DigitalUM :: Browsing by Subject "Osteoporosis"

Browsing by Subject "Osteoporosis"

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Open Access
Asiatic acid improves high-fat-diet-induced osteoporosis in mice via regulating SIRT1/FOXO1 signaling and inhibiting oxidative stress
(Universidad de Murcia, Departamento de Biologia Celular e Histiologia, 2022) Chen, Xiaosi; Han, Dengpeng; Liu, Tianfeng; Huang, Chengshuo; Hu, Zibing; Tan, Xiaoyan; Wu, Shaoke
Asiatic acid can attenuate osteoporosis through suppressing adipogenic differentiation and osteoclastic differentiation. Oxidative stress enhances osteoclastic differentiation but represses osteogenic differentiation to promote osteoporosis. However, the role and mechanism of asiatic acid in osteoporosis have not been reported. Firstly, mice were fed with high-fatdiet (HFD) with or without asiatic acid for 16 weeks. Data from an automatic biochemical analyzer showed that HFD induced down-regulation of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and an increase of serum levels of triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL). However, asiatic acid administration attenuated the decrease of HDL and increase of serum TG, TC and LDL in osteoporotic mice. Secondly, HFD induced high levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and reactive oxygen species (ROS), low levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in osteoporotic mice. However, the levels of MDA, ROS, SOD and GSH-Px in osteoporotic mice were reversed by asiatic acid administration. (this section is unclear and requires revision) Asiatic acid administration reduced expression of c-telopeptide of type 1 collagen (CTX-1), enhanced alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and procollagen type 1 N-terminal propeptide (P1NP) in HFD-induced osteoporotic mice. (this section is unclear and requires revision) Thirdly, asiatic acid promoted calcium deposition in bone marrow cells and osteogenic differentiation in osteoporotic mice, but decreased ALP in bone marrow cells. Lastly, asiatic acid enhanced SIRT1 and nuclear FOXO1 (Nu-FOXO1) expression, while it reduced Acetyl FOXO1 (AcFOXO1) in osteoporotic mice. In conclusion, asiatic acid might inhibit oxidative stress and promote osteogenic differentiation through activating SIRT1/FOXO1 to attenuate HFD-induced osteoporosis in mice.
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Bone regeneration in critical-sized mandibular symphysis defects using bioceramics with or without bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in healthy, diabetic, osteoporotic, and diabetic-osteoporotic rats
(Elsevier SCI LTD, 2022) Camacho Alonso, Fabio; Tudela Mulero, M.R.; Pérez-Sayáns, M.; Mercado Díaz, A.M.; Navarro Cámara, José Antonio; Buendía Marín, Antonio Julián; Dermatología, Estomatología, Radiología y Medicina Física
Objectives: To compare new bone formation in mandibular critical-sized bone defects (CSBDs) in healthy, diabetic, osteoporotic, and diabetic-osteoporotic rats filled with bioceramics (BCs) with or without bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). Methods: A total of 64 adult female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into four groups (n = 16 per group): Group 1 healthy, Group 2 diabetic, Group 3 osteoporotic, and Group 4 diabetic-osteoporotic rats. Streptozotocin was used to induce type 1 diabetes in Group 2 and 4, while bilateral ovariectomy was used to induce osteoporosis in Group 3 and 4. The central portion of the rat mandibular symphysis was used as a physiological CSBD. In each group, eight defects were filled with BC (hydroxypatatite 60% and β-tricalcium phosphate 40%) alone and eight with BMSCs cultured on BC. The animals were sacrificed at 4 and 8 weeks, and the mandibles were processed for micro-computed tomography to analyze radiological union and bone mineral density (BMD); histological analysis of the bone union; and immunohistochemical analysis, which included immunoreactivity of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2). Results: In all groups (healthy, diabetics, osteoporotics, and diabetics-osteoporotics), the CSBDs filled with BC + BMSCs showed greater radiological bone union, BMD, histological bone union, and more VEGF and BMP-2 positivity, in comparison with CSBDs treated with BC alone (at 4 and 8 weeks).
