Browsing by Subject "Phylogeny"
Now showing 1 - 13 of 13
Results Per Page
Sort Options
- PublicationEmbargoDidymodon schensianus (Pottiaceae, Bryophyta), a new combination for a widespread, but overlooked taxon in East Asia(Taylor and Francis Group, 2024-06-11) Jiménez, Juan A.; Cano, María J.; Inoue, Yuya; Biología VegetalBarbula schensiana, endemic to China is transferred to the genus Didymodon as D. schensianus. It is shown that B. schensiana and its variety longifolia has incorrectly been considered conspecific with Didymodon vinealis and D. constrictus, respectively. Examination of other type specimens from East Asia such as Didymodon guangdongensis, Barbula altipes, Barbula nipponica and B. nipponica var. gracilis revealed that are new synonyms of D. schensianus. The range of the species is extended to Japan, Taiwan and Philippines. The species is described, lectotypified, illustrated and its distribution is mapped. Its distinction from and relationships with, similar species are discussed.
- PublicationOpen AccessEnvironmental and morphological drivers of mutualistic plant–lizard interactions: a global review(2023-01-05) Justicia Correcher, Esther; Hervías Parejo, Sandra; Ruiz de Ybáñez Carnero, María del Rocío; Sauroy-Toucouére, Sohan; Traveset, Anna; Sanidad AnimalPlant–lizard interactions are still poorly studied, despite lizards are known to interact with flowering plants in many parts of the world. They are commonly reported on islands although the number of documented interactions has also increased in mainland, mostly in isolated environments. In this study, we first performed a global review to explore whether lizard–flower and lizard double mutualistic interactions in continents occur in environments similar to those of islands. Then, we aimed at explaining the factors driving the current distribution of such interactions worldwide. To do this, we considered four environmental factors (latitude, altitude, rainfall and temperature), and phylogeny and body size of lizards that may influence flower visitation. Furthermore, we investigated for the first time the functional role (legitimate visit versus florivory) of lizards in plant reproduction and the conditions under which each type of interaction occurs. Finally, we explored the factors influencing the distribution of lizard double mutualisms worldwide. We recorded a total of 452 lizard–flower interactions (ca 3.4% and 0.1% of the extant lizard and plant species, respectively). Lizard–flower interactions were more frequently recorded on islands (79%) regardless of phylogeny and lizard body size, whereas in mainland the number of interactions increased with altitude. Our analyses also revealed that only 20% of all interactions confirmed pollination effectiveness and a strong association of the type of interaction with environmental factors and species traits. Regarding the distribution of lizard double mutualisms, we found a positive effect of island and rainfall, but a decrease in their occurrence with latitude, altitude, temperature and body size. We predict that mutualistic plant–lizard interactions will be increasingly documented, especially in isolated environments (both on islands and continents), which will help us to better understand the biological patterns of this phenomenon and the mechanisms underlying them.
- PublicationEmbargoEvolution of the inflammatory response in vertebrates: fish TNF-α is a powerful activator of endothelial cells but hardly activates phagocytesRoca Soler, Francisco José; Mulero Méndez, Iván; López-Muñoz, Azucena; Sepulcre Cortés, María Pilar; Renshaw, Stephen A.; Meseguer Peñalver, J.; Mulero Méndez, Victoriano Francisco; Bioquímica y Biología Molecular B e InmunologíaTNF-α is conserved in all vertebrate classes and has been identified in all taxonomic groups of teleost fish. However, its biological activities and its role in infection are largely unknown. Using two complementary fish models, gilthead seabream and zebrafish, we report here that the main proinflammatory effects of fish TNF-α are mediated through the activation of endothelial cells. Thus, TNF-α promotes the expression of E-selectin and different CC and CXC chemokines in endothelial cells, thus explaining the recruitment and activation of phagocytes observed in vivo in both species. We also found that TLR ligands, and to some extent TNF-α, were able to increase the expression of MHC class II and CD83 in endothelial cells, which might suggest a role for fish endothelial cells and TNF-α in Ag presentation. Lastly, we found that TNF-α increases the susceptibility of the zebrafish to viral (spring viremia of carp virus) and bacterial (Streptococcus iniae) infections. Although the powerful actions of fish TNF-α on endothelial cells suggest that it might facilitate pathogen dissemination, it was found that TNF-α increased antiviral genes and, more importantly, had little effect on the viral load in early infection. In addition, the stimulation of ZF4 cells with TNF-α resulted in increased viral replication. Together, these results indicate that fish TNF-α displays different sorts of bioactivity to their mammalian counterparts and point to the complexity of the evolution that has taken place in the regulation of innate immunity by cytokines.
