Browsing by Subject "Prognostic factors"

Now showing 1 - 6 of 6
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    A brief review of chordomas: pathogenesis, prognostic factors and therapeutic targets
    (Universidad de Murcia. Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, 2019) Hai, Bao; Ma, Yunlong; Liu, Xiaoguang
    Chordomas are rare but locally aggressive cancer, which originate from primitive notochord remnants. Guidelines have recently been proposed to include the option of choosing chordomas in different locations. However, there is still a great challenge in the modern management of chordomas, primarily due to the high recurrence rate and poor prognosis. On this basis, there is a high demand for new therapeutic approaches and reliable prognostic factors. Recent progress in studying the molecular basis of this specific type of cancer has deepened the understanding of this mechanism, which overall facilitates the discovery of specific biomarkers or indicators of the disease. It also gives rise to potential targeted therapies against chordomas as evidenced by the fact that some RTK inhibitors in a clinical context have been evaluated in relation to chordomas. This article summarizes these achievements including the studies relative to pathogenesis, prognostic factors, and targeted therapies for chordomas. The theme of existing problems is also mentioned, which would facilitate general future efforts in this field.
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    CK20 and lymph node involvement predict adverse outcome of malignant intraductal papillary neoplasm of the bile duct
    (Universidad de Murcia, Departamento de Biologia Celular e Histiologia, 2020) Shi, Jie; Wan, Xueshuai; Xie, Yuan; Lin, Jianzhen; Long, Junyu; Xu, Weiyu; Liang, Zhiyong; Sang, Xinting; Zhao, Haitao
    Objectives. To identify prognostic factors of malignant intraductal papillary neoplasm of the bile duct (m-IPNB). Materials and Methods. We included 38 consecutive cases which underwent surgical resection and diagnosed as IPNB with malignant component from January 2003 to January 2017. Clinicopathological variables were collected to conduct survival analysis and identify prognostic factors. Results. The median overall survival (OS) of m- IPNB was 76.0 months, with 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival rates of 97.2%, 73.5%, and 59.8%, respectively. The median recurrence-free survival (RFS) was 48.0 months with 1-, 3-, and 5-year RFS rate was 83.2%, 59.8%, and 44.6%, respectively. Univariate analysis showed that elevation of carcinoembrionic antigen (CEA), lymph node involvement, resection margin status, degree of periductal invasion, and positive expression of CK20 were associated with both OS and RFS of m-IPNB. After multivariate Cox models analysis, lymph node involvement and positive expression of CK20 were identified as independent prognostic factors for OS, while lymph node involvement and resection margin status were independent prognostic factors for RFS. The median OS of patients with m-IPNB involving lymphatic metastases and positive expression of CK20 was 27.0±8.8 months and 51.0±12.4 months, respectively. The median RFS of cases with lymph node involvement and R1 resection was 10.0±3.3 months and 25.0±6.9 months, respectively. However, there was no significant difference in OS or RFS between cases of pancreaticobiliary and intestinal subtype. Conclusions. Lymph node involvement and positive expression of CK20 are independent prognostic factors for shorter OS of m-IPNB, while patients with lymph node involvement and positive resection margin are at higher risk of tumor recurrence.
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    Immunohistochemical analysis of thymidylate synthase expression in gastric carcinoma: correlation with clinicopathological parameters and survival
    (Universidad de Murcia. Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, 2017) Rogoza Mateja, Wiesława; Domagala, Pawel; Kaczmarczyk, Mariusz; Mieżyńska Kurtycz, Joanna; Ławniczak, Małgorzata; Sulżyc Bielicka, Violetta; Bielicki, Dariusz; Karpińska Kaczmarczyk, Katarzyna; Domagala, Wenancjusz
    The correlation of thymidylate synthase (TS) expression in gastric cancers with tumor histology and prognostic or predictive information remains unclear. Most studies have involved Asian populations, with few conducted in European cohorts. Moreover, all published studies analyze TS expression using semi-quantitative methods. This retrospective study evaluated the association of TS expression in tumor cells with gastric carcinoma histological type, with selected clinicopathological parameters, and with the prognosis of patients who underwent surgical treatment. TS expression was detected using immunochemistry and objectively assessed by computerized image analysis of tumor cells in 100 gastric cancers. We found that high TS expression was significantly more common in intestinal than in diffuse type of gastric cancer according to Lauren classification (P=0.0003); in type I carcinomas compared to type IV according to Goseki classification (P=0.002); and in gastric cancers in men than women (P=0.04). Low TS expression was found more often in carcinomas in the middle and lower third of the stomach than in cancers in the upper third of the stomach (P=0.009 and P=0.001, respectively). In the subgroup of 25 patients without lymph node metastases (stage I+II), high TS expression was associated with better DFS (83% for high TS expression versus 38,5% for low TS expression, P=0.03). The results: (1) indicate significant correlation between the Lauren and Goseki histopathological classifications of gastric cancer and TS expression in tumor cells, (2) suggest that high TS expression may be a positive prognostic marker with regard to DFS in patients with gastric cancer without involvement of regional lymph nodes who underwent radical surgical treatment and were not treated with preoperative chemotherapy. Prognostic results need confirmation in larger cohorts.