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Bone union formation in the rat mandibular symphysis using hydroxyapatite with or without simvastatin: effects on healthy, diabetic, and osteoporotic rats
(Springer Heidelberg, 2020-01-11) Camacho Alonso, Fabio; Martínez Ortiz, C.; Plazas Buendía, L.; Mercado Díaz, A.M.; Vilaplana Vivo, C.; Merino, J.J:; Martínez Beneyto, Yolanda; Navarro Cámara, José Antonio; Buendía Marín, Antonio Julián; Dermatología, Estomatología, Radiología y Medicina Física
Objective The objective is to compare new bone formation in critical defects in healthy, diabetic, and osteoporotic rats filled with hydroxyapatite (HA) alone and HA combined with simvastatin (SV). Materials and methods A total of 48 adult female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into three groups (n = 16 per group): Group, 1 healthy; Group 2, diabetics; and Group 3, osteoporotics. Streptozotocin was used to induce type 1 diabetes in Group 2, while bilateral ovariectomy was used to induce osteoporosis in Group 3. The central portion of the rat mandibular symphysis was used as a physiological critical bone defect. In each group, eight defects were filled with HA alone and eightwithHA combined with SV. The animals were sacrificed at 4 and 8 weeks, and the mandibles were processed for micro-computed tomography to analyze radiological union and bone mineral density (BMD); histological analysis of the bone union; and immunohistochemical analysis, which included immunoreactivity of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2). Results In all groups (healthy, diabetics, and osteoporotics), the defects filled with HA+ SV presented greater radiological bone union, BMD, histological bone union, and more VEGF and BMP-2 positivity, in comparison with bone defects treated with HA alone. Conclusions Combined application ofHAand SVimproves bone regeneration in mandibular critical bone defects compared with application of HA alone in healthy, diabetic, and osteoporotic rats. Clinical relevance This studymight help to patients with osteoporosis or uncontrolled diabetes type 1, but future studies should be done.
Open Access
Cantidad de actividad física, nivel de independencia y densidad mineral ósea en mujeres mayores de 65 años de la localidad de Moratalla (Murcia)
(2014-01-29) Navarro Sánchez, María Dolores; Martínez González-Moro, Ignacio; Facultad de Medicina
Introducción. En los últimos años ha habido un aumento en la población de mayor edad. Con el envejecimiento aparecen una serie de enfermedades crónicas entre las que se encuentra la osteoporosis, que puede tener graves consecuencias para la salud y la calidad de vida de las personas mayores. La actividad física puede ser una herramienta que frene el deterioro óseo que ocurre con la edad. La fureza manual también puede ayudar a mantener o mejorar el estado de los huesos y la condición física. Objetivos. Se pretendió valorar la densidad mineral ósea (DMO) de mujeres mayores de 65 años, la fuerza de prensión manual y cuantificar la cantidad e intensidad de actividad física que realizan en su vida diaria determinando si cumplen las recomendaciones de actividad física saludable, y establecer una relación entre ellas. Metodología. La muestra se formó con 42 mujeres mayores de 65. La DMO fue valorada con un densitómetro accuDEXA. La cantidad e intensidad de actividad física se cuantificó con un acelerómetro triaxial (ActiGraph GT3X) durante cuatro días. La fuerza de prensión se determinó con un dinamómetro en ambas manos. El índice de masa corporal se halló con una báscula con tallímetro (Atlántida Año Sayol Barcelona). Otras variables relacionadas con la ingesta de terapia hormonal sustitutiva o el tipo de ejercicio se obtuvieron mediante una entrevista personal. Resultados. Veintidós mujeres presentaron una DMO normal; diecisiete, una DMO correspondiente a osteopenia; y tres una DMO de osteoporosis. La fuerza de prensión manual media fue de 22,05 kg para la mano derecha y 19,69 kg para la mano izquierda. La muestra realizó una media de 767,77 ± 271,7 counts, con una intensidad medida de actividad física sedentaria. Las variables que constituyen los datos sobre DMO correlacionan entre sí. Los counts de AF de la vida diaria se relacionan con los minutos de actividad física intensa y moderada. Y la fuerza isométrica de prensión manual tiene una relación inversa con la edad. Conclusiones. Las mujeres del estudio no cumplían con las recomendaciones saludables de actividad física. La mitad de la muestra tenía osteopenia y éstas realizaban más AF de intensidad baja, mientras que las que presentaban una DMO normal la realizaban intensa. Los valores de fuerza isométrica de prensión manual se encontraron dentro de los rangos normales para su edad y género. No se encontraron relaciones entre la DMO, la AF y la fuerza de prensión manual. Palabras clave: DMO, actividad física, acelerometría, envejecimiento, dinamómetro, fuerza de prensión manual. ABSTRACT Introduction. In recent years there has been an increase in the older population. With aging are a number of chronic diseases among which include osteoporosis, which can have serious consequences for health and quality of life of older people. Physical activity can be a tool to slow the bone loss that occurs with age. The manual also strength can help maintain or improve the condition of the bones and fitness. Objectives. It was intended to evaluate the bone mineral density (BMD) in women over 65 years, the grip strength and quantify the amount and intensity of physical activity they perform in their daily lives determining whether they meet the healthy physical activity recommendations, and establish a relationship. Methodology. The sample was formed by 42 women over 65. BMD was measured with a densitometer accuDEXA. The amount and intensity of physical activity was quantified with a triaxial accelerometer (ActiGraph GT3X) for four days. Grip strength was determined with a dynamometer in both hands. The body bone mass index was found with a scale with height rod (Atlantis Year Sayol Barcelona). Other variables related to the intake of hormone replacement therapy or the type of exercise was obtained by personal interview. Results. Twenty-two women had normal BMD seventeen, corresponding BMD to osteopenia and three BMD of osteoporosis. The average grip strength was 22.05 to 19.69 for right hand and left hand. The show made an average of 767,77 ± 271,7 counts , making further sedentary physical activity. Conclusions. Women in the study did not meet the recommendations for physical activity healthy. No relationships were found between BMD, PA and grip strength in the women studied, or according to their age, or their T -score, or in terms of physical activity daily or isometric handgrip strength. Variables DMO data are uncorrelated. The AF counts of daily life relate to the minutes of moderately intense physical activity. And the hand-grip isometric strength has an inverse relationship with age, so that older women have less strength. Keywords: BMD, physical activity, accelerometry, aging, dynamometer, hand grip strength.
