Browsing by Subject "Umbilical cord"
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- PublicationOpen AccessFactores perinatales asociados con los valores de pH de sangre de cordón umbilical(Murcia: Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Murcia, 2016) Hidalgo-Lopezosa, Pedro; Hidalgo-Maestre, María; Rodríguez Borrego, Mª Aurora; EnfermeríaRESUMEN Objetivo: El análisis del pH de sangre arterial de cordón umbilical sigue siendo un criterio objetivo usado para determinar el estado metabólico del recién nacido tras el parto, y por tanto del bienestar fetal. El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar los factores perinatales asociados con los valores de sangre arterial de cordón umbilical. Material y métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo y analítico entre Enero de 2010 y Enero de 2013 en un hospital de tercer nivel en el sur de España, con mujeres atendidas por parto. Los criterios de inclusión fueron: embarazo sin complicaciones y parto vaginal único, a término, con presentación cefálica. Las variables independientes con gran significación tras un análisis univariante fueron: edad, paridad, edad gestacional, analgesia epidural, plan de parto, episiotomía, duración de la primera fase del parto, y uso de oxitocina. Como variable dependiente se consideró: los valores de pH de sangre arterial de cordón umbilical (< = 7.24; > 7.24). El número total de mujeres fue de 165. El análisis estadístico se realizó mediante regresión logística múltiple. Resultados: La analgesia epidural y la edad gestacional mayor o igual a 41 semanas influyeron negativamente en el pH de cordón umbilical neonatal, mientras que haber presentado un plan de parto tuvo una influencia protectora. Conclusiones: Los hallazgos de este estudio proporcionan a los profesionales más evidencias sobre los elementos que pueden influenciar en el bienestar neonatal, con el fin de actuar en consecuencia, anticipándose a las situaciones de riesgo y aplicando una atención más eficaz.
- PublicationOpen AccessMesenchymal stromal cell therapy for damaged retinal ganglion cells, is gold all that glitters?(Wolters Kluwer – Medknow Publications, 2019-11-01) Lucas Ruiz, Fernando; Galindo Romero, Caridad; García Bernal, David; Norte Muñoz, María; Rodríguez Ramírez, Kristy T.; Salinas Navarro, Manuel Ángel; Millán Rivero, José E.; Vidal Sanz, Manuel; Agudo Barriuso, Marta; Anatomía Humana y PsicobiologíaMesenchymal stromal cells are an excellent source of stem cells because they are isolated from adult tissues or perinatal derivatives, avoiding the ethical concerns that encumber embryonic stem cells. In preclinical models, it has been shown that mesenchymal stromal cells have neuroprotective and immunomodulatory properties, both of which are ideal for central nervous system treatment and repair. Here we will review the current literature on mesenchymal stromal cells, focusing on bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells, adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cells and mesenchymal stromal cells from the umbilical cord stroma, i.e., Wharton’s jelly mesenchymal stromal cells. Finally, we will discuss the use of these cells to alleviate retinal ganglion cell degeneration following axonal trauma.
- PublicationOpen AccessMorphometric analysis of brain lesions in rat fetuses prenatally exposed to low-level lead acetate: correlation with lipid peroxidation(Murcia : F. Hernández, 2006) Villeda-Hernández, J.; Méndez Armenta, M.; Barroso-Moguel, R.; Trejo-Solis, M.C.; Guevara, J.; Rios, C.The effect of prenatal lead acetate exposure was studied microscopically together with the concentration of lead and lipid fluorescent products (LFP) in the brain of rat fetuses. Wistar rats were intoxicated with a lead solution containing either 160 or 320 ppm of lead acetate solution during 21 days through drinking water. The control group (ten rats) received deionized water for the same period. The rats were killed on gestation day 21 and fetuses were obtained; the placenta, umbilical cord and parietal cortex (Cx), striatum (St), thalamus (Th) and cerebellum (Ce) were collected for measuring tissue lead concentration, LFP as an index of lipid peroxidation and histopathologic examination. Lead contents were increased in placenta, umbilical cord, St, Th and Cx in both lead-exposed groups. Lead exposure increased (LFP) in placenta and umbilical cord, St, Th and Ce as compared to the control group. Histopathological examination showed severe vascular congestion in placenta, the Cx, St, Th and Ce with hyperchromatic and shrunken cells. Interstitial oedema was found in all regions studied of both lead exposed groups. The morphometric evaluation of the studied brain regions showed an absolute decrease in total cell number and increased number of damaged cells and interstitial oedema. Our results show that morphological changes in rat brain are correlated with increased lipid peroxidation, and the lead levels of the umbilical cord, however it is not clear whether oxidative stress is the cause or the consequence of these neurotoxic effects of lead.
