Browsing by Subject "Pupil"

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    La Escala Observacional de Memoria Operativa (EOMO) como instrumento eficaz en la prevención y detección de dificultades de aprendizaje
    (Universidad de Murcia. Servicio de Publicaciones, 2020) Gutiérrez Sánchez, Marta; Vidal Valenzuela, Sergio
    El presente trabajo propone una optimización de los procesos de prevención y detección de dificultades de aprendizaje en el contexto educativo mediante el estudio de la relación que la Escala Observacional de Memoria Operativa (EOMO) muestra con medidas de la eficacia lectora, comprensión lectora, rendimiento matemático y rendimiento académico. Para ello, se estudió una muestra incidental de 636 alumnos de educación primaria, pertenecientes a centros educativos de la comarca de Cartagena. Los datos mostraron relaciones significativas de la EOMO con las diferentes variables medidas, y en el sentido esperado. Los resultados indicaron que la EOMO puede ser una herramienta de filtrado o screening que puede delimitar la muestra de alumnado que ha de ser valorada con mayor detalle, a fin de prevenir o detectar dificultades de aprendizaje.
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    Relationship between human pupillary light reflex and circadian system status
    (Public Library of Science, 2016-09-16) Bonmati-Carrión, María Ángeles; Hild, Konstanze; Isherwood, Cheryl; Sweeney, Stephen J.; Revell, Victoria L.; Skene, Debra J.; Rol, Maria Ángeles; Madrid, Juan Antonio; Anatomía Humana y Psicobiología
    Intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs), whose photopigment melanopsin has a peak of sensitivity in the short wavelength range of the spectrum, constitute a common light input pathway to the olivary pretectal nucleus (OPN), the pupillary light reflex (PLR) regulatory centre, and to the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN), the major pacemaker of the circadian system. Thus, evaluating PLR under short wavelength light (λmax 500 nm) and creating an integrated PLR parameter, as a possible tool to indirectly assess the status of the circadian system, becomes of interest. Nine monochromatic, photon-matched light stimuli (300 s), in 10 nm increments from λmax 420 to 500 nm were administered to 15 healthy young participants (8 females), analyzing: i) the PLR; ii) wrist temperature (WT) and motor activity rhythms (WA), iii) light exposure (L) pattern and iv) diurnal preference (HorneÖstberg), sleep quality (Pittsburgh) and daytime sleepiness (Epworth). Linear correlations between the different PLR parameters and circadian status index obtained from WT, WA and L recordings and scores from questionnaires were calculated. In summary, we found markers of robust circadian rhythms, namely high stability, reduced fragmentation, high amplitude, phase advance and low internal desynchronization, were correlated with a reduced PLR to 460–490 nm wavelengths. Integrated circadian (CSI) and PLR (cp-PLR) parameters are proposed, that also showed an inverse correlation. These results demonstrate, for the first time, the existence of a close relationship between the circadian system robustness and the pupillary reflex response, two non-visual functions primarily under melanopsin-ipRGC input.