Open Access
Disminución de los efectos genotóxicos, citotóxicos y radiosensibilizante de bisfosfonatos mediante antioxidantes : un modelo experimental
(2014-06-04) Olivares Rueda, Amparo; Alcaraz Baños, Miguel; Facultad de Medicina
Objetivos: los objetivos esta tesis doctoral son determinar los efectos genotóxicos y citotóxicos de los bisfosfonatos en combinación con la radiación ionizante, con el fin de evaluar un posible efecto tóxico sinérgico de ambos tratamientos y determinar un posible efecto protector de algunos antioxidantes que podría permitir un aumento del efecto terapéutico y/o de las dosis administradas. Metodología: el efecto genotóxico se estudió con el test de micronúcleos en linfocitos humanos bloqueados citocinéticamente antes y después de una irradiación de 2 Gy; mientras que el efecto citotóxico se estudió con un ensayo de viabilidad celular (MTT) en las líneas celulares normales de próstata PNT2, tumorales de próstasta TRAMP-C1 y de melanoma metastásico B16F10 antes y después de la exposición a diferentes dosis de rayos X (0-20 Gy) en tratamientos combinados con bisfosfonatos (ácido zoledrónico, ibandronato y pamidronato) y con antioxidantes (apigenina, carnosol y ácido rosmarínico). Resultados y Conclusiones: los bisfosfonatos presentaron un efecto citotóxico según la dosis administrada, destacando la capacidad genotóxica y citotóxica de ácido zoledronico; y un efecto citotóxico sinérgico en el tratamiento combinado de radiación ionizante con ácido zoledronico. La administración de ciertos antioxidantes junto con los bisfosfonatos reduce la toxicidad de estos. La administración de antioxidantes disminuye el efecto lesivo inducido por la radiación ionizante, comportándose como una sustancia radioprotectora tanto del tumor como de las células normales no tumorales. Sin embargo, el carnosol y el ácido rosmarínico mostraron un efecto paradójico en las células del melanoma, ya que se comportan como radiosensibilizadores en estas células, por lo que podrían permitir una nueva estrategia que implicaría un efecto radiosensibilizador en estas células tumorales, pero al mismo tiempo con un efecto radioprotector en el tejido normal adyacente incluido en el mismo campo de irradiación. ABSTRACT Objectives: the aims this Doctoral Thesis are determine the genotoxic and cytotoxic effects of bisphosphonates both separately and in combination with ionizing radiation, in order to assess the possible existence of a synergically toxic effect resultant from both therapies and determine the potentially protective effect of antioxidants against the toxicity induced by the bisphosphonates which might enable an increase in their therapeutic effect and/or the dose administered. Methods: the genotoxic effect was studied by means of the micronucleus test in cytokinesisblocked cells of human lymphocytes irradiated before and after a 2 Gy irradiation, while the cytotoxic effect was studied by a cell viability test (MTT) in the PNT2, TRAMP-C1 and B16F10 cell line before and after exposure to different X-ray doses (0–20 Gy) in the combined treatments with bisphosphonates (zoledronic acid, ibandronate and pamidronate) and antioxidants (apigenin, carnosol and rosmarinic acid). Results & Conclusions: the bisphosphonates tested present a dose-dependent cytotoxic effect, highlighting the genotoxic and cytotoxic capacity of zoledronic acid and a synergic cytotoxic effect exists in the combined treatment of ionizing radiation plus zoledronic acid, while the administration of certain antioxidants together with bisphosphonates reduces toxicity. The administration of certain antioxidants diminishes the toxic effects induced by the ionizing radiation, behaving in a radioprotective manner in both tumour and normal, non-tumour cells. However, carnosol and rosmarinic acid display a paradoxical effect in melanoma cells since they behave in a radiosensitizing manner in melanoma cells only and thus might allow for a new strategy involving a radiosensitizing effect in the aforementioned cells, yet at the same time a protective effect in normal adjacent tissue.