- PublicationEmbargoFirst description of gastrointestinal nematodes of Barbary sheep (Ammotragus lervia): the case of Camelostrongylus mentulatus as a paradigm of phylogenic and specific relationship between the parasite and its ancient host(Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht, 2013-04-25) Mayo, Elvira; Ortiz, Juana; Martínez Carrasco-Pleite, Carlos; Garijo, M. Magdalena; Espeso, Gerardo; Hervías, Sandra; Ruiz de Ybáñez Carnero, María del Rocío; Sanidad AnimalThe gastrointestinal helminth fauna of 24 Barbary sheep or Aoudad (Ammotragus lervia sahariensis) maintained in the Parque de Rescate de la Fauna Sahariana (PRFS, CSIC, Almeria, Spain) was analyzed. Most animals (87.5 %) were parasitized, and multiple infections were highly present. The following species were identified: Camelostrongylus mentulatus, Teladorsagia circumcincta, Marshallagia marshalli, Ostertagia ostertagi, O. leptospicularis, O. lyrata, Haemonchus contortus, Teladorsagia trifurcata, Trichostrongylus vitrinus, T. colubriformis, T. probolorus, T. capricola, Nematodirus spathiger, N. abnormalis, N. filicollis, N. helvetianus, Trichuris spp. and Skrjabinema ovis. Teladorsagia circumcincta was the most prevalent nematode in abomasum (52.6 %) followed by C. mentulatus (50 %). However, this latter nematode had the greater mean intensity and abundance. In the small intestine, T. colubriformis and T. vitrinus had the highest prevalence (36.4 %); the last one showed also the greater mean intensity and abundance. It should be emphasized the presence of Skrjabinema ovis (prevalence 39.1 %) in the large intestine, showing the greater mean abundance and intensity, although with a low values. Camelostrongylus mentulatus could be the most primitive nematode of the family trichostrongylidae recovered in this study; attending to its high prevalence, mean abundance and mean intensity, the possible specificity between this parasite and the Aoudad is discussed.
- PublicationOpen AccessMorpho-anatomical variation and their phylogenetic implications in native and exotic species of Pinus L. growing in the Indian Himalayas(Universidad de Murcia. Servicio de publicaciones, 2020) Singh, Lav; Dixit, Pooja; Prakash Srivastava, Ravi; Pandey, Shivaraman; Chandra Verma, Praveen; Saxena, GauriSe realizó un estudio anatomico completo y detallada de agujas en diez especies de Pinus utilizando nueve rasgos morfológicos y anatómicos. Los datos pueden usarse como una herramienta para la identificación y clasificación de Pinus hasta el nivel de género y especie. También encontramos que la similitud y las diferencias en los rasgos anatómicos de la hoja respaldaban la filogenia molecular de Pinus realizada por varios investigadores.
