Browsing by Subject "Rural area"

Now showing 1 - 5 of 5
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    Accesibilidad y conectividad geográfica en áreas rurales. Caso de la comuna de María Pinto, Chile
    (2018-03-02) Ubilla-Bravo, Gerardo
    En América Latina y especialmente en Chile, las áreas rurales son espacios que todavía presentan brechas de desarrollo en torno a la accesibilidad y la conectividad geográfica del territorio. La geografía puede aportar enfoques conceptuales y metodológicos para superar las brechas espaciales.Este artículo apunta a determinar y categorizar la accesibilidad y conectividad geográfica que tiene la población rural respecto de su centro urbano. Consideramos el estudio de caso como enfoque para analizar este tema, abordando de este modo la situación de la comuna de María Pinto, localizada en la Región Metropolitana de Santiago, Chile. Los objetivos que guían esta investigación son: caracterizar la red vial existente, determinar la conectividad y la accesibilidad geográfica intracomunal y determinar áreas homogéneas de accesibilidad en relación con el centro urbano de la comuna de María Pinto. En el método se usan los índices de Konig y de Shimbel para la conectividad, el índice de Rodeo para la accesibilidad y las superficies de fricción mediante una fórmula para calcular las áreas en isócronas. En la discusión y conclusiones planteamos la relevancia que estos conceptos tienen con la movilidad de la población rural como parte de las políticas de desarrollo.
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    El Campo de Murcia, un territorio de baja densidad de población en el Sureste de España
    (Universidad de Granada, ) Gil Meseguer, Encarnación; Bernabé Crespo, Miguel Borja; Gómez Espín, José María; Geografía
    El Campo de Murcia tradicionalmente ha sido un espacio de escaso poblamiento y, además, disperso. La principal actividad productiva, hasta mediados del siglo XX, era la agricultura de secano con baja productividad, de rendimientos aleatorios debido a la escasez e irregularidad de las precipitaciones. A finales del siglo XX, los avances técnicos en la extracción de aguas subterráneas y la llegada de las aguas del Trasvase Tajo – Segura posibilitan el riego y el desarrollo de cultivos hortofrutícolas de interés comercial. El cultivo, recolección y comercialización, especialmente de productos hortícolas, genera una demanda de mano de obra extranjera de origen norteafricano (inmigración laboral). La bonanza térmica y el bajo precio del suelo han potenciado desarrollos urbanísticos tipo “resort” y la generación de inmigración residencial, sobre todo de europeos. El objetivo es explicar cómo a pesar de la inmigración laboral y residencial de los primeros años del siglo XXI, continúa la baja densidad poblacional de este territorio (30,47 hab/km2), que contrasta con la elevada densidad de la Huerta de Murcia (884,02 hab/km2). Las fuentes utilizadas han sido los datos del Padrón Municipal de Habitantes del Centro Regional de Estadística de Murcia (CREM), de las Oficinas Comarcales Agrarias (OCA), datos de abastecimiento y saneamiento de aguas de las empresas EMUASA y ESAMUR, etc. y un amplio trabajo de campo con entrevistas a vecinos.
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    Las monedas romanas de Arjonilla (Jaén) y la circulación monetaria en el Alto Guadalquivir.
    (Revista Numismática Hécate, 2021) Fornell Muñoz, Alejandro; Ruiz López, Ildefonso David
    En este trabajo presentamos 21 monedas inéditas recuperadas en el transcurso de varias prospecciones realizadas en Arjonilla (Jaén). Éste, a priori, modesto conjunto que viene a aumentar el número de numismas frecuentemente hallados en el municipio, muestra variedad de tipos y una amplia cronología, lo cual le otorga un valor considerable para aproximarnos a los distintos aspectos relacionados con la movilidad pecuniaria de este territorio posiblemente vinculado al ager de Urgavo, constituyendo un reflejo de la circulación monetaria y el comercio que en general se produjo en el Alto Guadalquivir desde la República al Bajo Imperio.