Open Access
Efectos de polifenoles sobre un modelo experimental de osteoporosis
(2014-12-03) Saura Pujante, Manuel José; Vicente Ortega, Vicente; Gómez García, Francisco José; Meseguer Olmo, Luis Ramón; Facultad de Medicina
Objetivos: El primer objetivo de nuestro trabajo fue desarrollar un modelo de osteoporosis secundaria a ovariectomía en ratas Sprague-Dawley. El segundo objetivo consistió en analizar el efecto de los compuestos fenólicos: Naringenina, Eriocitrina y Citrolive®, sobre el citado modelo. Material y Métodos: Utilizamos 50 animales distribuidas en cinco Grupos (n=10): (I) Control; (II) Control ovariectomía; (III) Ovariectomía + Naringenina (1mg/kg día), (IV) Ovariectomía + Eriocitrina (1mg/kg día) y (V) Ovariectomía + Citrolive®. (1mg/kg día). La ovariectomía realizada a los Grupos (II, III, IV y V) fue bilateral y tras cuatro meses de tratamiento, los animales fueron sacrificados para extraer las muestras. Durante el experimento se pesó a los animales periódicamente y se les extrajo sangre para el estudio bioquímico. Realizamos las siguientes determinaciones: bioquímica general, distribución de la masa ósea y cuantificación de la densidad mineral mediante microtomografía computerizada, estudio anatomo-patológico del grosor de las trabéculas óseas y ionómico de los componentes químicos del hueso mediante espectrofotometría. Resultados: En el estudio bioquímico, los niveles séricos de calcio y fósforo se mantuvieron estables en todos los Grupos experimentales mientras que los niveles de fosfatasa alcalina total fueron superiores en el Grupo (III) Naringenina y con valores muy parecidos al Grupo (I) Control en el resto de Grupos tratados. No obstante, los resultados más relevantes fueron observados a nivel óseo. Así, tanto el grosor como el volumen de las trabéculas óseas de los animales tratados, eran mayores, que los de los animales ovariectomizados no tratados, Grupo (II). Además, los animales, de los tres Grupos tratados sufrieron menor pérdida de los minerales que conforman la matriz ósea que los del Grupo (II) según el estudio ionómico. Conclusiones: Consideramos, que la administración de dichos compuestos ha demostrado efectividad, aunque de grado variable, sobre el modelo de osteoporosis desarrollado. No obstante, son necesarios futuros estudios que permitan clarificar su mecanismo de acción y seguir avanzando en su posible utilización en clínica humana. Objective: The first aim of this work was to develop an ovariectomized rat model of osteoporosis. The second objective was to analyse the effect of the phenolic compounds, Naringenia, Eriocitrin and Citrolive®, on that model. Materials and Methods: We used 50 animals distributed into 5 groups (n=10): (I) Control; (II) Ovariectomy control; (III) Ovariectomy + Naringenin (1mg/kg día), (IV) Ovariectomy + Eriocitrin (1mg/kg day) and (V) Ovariectomy + Citrolive® (1mg/kg day). Animals in groups (II, III, IV and V) were bilaterally ovareictomized. After 4 months of treatment, the animals were sacrificed to extract their femurs for analysis. Animal weight, general biochemistry, distribution of bone mass and quantification of mineral density by computerized microtomography, anatomical-pathological study of bone trabeculae and ionomic study of the chemical components of the bone by spectrophotometry, were carried out to determine the effects of the treatments on the animal model. Results: At the end of the experiment all the animals of the treated groups showed a delayed weight gain compared with the control group (I). In the biochemical study, the serum levels of calcium and phosphorus remained stable in all the experimental groups, while the total alkaline phosphate levels were highest in in group (III) Naringenina and lowest in control group (II) OVX. However, the most interesting results were observed at osseous level – both the thickness and volume of the trabeculae of the treated animals were greater than the corresponding measurements made in untreated animals that had been subjected to ovariectomy, group (II). In addition, the ionomic study showed that the animals of the three treated groups suffered lower loss of the minerals conforming the bone matrix of Group (II). Conclusion: We are of the opinion, therefore, that the administration of the mentioned compounds is effective, although to varying degrees, in the osteoporosis model developed. However, more studies are necessary to clarify their action mechanism before clinical application in humans can be considered.
Open Access
Estrogen-deficient osteoporosis enhances the recruitment and activity of osteoclasts by breast cancer cells
(Universidad de Murcia. Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, 2016) Salamanna, Francesca; Pagani, Stefania; Maglio, Melania; Borsari, Veronica; Giavaresi, Gianluca; Martelli, Alberto M.; Buontempo, Francesca; Fini, Milena
To reduce the burden of bone metastases, the pathophysiology of the metastatic niche should be elucidated and targeted. The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of tumor cells on osteoclast (OC) recruitment and activity in the presence of altered bone remodelling. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were isolated from healthy and ovariectomized (OVX) rats and co-cultured with MRMT-1 rat breast carcinoma cells or with their conditioned medium for 1 and 2 weeks. Alamar Blue viability test, synthesis of cathepsin K, transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGFβ1), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), metalloproteinase (MMP)-7, MMP-9, FITC-conjugate phalloidin staining and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining were evaluated. The results indicate that breast carcinoma cells induced different responses in PBMC derived from rats affected by estrogen deficiency osteoporosis (OP) in comparison with healthy ones, with a significant increase in proliferation rate, OC differentiation, synthesis of TNF-α, MMP-7 and MMP-9. The data support the “proof of concept” that OP due to estrogen deficiency might offer a receptive site for cancer cells to form bone metastases.