PublicationOpen AccessPhylogeny and evolution of the genus Abax, a genetic and biosystematic approach (Carabidae, Pterostichini).(2025-02-02) Serrano, José; López-López, Alejandro; Colombetta, Giorgio; Brandmayr, Pietro; Zoología y Antropología FísicaAbstract A study of mitochondrial and nuclear markers of the genus Abax (Carabidae, Pterostichini) has been carried out to test hypotheses about its evolutionary history and to get an integrative taxonomical framework. Sequences of all putative species always made-up monophyletic clades. The subgenera Pterostichoabax (four species) and Abacopercus (monotypic) are likely natural taxa supported by all data. However, Pterostichoabax was found to be interspersed among the species of the nominal subgenus Abax, making it a polyphyletic taxon. Despite this problem, several clades of this subgenus that include two or more taxa seem to correspond to monophyletic lineages. Haplotype variation is seemingly related to the geographic origin of individuals of Abax parallelepipedus and Abax pyrenaeus and may correspond to current subspecies of both taxa. It has been corroborated hypotheses about a close relationship of species of the POBE group (A. pilleri, A. oblongus, A. baeninngeri, A. exaratus); between A. carinatus, A. pyrenaeus, and A. parallelus, the basal position of A. schueppeli and the monophyly of Pterostichoabax. Hypotheses about a close relationship between the species pairs schueppeli-carinatus, parallelepipedus-fiorii, and ovalis-parallelus (among others) are not supported by molecular results. The evolutionary history of the genus Abax has been traced back at least before Middle Tortonian (10.3 MYA). Successive lineage splits during the second half of the Miocene gave rise to main lineages with a rapid radiation during the Pleistocene. Lineage diversification included moderate ecological, behavioral and molecular changes accompanied with morphological conservatism and diversified geographic patterns.- PublicationOpen AccessPhylogeny of haplolepideous mosses - challenges and perspectives.(2012) Ros Espín, Rosa María; Werner, Olaf Franziskus; Stech, Michael; McDaniel, Stuart F; Hernández Maqueda, Rafael; Muñoz, Jesús; Quandt, Dietmar; Biología Vegetal
- PublicationEmbargoPost-transcriptional regulation of cytokine genes in fish: A role for conserved AU-rich elements located in the 3′-untranslated region of their mRNAs(Elsevier, 2006-04-03) Roca Soler, Francisco José; Cayuela Fuentes, Maria Luisa; Secombes, Chris. J.; Meseguer Peñalver, J.; Mulero Méndez, Victoriano Francisco; Bioquímica y Biología Molecular B e InmunologíaThe overproduction of cytokines, such us interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha), contributes to the pathological complications observed in many inflammatory diseases caused by bacterial endotoxins. The synthesis of these cytokines is tightly regulated at both transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. Post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression depends on specific cis-acting sequences and trans-acting factors. Thus, the presence of adenylate- and uridylate-rich (AU-rich) elements (AREs) has been described in the 3'-untranslated regions (UTRs) of many unstable mammalian mRNAs. Although, it represents the most widespread, phylogenetically conserved and efficient determinant of mRNA stability among those so far characterized in mammalian cells, no studies are available on the functional relevance of this sequence in non-mammalian vertebrates. In this contribution, we study the enzymatic activity of various luciferase reporter constructs, containing or lacking the 3'UTR of IL-1beta and TNFalpha from different fish species, and report the finding that bony fish AREs are able to decrease luciferase activity but are less potent than their mammalian counterparts. Surprisingly, the 3'UTR of the IL-1beta from the cartilaginous fish small spotted catshark had the greatest ability to decrease luciferase activity. Lastly, the functional significance of the above was confirmed by measuring the half-life of IL-1beta and TNFalpha mRNAs in gilthead seabream leukocytes by blocking transcription with actinomycin D. Both cytokine mRNAs were unstable with an estimated half-life of about 45 min in control and activated cells.