- PublicationOpen AccessMorphometric study of the umbilical cord in in-vitro-derived pigs(Springer, 2022-09-15) Álvarez Martín, Úrsula; Coy, Pilar; Romar Andrés, Raquel; Párraga Ros, Ester; Seva Alcaraz, Juan; FisiologíaThe umbilical cord is the vital fetus-placenta connection and represents one of the greatest sources of precursor cells. Histologically it is a single amniotic epithelium that encloses a mucoid connective tissue, and a vein and two arteries lacking tunica adventitia. Instead, there is a special mucoid connective tissue named Wharton’s Jelly (WJ) that is divided into a perivascular and an intermediate zone, the first being the most abundant in mesenchymal stromal cells. Morphological charac-teristics of the umbilical cord and its components have been related to fetal malformations, preterm birth and low birth weight. The objective of this study was to compare the WJ and the vascular area in the umbili-cal cord of pigs born from in-vitro- and in-vivo-produced embryos (the latter born by artificial insemination of sows; AI group). In-vitro embryos (IVP) were produced after insemination in-vitro of matured oocytes and further in-vitro culture up to blastocyst stage in media sup-plemented with (RF-IVP group) or without (C-IVP group) reproductive fluids (1% porcine oviductal fluid and 1% uterine fluid). Blastocysts produced were surgically transferred at day 7 post-in-vitro fertiliza-tion. After birth, umbilical cord samples of 15 animals (5 per group) were collected and productive parameters recorded. Samples were fixed (10% buffered formaldehyde solution) and paraffin-embedded. Complete sections of 5 μm thickness were stained (hematoxylin-eosin) and digitized with a Histech MIDI II 3D scanner at 0.172 pixels/μm. The virtual microscope SlideViewer 2.5 3D Histech was used for the digital analysis of the total umbilical area, the thickness of both WJ’s zones, and each vessel’s area. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA (SPSS Statistics 28) and the differences were compared by Tukey’s test (P<0.05). The thickness of the WJ-perivascular zone was significantly higher in the C-IVP group (AI: 572,4 ± 39,3 μm; C-IVP: 662,2 ± 42,3 μm; RF-IVP: 501,1 ± 35,7 μm), and was significantly correlated with piglet birth weight, placental weight and placental efficiency (Pear-son <0.05). No significant differences in the WJ-intermediate zone thickness, vascular and total umbilical areas were found. These results might be related to the subsequent development of pathophysiological changes in IVP animals during their growth.
- PublicationOpen AccessPluripotent stem cells isolated from umbilical cord form embryonic like bodies in a mesenchymal layer culture(F. Hernández y Juan F. Madrid. Universidad de Murcia: Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, 2015) Tsagias, Nikos; Kouzi-Koliakos, Kokkona; Karagianis, Vasileios; Tsikouras, P.; Koliakos, George G.Recently the matrix of umbilical cord began to use as an alternative source of stem cells additionally to the blood of umbilical cord. Umbilical cord has been used mainly for mesenchymal stem cell banking. The immunological characteristics of mesenchymal stem cells in combination with their ability to avoid rejection make them an attractive biological material for transplantations. In this study the isolation of small in size pluripotent stem cells from umbilical cord expressing early transcription factors with characteristics that resemble to embryonic stem cells is investigated. Pluripotent stem cells were isolated from human umbilical cords, by a new strategy method based on unique characteristics such as the small size and the positivity on early transcription factors OCT and Nanog. An enriched population of CXCR4+ OCT+ Nanog+ CD45- small stem cells from the cord was isolated. This fraction was able to create alkaline phosphatase positive like spheres forms in a mesenchymal layer with multilineage differentiation capacity. Our results were assessed by RT PCR and electophoresis for the pluripotent genes. These data suggest that umbilical cord provides an attractive source not only of mesenchymal stem cells but moreover of pluripotent stem cells. The method described herein should be applied in the field of stem cell banking in addition to the classical umbilical cord harvesting method. Isolation of a population of cells with pluripotent characteristics from umbilical cord. Adoption of a second centrifugation step for the pluripotent stem isolation. Increasing the value of the cord and explaining the pluripotency. This work will enhance the value of umbilical cord harvesting.