Open Access
Estudio del efecto del extracto de Humulus Lupulus L. sobre un modelo de osteoporosis en ratas Sprague-Dawley.
(2013-11-26) Mostazo Mendoza, Ester; Vicente Ortega, Vicente; Gómez García, Francisco José; Facultad de Medicina
La osteoporosis es una patología caracterizada por la pérdida progresiva de masa ósea debido a un desequilibrio en el remodelado óseo que provoca que las trabéculas sean más finas, estén menos conectadas y se originen microfracturas, y a largo o corto plazo, puedan provocar una fractura del hueso (González, 2004). Los flavonoides son compuestos fenólicos muy abundantes en la naturaleza con capacidad antioxidante. Algunos de ellos poseen una estructura química muy similar a los estrógenos, y son capaces de unirse a sus receptores, activándolos, por lo que pueden ejercer una función análoga (Milligan, 2000; Schaefer, 2003). Por este y otros motivos, se está considerando su inclusión como suplemento alimentario. El objetivo de nuestro estudio ha sido analizar el efecto de los flavonoides contenidos en el extracto de Humulus Lupulus L. sobre un modelo de osteoporosis secundaria a ovariectomía en ratas Sprague-Dawley a través de diferentes estudios: del peso de los animales, bioquímico general y de la fosfatasa alcalina ósea, estudio de la distribución de la masa ósea y cuantificación de la densidad mineral mediante microtomografía computerizada, estudio anatomo-patológico del grosor de las trabéculas óseas y del espesor del epitelio luminal del endometrio uterino a través del microscopio óptico, y por último, el estudio ionómico de los componentes químicos del hueso mediante espectrofotometría. Para ello, utilizamos 40 ratas Sprague-Dawley distribuidas en cuatro grupos (n=10): I: Control; II: Control ovariectomía; III: Ovariectomía + EHL D1 (0,032 g/kg) y IV: Ovariectomía + EHL D2 (0,32 g/kg). La ovariectomía realizada a los grupos II, III y IV fue bilateral y tras cuatro meses de tratamiento, los animales fueron sacrificados para extraer los huesos fémur y tibia y los úteros para su posterior análisis. Durante el experimento se pesó a los animales periódicamente y se les extrajo sangre para realizar el estudio bioquímico en tres tiempos: antes de ser tratadas, dos meses después de la intervención y al sacrificio. Al final del estudio los animales tratados presentaron un retraso del aumento de peso comparado con el grupo intervenido sin tratar. En el estudio bioquímico, los niveles séricos de calcio y fósforo se mantuvieron estables en todos los grupos experimentales y los niveles de fosfatasa alcalina total y ósea descendieron en todos los grupos. Sin embargo, nuestros resultados más relevantes fueron observados a nivel óseo. Así, tanto el grosor como el volumen de las trabéculas de los huesos de los animales tratados con EHL fueron mayores que en los animales ovariectomizados no tratados (constatado mediante histomorfometría y microtomografía computerizada). Estos animales, además, sufrieron menor pérdida de los minerales que conforman la matriz ósea que los controles operados, como confirmó el estudio ionómico. Al estudiar el epitelio endometrial uterino, observamos que el de los animales tratados con EHL mostraba proliferación y presencia de glándulas similar a la normalidad (control no operado), mientras que en los animales operados no tratados, dicho epitelio presentaba signos claros de atrofia. Por todo ello, concluimos que la ingesta de EHL ha sido efectiva en el tratamiento de la osteoporosis provocada por deprivación hormonal en nuestro estudio, siendo necesario profundizar más en el conocimiento de este agente en futuros estudios que permitan clarificar su mecanismo de acción y seguir avanzando en su posible uso en clínica humana. Abstract. Osteoporosis is a disease characterized by progressive mass bone loss due to an imbalance on bone remodeling that causes the trabeculae to be thinner, less connected and microfractures to be generated which, in short or longer term, will inflict a bone fracture (González, 2004). Flavonoids are phenolic compounds very abundant in nature with antioxidant capacity. The inclusion of flavonoids in the intake as a food supplement is being considered. Some flavonoids have a chemical structure very similar to estrogens, and they are able to bind to their receptors, activating them, so they can play an analogous role (Milligan, 2000; Schaefer, 2003). At the end of our study, treated animals showed delayed weight gain compared to untreated intervention group. In the biochemical study, serum levels of calcium and phosphorus remained stable in all experimental groups and total alkaline phosphatase levels and bone decreased in all groups. The purpose of our study was to analyze the effect of the flavonoid content in the Humulus Lupulus L. (EHL) extract on a model of osteoporosis secondary to ovariectomy in Sprague-Dawley rats through different studies: weight of the animals, general biochemistry and bone alkaline phosphatase studies, study of the bone mass distribution and quantification of the mineral density via computerized microtomography, anatomopathologic study of the thickness of the bone trabeculae and the luminal epithelium thickness in the uterine endometrium through the optic microscope and, finally, the ion measurement study of the chemical compounds of the bone via spectrophotometry. To do this, we used 40 Sprague-Dawley rats, distributed in four groups (n=10): I: Control; II: ovariectomy control; III: ovariectomy + EHL D1 (0,032 g/kg) y IV: ovariectomy + EHL D2 (0,32 g/kg). The ovariectomy done to groups II, III y IV was bilateral and after four months being treated they were sacrificed to extract each animal´s femur, tibia and uterus for subsequent analysis. During the experiment the animals were weighed periodically and blood was extracted for biochemical analysis on three occasions: before