Browsing by Subject "Plasma cell"
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- PublicationOpen AccessFrequent expression of haemopoietic and non-haemopoietic antigens by reactive plasma cells: an immunohistochemical study using formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1999) Beschorner, R.; Horny, H.P.; Petruch, U.R.; Kaiserling, E.Unlike other B cells, plasma cells (PC) react with only a few antibodies against haemopoietic antigens. We investigated 36 specimens exhibiting a reactive increase in PC numbers (i.e. plasmacytosis, PC hyperplasia) with a broad panel of antibodies suitable for use on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue, and compared the findings with those obtained in 51 cases of multiple myeloma (plasmacytoma). Regardless of the immunostaining pattern for immunoglobulin light and heavy chains, reactive PC reacted with at least two and at most six of seventeen antibodies detecting haemopoietic antigens [Ber- H2lCD30 (91%), anti-leucocyte common antigen (LCA)/CD45 (86%), KP1lCD68 (64%), MB2 (57%), 4KB51CD45RA (37%), DF-TllCD43 (28%), UCHL11 CD45RO (20%), L26lCD20 (17%), MT2 (14%) and Mac387 (g%)], and with at least one and at most four of six antibodies against non-haemopoietic antigens [antiepithelia1 membrane antigen (EMA) (94%), antivimentin (77%), anti-pan-cytokeratinIKL1 (74%), BMA120 (51%) and HMB45 (14%)]. Five antibodies stained reactive PC significantly more often than neoplastic PC: Ber-H2lCD30 (ps 0.0000), KPllCD68 (ps 0.0000), anti-LCAlCD4.5 (ps 0.0000), anti-EMA (p5 0.0339) and anti-pancytokeratinIKL1 (ps 0.0000). The more frequent and more heterogeneous expression of antigens by reactive PC suggests that the aberrant immunoreactivity of neoplastic PC in plasmacytoma is not due to the process of malignant transformation in an early step of B-cell differentiation, but could reflect the heterogeneity of antigen expression by normal PC.
- PublicationOpen AccessMemory B cells and CD27(Murcia : F. Hernández, 2000) Agematsu, K.Following antigen activation in germinal centers, B cells develop into memory B cells or plasma cells. Triggering via B-cell immunoglobulin receptors by antigens, cytokines and direct cell-to-cell contact by B and T cells plays an important role in the B cell differentiation into memory or plasma cells. Adult human peripheral blood B cells are separated into three subtypes by the expression of IgD and CD27, which belong to the tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) family: IgD+ CD27- naive B cells, IgDt CD27t and IgD- CD27t B cells. CD27+ B cells are larger cells with abundant cytoplasm carrying somatic hypermutation, and have an ability to produce immunoglobulin, indicating that CD27 is a memory marker of B cells. The ligation of CD27 yields crucial signals that positively control the entry of B cells into the pathway to plasma cells. We review observations on subpopulations and differentiation of mature B-cells by TIB cell interaction via CD27lCD70 as compared with CD40lCD154 interaction, and discuss about memory B cells.
- PublicationOpen AccessMUC1 (EMA) expressing plasma cells in bone marrow infiltrated by plasma cell myeloma(Murcia : F. Hernández, 2007) Baldus, S.E.; Palmen, C.; Thiele, J.MUC1 (also called: epithelial membrane antigen, EMA) represents a mucin molecule strongly expressed in various epithelia and epithelial neoplasms. Its expression correlates with clinical and pathological factors as well as prognosis in some tumor types. Additionally, MUC1 was detected in normal haematopoietic cell lines and neoplasms, especially subgroups of human lymphomas including plasma cell myeloma. Therefore, the expression of MUC1 in trephine biopsies exhibiting infiltrates of plasma cell myeloma were investigated immunohistochemically. An immunoreactivity of two monoclonal antibodies (EMA and HMFG-2) was observed in about 50% of the cases. In cases exhibiting a so-called packed marrow, EMA immunoreactivity was reduced. However, MUC1 positivity did not correlate with the cytologic grade of differentiation, the fibre content of the marrow, or survival probability of the patients. However, its strong expression in a certain percentage of cases of plasma cell myeloma may be of therapeutic impact, since new therapeutic strategies include the enrichment of MUC1- specific T cells or MUC1 vaccination.