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    Urban landscape and infection risk in free-roaming cats
    (Wiley, 2022-01-23) Candela, Mónica G.; Fanelli, Ángela; Carvalho, João; Serrano, Emmanuel; Domenech, Guillermo; Alonso, Francisco; Martínez Carrasco, Carlos; Enfermería
    Despite public concern on the role of free-roaming cats as reservoirs of zoonotic agents, little is known about the influence of urban and peri-urban landscapes on the exposure risk. We evaluated the seroprevalence of three zoonotic agents (Chlamydia felis, Coxiella burnetii and Toxoplasma gondii) in domestic cats (Felis catus). Two hundred and ninety-one free-roaming cats were trapped in Murcia municipality (Southeast Spain), and their sera were tested for specific antibodies against T. gondii using a modified agglutination test (MAT), and for C. felis, C. burnetii and feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) antibodies with ELISA technique. Pathogen seroprevalence at 95% CI was calculated for each sex and age category (up to and over 12 months) and compared with a chi-squared test. The role of human population density and urban landscape characteristics on the risk of pathogen exposure in the cat population was explored using generalized linear models. Seropositivity against a single pathogen was found in 60% of the cats, while 19% was seropositive for two or three pathogens. Seroprevalence of C. felis was 8% (CI95%: 5-11), 37% (CI95%: 31-42) for C. burnetii and 42% (CI95%: 36-47) for T. gondii. In addition to these three pathogens, FIV seropositivity was low (1%, CI95%: -0.1 to 2) and adult cats were more likely to be seropositive to C. burnetii than young individuals (OR: 2.3, CI95%: 1.2-4.2). No sex or age class differences in seroprevalence were observed for the rest of the pathogens. Seropositivity was correlated with water surface areas for C. felis, and not with crop areas. Coxiella burnetii seropositivity was correlated with the percentage of urban areas (continuous with only buildings and discontinuous, that include buildings, parks, and pedestrian and urban green areas), human population size and peri-urban areas with shrubs, and not correlated with other agricultural landscapes (orchards and crop areas). However, the seroprevalence of T. gondii was only associated with agricultural landscapes such as orchards. The detection of hotspot areas of high pathogen exposure risk is the basis for municipal services to implement surveillance and risk factor control campaigns in specific-risk areas, including (a) efficient health management of urban cat colonies by geographical location, population census and health status monitoring of the components of each cat colony, (b) improvement of hygiene and sanitary conditions at the feeding points of the cat colony and (c) free-roaming cat trapping for health monitoring and, in the long term, to know the evolution of the health status of their populations.
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    Urban landscape and infection risk in free-roaming cats
    (Wiley, 2022-02-07) Fanelli, A.; Carvalho, J.; Serrano, E.; Domenech, G.; Alonso, F.; Martinez-Carrasco, C.; González Candela, M.; Sanidad Animal; Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano, Bari, Italy; Department of Biology & Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal; Wildlife Ecology & Health group (WE&H) and Servei d'Ecopatologia de Fauna Salvatge (SEFaS), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Food Technology, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
    Despite public concern on the role of free-roaming cats as reservoirs of zoonotic agents, little is known about the influence of urban and peri-urban landscapes on the exposure risk. We evaluated the seroprevalence of three zoonotic agents (Chlamydia felis, Coxiella burnetii and Toxoplasma gondii) in domestic cats (Felis catus). Two hundred and ninety-one free-roaming cats were trapped in Murcia municipality (Southeast Spain), and their sera were tested for specific antibodies against T. gondii using a modified agglutination test (MAT), and for C. felis, C. burnetii and feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) antibodies with ELISA technique. Pathogen seroprevalence at 95% CI was calculated for each sex and age category (up to and over 12 months) and compared with a chi-squared test. The role of human population density and urban landscape characteristics on the risk of pathogen exposure in the cat population was explored using generalized linear models. Seropositivity against a single pathogen was found in 60% of the cats, while 19% was seropositive for two or three pathogens. Seroprevalence of C. felis was 8% (CI95%: 5–11), 37% (CI95%: 31–42) for C. burnetii and 42% (CI95%: 36–47) for T. gondii. In addition to these three pathogens, FIV seropositivity was low (1%, CI95%: −0.1 to 2) and adult cats were more likely to be seropositive to C. burnetii than young individuals (OR: 2.3, CI95%: 1.2–4.2). No sex or age class differences in seroprevalence were observed for the rest of the pathogens. Seropositivity was correlated with water surface areas for C. felis, and not with crop areas. Coxiella burnetii seropositivity was correlated with the percentage of urban areas (continuous with only buildings and discontinuous, that include buildings, parks, and pedestrian and urban green areas), human population size and peri-urban areas with shrubs, and not correlated with other agricultural landscapes (orchards and crop areas). However, the seroprevalence of T. gondii was only associated with agricultural landscapes such as orchards. The detection of hotspot areas of high pathogen exposure risk is the basis for municipal services to implement surveillance and risk factor control campaigns in specific-risk areas, including (a) efficient health management of urban cat colonies by geographical location, population census and health status monitoring of the components of each cat colony, (b) improvement of hygiene and sanitary conditions at the feeding points of the cat colony and (c) free-roaming cat trapping for health monitoring and, in the long term, to know the evolution of the health status of their populations.