treatment, two months after the intervention and at the time of sacrifice. The most relevant results in our study were observed at the bone level. Therefore, both trabeculae thickness and volume in the bones of the animals treated with EHL were higher than in the ovariectomized untreated animals (determined via histomorphometry and microtomography). These animals, besides, suffered from a lower loss of the minerals compounding the bone matrix than the surgically operated control ones, confirmed by the ion measurement study. By studying the endometrial uterine epithelium, we realized that the one in the animals treated with EHL showed proliferation and presence of glands similar to the normal one (non-operated control), while in untreated operated animals, this epithelium showed clear signs of atrophy. Therefore, we conclude that the intake of EHL was effective in the treatment of osteoporosis caused by hormonal deprivation in our study, being necessary to go deeper into the knowledge of this agent in future studies which clarify its mechanism of action and further progress in its use in clinical practice.
Open Access
Growth hormone treatment prevents osteoporosis in uremic rats
(Murcia : F. Hernández, 2007) Berger, I.; Piecha, G.; Rabkin, R.; Kaya, N.; Geldyyev, A.; Sun, D.; Chen, Y.; Koleganova, Nadezda; Gross, M.L.
Introduction: Growth hormone (GH) is responsible for longitudinal bone growth. GH-receptor in the growth plate was found to be decreased in chronic renal insufficiency. A therapeutic use of GH in chronic renal insufficiency is not established. The current study aims to clarify the effects of GH treatment on bone metabolism in a uremic rat model. Methods: Sprague Dawley rats were subjected to subtotal surgical renal ablation (SNX) or sham operation. SNX rats were randomized into 4 groups: treated with different doses of GH (1.5, 4.0, or 10.0 mg/kg) or vehicle after 10 weeks of uremia and treated for 6 weeks. Bone and renal morphology was evaluated: bone density, thickness of spongiosa, osteoblast surface, osteoid volume, osteoclast quantity, and resorptive volume. Results: GH treatment resulted in a decrease of resorption area and lower number of osteoclasts. Osteoid volume, number of osteoblasts, percentage of active osteoblasts, thickness of the growth plate and mean cortical width increased. GH receptor (GHR) protein expression increased in GH treated rats. IGF-1 expression was decreased in osteoblasts and chondroblasts of SNX-V rats and increased following GH treatment. The TGF-ß expression was down regulated in SNX+V group in osteocytes and chondroblasts as compared to sham operated animals. The down regulation was prevented in treated animals irrespective of the dose given. Conclusions: Treatment with GH in uremic animals increased bone density to the levels of non-uremic controls. Thus GH seems to have a potential of preventing renal osteodystrophy.
Open Access
Heraclenin promotes the osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells by activating the RhoA/ROCK pathway
(Universidad de Murcia. Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, 2024) Yu, Zuguang; Yuan, Jun; Yu, Yuanyuan
Background. Osteoporosis is a devastating skeletal disease, the pathogenesis of which is related to abnormal bone metabolism, featured by the imbalance between osteoblastic bone formation and osteoclastic bone resorption. Stem cell-based therapies have been demonstrated to improve osteoporosis treatment. Previously, the linear furanocoumarin heraclenin was reported to enhance osteoblast differentiation and mineralization in mouse mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), suggesting its potential for osteogenic differentiation and bone regeneration. Our study was designed to confirm the promotive role of heraclenin on osteogenic differentiation of human bone MSCs (BMSCs) and explore the underlying mechanisms. Methods. Human BMSCs were treated for 24, 48, and 72h with heraclenin (5, 10, 20, 40, and 80 μM), and cell viability was determined by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay. To further evaluate the cytotoxicity of heraclenin, cell suspension obtained from BMSCs treated with heraclenin (5, 10, and 20 μM) for 72h was subjected to a MUSE™ cell analyzer for cell viability and count assay. BMSCs were incubated in osteogenic induction medium for 7 days. Then, osteogenic differentiation and mineralization of BMSCs were assessed through alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and Alizarin Red S staining. The expression of osteogenesis markers including ALP, osteocalcin (OCN), osterix (OSX), and runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) was detected via reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and western blotting. The effects of heraclenin on the RhoA/ROCK pathway were estimated through western blotting. Y27632, the ROCK inhibitor, was used to confirm the role of the RhoA/ROCK pathway in heraclenin-mediated osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs. Results. Heraclenin (5-80 μM) was non-toxic on human BMSCs. Heraclenin treatment (5-20 μM) dosedependently enhanced ALP activity and calcium deposition. Furthermore, heraclenin promoted ALP, OCN, OSX, and RUNX2 mRNA and protein expression. Mechanically, heraclenin treatment increased RhoA and ROCK1 mRNA expression, stimulated the translocation of ROCK from the cytosolic to the membrane fraction, and elevated the protein levels of phosphorylated cofilin (p-cofilin) and active RhoA. Additionally, treatment with Y-27632 overturned the promotion of heraclenin on ALP activity, calcium deposition, the expression of osteogenesis markers, and the RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway. Conclusion. Heraclenin facilitates the osteogenic differentiation of human BMSCs through the activation of the RhoA/ROCK pathway.
