 11.7 µg/m3 during seven smoky days (three with dust) in relation to the reference days (days without smoke or dust), revealing the impact of the wildfires on distant populations. In Portugal, the population was exposed in average to additional PM10 levels that varied from 16.2 to 120.6 µg/m3 in smoky days with dust and from 6.1 to 20.9 µg/m3 in dust-free smoky days. Results suggest that PM10 had a significant effect on the same day natural and cardiorespiratory mortalities during the month of October 2017. For every additional 10 µg/m3 of PM10, there was a 0.89% (95% confidence interval, CI, 0–1.77%) increase in the number of natural deaths and a 2.34% (95% CI, 0.99–3.66%) increase in the number of cardiorespiratory-related deaths. With rising temperatures and a higher frequency of storms due to climate change, PM from Iberian wildfires together with NW African dust will tend to be more often transported into Northern European countries, which may carry health threats to areas far from the ignition sites.
Open Access
Recurrent marine heatwaves threaten the resilience and viability of a key Mediterranean octocoral species
(Wiley, 2023-07-12) Orenes Salazar, Víctor; Navarro Martínez, Pedro Clemente; Ruiz, Juan Manuel; García Charton, José Antonio; Ecología e Hidrología
1. Long-term ecological studies are essential for understanding the resilience of temperate reefs to ocean warming and the response of their habitat-forming species to recurrent marine heatwaves (MHWs). 2. This study evaluated the long-term response (2005–2021) of the habitat-forming octocoral Eunicella singularis (Esper, 1791) to recurrent MHWs in a Mediterranean marine protected area established more than 25 years ago, where restrictions on fishing and diving activities are well enforced. 3. During the study period, there were two mass-mortality events (MMEs), in 2007 and 2018, that dramatically disrupted the local gorgonian population. The MMEs were triggered by different temperature dynamics, which ultimately led to differential patterns in mortality rates. 4. The record-breaking MHW in 2018 prompted one of the largest MMEs ever recorded in the Mediterranean Sea, which affected 75% of the individuals in the gorgonian population and killed 12.5% of colonies. 5. Furthermore, MHWs were detected in all years from 2014 to 2021, preventing injured tissues from fully recovering, leading to significant accumulated damage at the end of the study period (30 times higher than the levels prior to the first MME), and a marked decrease in resilience that threatens the population viability of this long-lived species. 6. The octocoral studied is one of the most important structural and biomass contributors to one of the most diverse Mediterranean communities. These results underscore the great risk that annual MHWs pose to the long-term integrity of the circalittoral rocky bottoms of the Mediterranean coasts. 7. In the face of climate change, MPAs must provide areas of reduced anthropic stress for gorgonian populations, enabling the restoration and maintenance of natural processes. Additionally, MPAs should serve as sentinel areas to test the effectiveness of coral restoration actions, which can help managers and scientists to estimate the usefulness of these techniques.
Open Access
Reviewing the ecosystem services, societal goods, and benefits of marine protected areas
(Frontiers Media, 2021-06-01) Marcos Diego, María Concepción; Díaz, David; Fietz, Katharina; Forcada, Aitor; Ford, Amanda; García Charton, José Antonio; Goñi, Raquel; Lenfant, Philippe; Mallol, Sandra; Mouillot, David; Pérez Marcos, María; Puebla, Oscar; Manel, Stephanie; Pérez Ruzafa, Ángel; Ecología e Hidrología
Marine protected areas (MPAs) are globally important environmental management tools that provide protection from the effects of human exploitation and activities, supporting the conservation of marine biological diversity, habitats, ecosystems and the processes they host, as well as resources in a broad sense. Consequently, they are also expected to manage and enhance marine ecosystem services and material, non-material, consumptive and non-consumptive goods, and benefits for humans. There is however certain confusion on what constitutes an ecosystem service, and it is not always easy to distinguish between them and societal benefits. The main nuance is that an ecosystem service is the aptitude an ecosystem has or develops naturally or as consequence of a management action, and that manifests through its own properties (productivity, diversity, stability, quality of its key parameters, etc.), while a societal benefit is the economic or other profitability (emotional, educational, scientific, etc.) that humans obtain from said service or quality. In this work, 268 publications, together with our own experiences in the different investigations carried out in the MPAs that are part of the BiodivERsA3-2015-21 RESERVEBENEFIT European project, have been selected, reviewed and discussed to analyze the knowledge status of the expected ecosystem services of MPAs and the societal benefits derived from them, sometimes providing information on their evidence, when they exist. We define and classify the effects of protection, ecosystem services and societal benefits and elaborate a conceptual model of the cause-effect relationships between them.
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Shifting baselines in a Mediterranean small-scale fishery
(Elsevier, 2019-09-24) Leitao, Pedro; Henriques, Sofia; Pérez Ibarra, Irene; García Charton, José Antonio; Trujillo, María; Vasconcelos, Rita P.; Ecología e Hidrología
The overexploitation of marine resources has led to a decrease in species abundance over time in many marine ecosystems worldwide. But as new fishers arise throughout the years, the perception of local abundance changes which might result in a “shifting baselines syndrome”. We investigated how the perception of fishers about species abundance changed through time (from 1970 to 2016) and space (five ports), through questionnaires in the small-scale/artisanal fisheries of Murcia, Spain. Two major results emerged, firstly species catches significantly decreased between the decades 1970–1990 and 2000–2016, possibly due to overfishing and habitat degradation. Catches of species with some particular functional traits decreased (96%) possibly due to lower plasticity or to a “fishing down the food web” effect. Secondly, some functional trait categories (very large size, deep water depth, large yearly displacements and very vagile) were the highest in the northern ports of San Pedro del Pinatar and Cartagena while Cabo de Palos had the highest values in species with solitary and territorial behaviour and vagile or sedentary mobility. Fishers’ perception of catch trends of commercial species seemed aligned with other sources of information for this area and might be key information in the absence of more quantitative information.
Open Access
The heart of the killer whale: description of a plastinated specimen and review of the available literature
(MDPI, 2022-01-31) Latorre Reviriego, Rafael Manuel; Graïc, Jean Marie; Raverty, Stephen A.; Soria Gálvez, Federico; Cozzi, Bruno; López Albors, Octavio Miguel; Anatomía y Anatomía Patológica Comparada
The killer whale (Orcinus orca, Linnaeus, 1958) is the largest extant delphinid. Despite its worldwide distribution in the wild and in dolphinariums, its anatomy remains relatively poorly described. In the present study, we describe the detailed morphology of a plastinated killer whale heart. The gross description of the arteries and veins reaching the organ and its coronary vessels are reported. Additional endoscopy and CT (computed tomography) scanning were performed to provide extensive measurements of its parts. In many aspects, the killer whale heart conformed to other delphinid heart descriptions, including position, relative size and shape and specific features such as extensive papillary muscles, trabecular endocardium and trabecula septomarginalis. These characteristics are representative of the delphinid family, suggesting that its functions and capacities are similar to that of other, smaller, dolphins and help understand the conditions in which these predators exert their remarkable physical performance necessary for their survival.

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