- PublicationEmbargoReappraisal of Barbula trifaria var. desertorum (J. Froehl.) S. Agnew (Pottiaceae, Bryophyta), based on morphological and molecular evidence(Borntraeger Science Publishers, 2022-01-04) Jiménez, Juan A.; Cano, María J.; Harald, Kürschner; Ronald, Porley; Guerra, Juan; Biología VegetalBarbula trifaria var. desertorum, known from SW Asia and southern Italy, has been considered a synonym of Didymodon luridus or a synonym of D. rigidulus. To elucidate its systematic position, we conducted phylogenetic analyses of nuclear ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and plastid (atpB-rbcL, trnL-F, and trnG) sequences. Based on our morphological and phylogenetic results Barbula trifaria var. desertorum is transferred to the genus Didymodon and recognized at species rank as D. desertorum. The range of this species is extended to most Mediterranean countries and the Canary Islands. The species is described and illustrated, its affinities are discussed and its geographical distribution is mapped.
- PublicationEmbargoSchistidium convergens (Grimmiaceae, Bryophyta), a new species from southern Spain and Morocco(Schweizerbart Science Publishers, 2019-04-25) Guerra, Juan; Jiménez-Martínez, Juan F.; Cano, María Jesús; Alonso García, Marta; Gallego, María Teresa; Biología VegetalSchistidium convergens is described as a new species from southern Spain and northern Morocco, based on morphological and molecular data. The species is fully described and illustrated, its affinities are discussed in detail, and its current distribution mapped. The species is distinguished morphologically by its usually smooth leaf margins, sometimes with short papillae towards the leaf apex, recurved from the leaf base to the apex on both sides, rectangular basal leaf cells, quadrate to short-rectangular, subhyaline basal marginal cells with slightly thickened transverse walls, and irregular, isodiametric, quadrate to short rectangular, sometime oblate distal and medial exothecial cells. A table with characters to distinguish this species from S. apocarpum, the morphologically most similar species, and a phylogenetic analysis in order to detect relationships of the new species with nearby taxa based on the rDNA ITS region are provided. The new species is located in a clade with S. confertum, S. marginale and S. frigidum, among others.
- PublicationEmbargoThe colony-stimulating factor-1 receptor is a specific marker of macrophages from the bony fish gilthead seabream(Elsevier, 2005-08-30) Roca Soler, Francisco José; Sepulcre Cortés, María Pilar; Lopez-Castejón, Gloria; Meseguer Peñalver, J.; Mulero Méndez, Victoriano Francisco; Bioquímica y Biología Molecular B e InmunologíaWe report the molecular cloning of the colony-stimulating factor-1 receptor gene from the bony fish gilthead seabream (sbCSF-1R). The deduced sbCSF-1R shows a predicted signal sequence, a transmembrane domain and a tyrosine kinase domain, all in conserved positions. A transcript showing a premature stop codon that predicted the removal of 84 C-terminal amino acids was also found. RT-PCR expression studies demonstrate that, although the sbCSF-1R transcripts are found in different immune tissues, including gill, liver, spleen, blood, peritoneal exudate, thymus and head-kidney (HK), their expression is confined to the monocyte/macrophage lineage. Furthermore, the expression of sbCSF-1R might be modulated by the activation stage of the macrophages, since both the infection of fish and the in vitro activation of leukocytes resulted in the down-regulation of gene expression. These data indicate that the CSF-1R may be used as a specific probe for cells of the monocyte/macrophage lineage in the gilthead seabream, an immunological tractable fish model. In addition, the functional characterisation of the CSF-1R and its ligand may shed light into the mechanisms of proliferation and the pathways of differentiation of macrophages in bony fish.
- PublicationOpen AccessThe hemopoietic system, a phylogenetic approach(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1997) Galíndez, E.J.; Aggio, M.C.Nomadism is a true hemopoietic characteristic during vertebrate phylogeny and ontogeny. This work reviews the mechanisms and developmental steps of hemopoiesis, from a phylogenetic point of view. A summary of the principal hemopoietic «foci» along the evolutionary line is also presented.
- PublicationEmbargoUnveiling the smallest – systematics, classification and a new subfamily of featherwing beetles based on larval morphology (Coleoptera: Ptiliidae).(CSIRO Publishing, 2019) Sörensson, M.; Delgado, Juan A.; Zoología y Antropología Física