Open Access
Immune signals in the context of secondary osteoporosis
(Murcia : F. Hernández, 2004) Okada, Y.; Tanaka, Y.
Bone homeostasis is maintained by a balance between bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts, and alterations in bone metabolism can lead to diseases such as osteoporosis. Inter-cellular and intra-cellular signaling, originating from the immune system, the largest source of cellderived regulatory signals, are involved in these processes. Immune-competent cells such as macrophages and lymphocytes deliver cell-cell signaling through soluble factors such as cytokines and through direct contact with the cells. Such immunological signals to the bone are transmitted primarily through osteoblasts or direct stimulation of osteoclasts to induce osteoclast maturation or bone resorption, which may in turn lead to the disequilibrium of bone metabolism. Inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis are good examples of such a process, in which immunological signals play a central role in the pathogenesis of the accompanying secondary osteoporosis. We will achieve a better understanding of the pathogenesis of bone metabolism in osteoporosis through immune signaling, and thereby develop improved therapeutic strategies for these conditions.
Open Access
Immunolocalization of MMP 2, 9 and 13 in prednisolone induced osteoporosis in mice
(Universidad de Murcia. Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, 2016) Sun, Bao; Sun, Jing; Han, Xiuchun; Liu, Hongrui; Li, Juan; Du, Juan; Feng, Wei; Liu, Bo; Cui, Jian; Guo, Jie; Amizuka, Norio; Li, Minqi
Long-term use of glucocorticoids (GC) causes rapid bone loss and increases the risk of osteoporotic fractures. Matrix metalloproteinase (MMPs), the most prominent kind of proteases implicated in the proteolytic degradation of the extracellular matrix (ECM), have been reported to be involved in pathological process of GC induced osteoporosis. However, the underlining mechanisms are still unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the spatial expression and the potential function of MMP 2, 9 and 13 in osteoporosis induced by prednisolone in the tibiae of mice. In this experiment, mice were given prednisolone (15 mg/kg body weight) in PBS intragastrically every other day, or only PBS as control. Two weeks later, mice were fixed with transcardial perfusion of 4% paraformaldehyde in 0.1 M phosphate buffer (pH 7.4), and tibiae were extracted for histochemical analysis. Compared with control group, the number of TRAP-positive osteoclasts and the immunoreactivity of MMP 2, 9 and 13 were significantly increased in the trabecular bone of mice administered with prednisolone, leading to the decrease of trabecular bone volume. On the other hand, lighter eosin staining areas containing numerous empty lacunae of osteocytes and crevices were seen in the narrowing cortical bone. Furthermore, intense immunoreaction of MMP 2 and MMP 13 were found in the enlarged lacunae and the crevices, respectively. Taken together, we concluded that prednisolone administration induced the increase of MMP 2, 9 and 13 expressions, while MMP 2 and MMP 13 played essential roles in the osteocytic osteolysis and the early impaired areas in the cortical bone. Therefore, MMPs might be new potential therapeutic targets for prevention and treatment of glucocorticoid induced osteoporosis, especially osteocytic osteolysis.
Open Access
Interaction between osteoblast and osteoclast: impact in bone disease
(Murcia : F. Hernández, 2004) Phan, T.C.A.; Xu, J.; Zheng, M.H.
The intercellular communication between osteoblasts and osteoclasts is crucial to bone homeostasis. Since Rodan and Martin proposed the control of osteoclasts by osteoblasts in the 1980s, many factors have been isolated from osteoblasts and shown to regulate the differentiation and function of osteoclasts. However, the mechanism by which osteoblasts regulate osteoclasts during bone remodelling is still unclear. On the other hand, it is well accepted that many metabolic bone diseases are associated with the disruption of the communication between osteoblast and osteoclasts. Thus, this review focuses on the cross-talk between osteoblasts and osteoclasts and its impact in bone disease.