- PublicationOpen AccessPathology and terminology of interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome: A review(Universidad de Murcia. Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, 2019) Akiyama, Yoshiyuki; Homma, Yukio; Maeda, DaichiInterstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS) is an umbrella term of chronic debilitating conditions of unknown etiology characterized by symptoms of lower urinary tract hypersensitivity such as bladder pain/discomfort, urgency, and urinary frequency. The pathological features of IC/BPS have been generally reported as non-specific chronic inflammatory changes, with mast cell infiltration as a potential key finding. However, growing evidence reveals a histological distinction between IC/BPS with Hunner lesions and IC/BPS without Hunner lesions, and also sheds doubt on the diagnostic value of the mast cell count. Specifically, IC/BPS with Hunner lesions is an inflammatory disorder characterized by pancystitis with B cell abnormalities and epithelial denudation, while IC/BPS without Hunner lesions shows minimal histological changes. The umbrella term “IC/BPS” connects totally distinct clinical entities. Pathological evaluation thus plays an important role in the precise subtyping and clinical management of IC/BPS. In addition, terminology should be developed to refer separately to IC/BPS with Hunner lesions and IC/BPS without Hunner lesions
- PublicationOpen AccessPlasma cell quantification in bone marrow by computer-assisted image analysis(Murcia : F. Hernández, 2006) Went, P.; Mayer, S.; Oberholzer, M.; Dirnhofer, S.Background: Minor and major criteria for the diagnosis of multiple meloma according to the definition of the WHO classification include different categories of the bone marrow plasma cell count: a shift from the 10- 30% group to the >30% group equals a shift from a minor to a major criterium, while the <10% group does not contribute to the diagnosis. Plasma cell fraction in the bone marrow is therefore critical for the classification and optimal clinical management of patients with plasma cell dyscrasias. The aim of this study was (i) to establish a digital image analysis system able to quantify bone marrow plasma cells and (ii) to evaluate two quantification techniques in bone marrow trephines i.e. computer-assisted digital image analysis and conventional light-microscopic evaluation. The results were compared regarding inter-observer variation of the obtained results. Material and methods: Eighty-seven patients, 28 with multiple myeloma, 29 with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance, and 30 with reactive plasmocytosis were included in the study. Plasma cells in H&E- and CD138-stained slides were quantified by two investigators using light-microscopic estimation and computer-assisted digital analysis. The sets of results were correlated with rank correlation coefficients. Patients were categorized according to WHO criteria addressing the plasma cell content of the bone marrow (group 1: 0-10%, group 2: 11-30%, group 3: >30%), and the results compared by kappa statistics. Results: The degree of agreement in CD138-stained slides was higher for results obtained using the computer-assisted image analysis system compared to light microscopic evaluation (corr.coeff.=0.782), as was seen in the intra- (corr.coeff.=0.960) and inter-individual results correlations (corr.coeff.=0.899). Inter-observer agreement for categorized results (SM/PW: kappa 0.833) was in a high range. Conclusions: Computer-assisted image analysis demonstrated a higher reproducibility of bone marrow plasma cell quantification. This might be of critical importance for diagnosis, clinical management and prognostics when plasma cell numbers are low, which makes exact quantifications difficult.
- PublicationOpen AccessThe MHC-related protein 1 (MR1) is expressed by a subpopulation of CD38+, IgA+ cells in the human intestinal mucosa(Murcia : F. Hernández, 2009) Gozalbo López, Beatriz; Gomez del Moral, Manuel; Campos Martín, Yolanda; Setién, Fernando; Martín, Paloma; Bellas, Carmen; Regueiro, José R.; Martínez Naves, EduardoMHC-related 1 (MR1) molecule is a nonclassical member of the MHC class I family of proteins. The sequence homology between classical MHC class I molecules and MR1 is very high, although the MR1 gene is not polymorphic and is highly conserved between species. MR1 is the restriction molecule of a sub-population of T lymphocytes, which are CD4-,CD8- and display conserved TCR a chain. The function of these cells is currently unknown, but they are believed to have regulatory properties similar to those of the CD1d restricted NKT cells. The MR1 gene is ubiquitously transcribed; however it is unknown what types of cells express the MR1 protein “in vivo”. In the present work we analyzed the expression of the MR1 protein using specific antisera and monoclonal antibodies in different human cell lines, in primary cells and in mucosal tissues. We found some lymphoid cell lines that express MR1 on the cell surface but at levels much lower than the MR1 transfected cell lines. In addition, we observed that expression of MR1 in the mucosa is restricted to a subpopulation of plasma cells or plasmablasts, CD38+ or CD138+ and IgA+, located in the human intestinal mucosa. This suggests a function for MR1 in the development of IgA producing plasma cells.