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    Potential use of spectral image analysis for the quantitative evaluation of estrogen receptors in breast cancer
    (Murcia : F. Hernández, 2000) Rothmann, C.; Barshack, I.; Gil, A.; Goldberg, I.; Kopolovic, J.; Malik, Z.
    Evaluation of estrogen receptor (ER) content is an important factor in the choice of therapy and prognosis of breast cancer patients. In this study, we demonstrate a new spectral image analysis technique for objective and quantitative evaluations of stained specimens. The SpectraCubeTM system was used to analyze nuclear antigens in thirteen cases of breast cancer stained by the immunoperoxidase method with hematoxylin counterstain. Spectral imaging segregated the spectrum of diaminobenzidine (DAB) from the background color of hematoxylin and a spectral index was calculated. The spectral index essentially agreed with the pathologist's index (on a scale of 0 to 3) in seven out of the thirteen cases. A substantial number of ER positive pixels was detected in the two cases scored as 0 by the pathologist's index. In a test case scored as 1 by the pathologist's index we detected a significant number of pixels, representing 47% of the nuclei, with DAB-intensity values higher than the cut-off value of 1.2. These data suggest that spectral image analysis is a sensitive method providing intensive information with high reproducibility. Our spectral imaging method is highly flexible, enabling the user to define the spatial resolution of the analyzed specimen by choosing the number of pixels per one nucleus.
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    Prognostic factors in renal cell carcinoma
    (Murcia : F. Hernández, 1986) Eker, Reidar; Nesland, Jahn M.; Andersen, Aage; Johannessen, Jan Vicents
    We studied 569 cases of renal cell carcinoma in the file5 of the Department of Pathology of the Nor~vegian Radium Hospital from 1964 to 1974. A nephrectorny had been perfornied in all cases. Clinical information on sex, age, survival time and metastases was traced. The histological slides were examined and turnour growth pattern, cell type, cell shape, nuclear atypia, abnormal nucleoli, nuclear grade, va s c~~l ainrv asion and tumour demarcation mere all evaluated. Besides well-known prognostic factors j ~ ~ cash t uniour stage, presence or absence of metastases and vascular invasion, nuclear grade \sas found to be a useful prognostic factor. Younger patients were found to do better than older, and women better than men. Smaller tumours carried a better prognosis than larger and clear cell turnours had a better prognosis than those composed of eosinophilic or basophilic cells. The presence of spindle cells was a bad prognostic omen.
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    Receptor activator of nuclear factor-kB ligand -RANKL- as a novel prognostic marker in prostate carcinoma
    (Murcia : F. Hernández, 2008) Pérez-Martínez, Francisco C.; Alonso, Verónica; Sarasa, José L.; Manzarbeitia, Félix; Vela-Navarrete, Remigio; Calahorra, Francisco J.; Esbrit, Pedro
    Combined immunodetection of parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) and receptor activator of NF-kB ligand (RANKL) has shown to successfully distinguish poorly- and well-differentiated prostate carcinoma (PCa). In the present study, we aimed to assess whether immunohistochemical evaluation of these factors, and also osteoprotegerin (OPG) and Ki67, in radical prostatectomy specimens can predict biochemical recurrence. Fifty nine PCa cases undergoing radical prostatectomy between 1995 and 1998, without history of neoadjuvant hormonal therapy, were studied. Preoperative serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA), Gleason-sum score, pathologic stage, perineural invasion, seminal vesicle involvement, and positive surgical margins were assessed in these patients. Biochemical recurrence, defined by PSA > 0.4 ng/mL at 90 days or later after prostatectomy, occurred in 32/59 patients. In these patients, positivity for OPG and RANKL in the tumoral epithelium was higher than in those patients with no biochemical recurrence. Using univariate analysis, Gleason-sum score, surgical margins, and seminal vesicle involvement, as well as OPG and RANKL immunostaining (using a score value corresponding to moderate staining as cut-off) were significant predictors of biochemical recurrence (p<0.05). Using the multivariate Cox model, among the evaluated factors only RANKL expression (hazard ratio 11.6; p <0.001) was an independent prognostic indicator. Our findings suggest that immunohistochemical evaluation of RANKL in the primary tumor is a potential risk factor in PCa patients.