- PublicationOpen AccessThe impact of in vitro embryo production on placental and umbilical cord vascularization is minimized by the addition of reproductive fluids(Elsevier, 2023-09-15) Álvarez Martín, Úrsula; Coy, Pilar; Romar, Raquel; Párraga Ros, Ester; Seva Alcaraz, Juan; Anatomía y Anatomía Patológica ComparadasAnimals born from in-vitro-produced (IVP) embryos show changes in the placenta and umbilical cord vascularization. This study compares the placental and umbilical vascular morphometry in pigs (n = 19) born through artificial insemination (AI group) or after transfer of IVP embryos cultured with (RF-IVP group) or without (C-IVP group) reproductive fluids. The relationship between vascular parameters and animal growth during the first year of life was also analyzed. Samples were collected at birth, fixed, paraffin-embedded, cut in sections, stained, and photographed for vascular and morphometric analysis with ImageJ® and Slide Viewer®. The average daily weight gain was individually scored from birth to the first year of life. No differences were found in placental vascular morphometry among groups, except for the vascular area of small vessels (arterioles, venules, and small vessels) that was higher in the C-IVP group. Regarding the umbilical cord, the values for perimeter (AI: 26.40 ± 3.93 mm; IVP: 30.51 ± 4.74 mm), diameter (AI: 8.35 ± 1.01 mm; IVP: 10.26 ± 1.85 mm), area (AI: 43.18 ± 12.87; IVP: 56.61 ± 14.89 mm2), and Wharton's jelly area (AI: 36.86 ± 12.04 mm2; IVP 48.88 ± 12.80 mm2) were higher in IVP-derived than AI-derived animals, whereas arterial and venous morphometric data were similar between groups. A correlation study showed that placental and umbilical cord vascular phenotypes affect the further growth of pigs. In conclusion, assisted reproductive technologies impact small caliber vessels in the placenta and morphometric parameters in the umbilical cord. The addition of reproductive fluids in IVP-embryo contributes to reduce the differences with in vivo-derived animals.
- PublicationOpen AccessUltrasonography of pregnancy in Murciano-Granadina goat breed: fetal growth indices and umbilical artery Doppler parameters.(MDPI, 2023-02-09) Ramírez-González, D.; Poto, A.; Peinado, B.; Almela, L.; Navarro-Serna, S.; Ruiz, S.; FisiologíaThe evolution of some fetal growth indices (crown-rump length, trunk diameter, biparietal diameter and eye orbit diameter) and different blood flow parameters (arterial pulse, peak systolic velocity, end diastolic velocity, mean velocity, systolic velocity/diastolic velocity ratio and pulsatility and resistance indices) of the umbilical artery of the embryos and fetuses of primiparous pregnant goats of the Murciano-Granadina breed were analyzed by ultrasonography. Weekly ultrasonographic sessions took place from 18- to 125-days post-mating. Fetal measures were carried out by ultrasound B-mode. Spectral Doppler was used to study blood flow from umbilical artery. Umbilical cord was first noticed between 32- and 35-days post-mating. However, umbilical arterial blood flow parameters were not conclusive until 65–80 days of pregnancy. This is the first time that a detailed study of fetal growth indices and the umbilical artery blood flow rates in fetuses from Murciano-Granadina goats has been performed throughout virtually the entire duration of gestation, determining the evolution of these fetal growth parameters in this breed and how the velocimetric parameters are increasing significantly and the arterial pulse, systolic/diastolic ratio and pulsatility and resistance indices are decreasing significantly throughout the analyzed pregnancy period.
- PublicationOpen AccessUmbilical cord revisited: from Wharton’s jelly myofibroblasts to mesenchymal stem cells(F. Hernández y Juan F. Madrid. Universidad de Murcia. Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, 2013) Corrao, Simona; La Rocca, Giampiero; Lo Iacono, Melania; Corsello, Tiziana; Farina, Felicia; Anzalone, RitaThe umbilical cord (UC) is an essential part of the placenta, contributing to foetal development by ensuring the blood flow between mother and foetus. The UC is formed within the first weeks of gestation by the enclosure of the vessels (one vein and two arteries) into a bulk of mucous connective tissue, named Wharton’s jelly (WJ) and lined by the umbilical epithelium. Since their first identification, cells populating WJ were described as unusual fibroblasts (or myofibroblasts). Recent literature data further highlighted the functional interconnection between UC and the resident cells. The UC represents a reservoir of progenitor populations which are collectively grouped into MSCs (mesenchymal stem cells). Such cells have been sourced from each component of the cord, namely the subamnion layer, the WJ, the perivascular region, and the vessels. These cells mainly show adherence to the phenotype of adult MSCs (as bone marrow-derived ones) and can differentiate towards mature cell types belonging to all the three germ layers. In addition, cells from human UC are derived from an immunoprivileged organ, namely the placenta: in fact, its development and function depend on the elusion of the maternal immune response towards the semi-allogeneic embryo. This is reflected in the expression of immunomodulatory molecules by UC-derived MSCs. The present paper describes UC structural features and the cell types which can be derived, with a focus on their phenotype and the novel results which boosted the use of UC-derived cells for regenerative medicine applications.