Open Access
Osteoporosis experimental en conejas albinas Nueva Zelanda : ensayo con flavonoides : apigenina potásica y naringenina
(2013-10-03) Bautista Muñoz, Enrique; Vicente Ortega, Vicente; Meseguer Olmo, Luis Ramón; Gómez García, Francisco José; Facultad de Medicina
En nuestro trabajo nos planteamos conocer los posibles efectos de los flavonoides apigenina y naringenina potásicas sobre un modelo experimental de osteoporosis inducida mediante ovariectomía en conejas albinas Nueva Zelanda. El estudio “in vitro” demostró que los flavonoides ensayados, no afectaban de forma negativa a la viabilidad celular. En el “in vivo”, la deprivación estrogénica mediante la ovariectomía, fue suficiente en un plazo de ocho meses, para provocar la osteoporosis. Los estudios: bioquímico, de microCT, anatomopatológico (óptico y MEB) e ionómico (icp-oes), confirmaron la eficacia, tanto de la apigenina como de la naringenina potásicas, como agentes protectores frente a la pérdida ósea inducida por la ovariectomía, constituyéndose así, en una medida complementaria frente a la osteoporosis, a la vez que abre nuevas vías de investigación para la utilización de terapias preventivas minimizando los problemas de los efectos secundarios que caracterizan a otros tratamientos. Palabras clave: Osteoporosis, ovariectomía, flavonoides, conejas. ABSTRACT The effects of the flavonoids potassium apigenin and naringenin were studied in an experimental model of osteoporosis induced by ovariectomy in New Zealand albino/white rabbits. The in vitro study showed that cell viability was unaffected by either flavonoid, while in vivo experiments showed that estrogenic deprivation caused by ovariectomy provoked osteoporosis after eight months. Biochemical, microCT, anatomical-pathological (optical and SEM) and ionomic (icp-oes) studies confirmed the effectiveness of both potassium apigenin and naringenin as protective agents against bone loss induced by ovariectomy, representing a complementary measure against osteoporosis, while opening up new research pathways into using preventative therapies that minimise the secondary effects associated with other treatments. Key words: osteoporosis, ovariectomy, flavonoids, rabbits.
Open Access
Pathological change of articular cartilage in the mandibular head treated with immunosuppressant FK 506
(Murcia : F. Hernández, 2004) Ueno, T.; Kagawa, T.; Kanou, M.; Fujii, T.; Fukunaga, J.; Mizukawa, N.; Sugahara, T.; Yamamoto, T.
While several reports have documented immunosuppressant-induced osteoporosis, the exact mechanism of the pathological change of the joint remains to be clarified. In the present study, we have demonstrated the pathological change of the articular cartilage in the mandibular head of five Sprague-Dawley rats administered with the immunosuppressant FK 506 for 28 days. Three-dimensional micro-computed tomography of the mandibular heads in treated rats showed a significant decrease in trabecular bone volume compared to control rats. Histological observation revealed atrophic change of the articular cartilage. Immunohistological observation using anti-proliferative cell nuclear antibody (PCNA), type I, II, and type X collagen antibodies showed significantly decreased proliferation and differentiation of chondrocytes in the articular cartilage compared with the control group (p<0.05). Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining revealed no significant difference in the numbers of osteoclasts at the chondro-osseous junction. Thus, FK 506 administration inhibited chondrogenic cell proliferation and differentiation and might cause osteoporotic change of subcartilage trabecular bone that subsequently forms in the mandibular head
Open Access
Prevalencia y factores asociados a osteoporosis en pacientes de Santa Marta (Colombia)
(Murcia: Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Murcia, 2016) González-Ruiz, Gisela Esther; Álvarez-Miño, Lídice; Borré-Ortiz, Yeis Miguel; Rivas Oduber, Elimiled; Serrano Angarita, Nini Sorell; Tavera Galeano, Nivalisay
Objetivo: Identificar la prevalencia y los factores asociados a osteoporosis en un grupo de pacientes Samarios. Materiales y Método: Estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo y correlacional, realizado en una población de 406 pacientes de un total de 1486 consultantes. Resultados: La prevalencia encontrada fue de 27,32; los factores asociados fueron: edad mayor de 50 años (p=0,3405); género femenino (p= 0,3405), no realización de ejercicio físico (p= 0,011); paridad (p= 0,0001). Se halló asociación estadística entre la osteoporosis y las enfermedades del ojo y sus anexos (p= 0,0415), según la clasificación del Consejo Internacional de Enfermedades. Conclusiones: La prevalencia de osteoporosis fue de 27,32%. La edad, el sedentarismo, la multiparidad, las enfermedades de los ojos y sus anexos, los antecedentes de cirugías ginecobstétricas y de vesícula fueron factores de riesgo estadísticamente significativos para el desarrollo de la osteoporosis.
Open Access
Puerarin and zinc additively prevent mandibular bone loss through inhibiting osteoclastogenesis in ovariectomized rats
(Universidad de Murcia. Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, 2017) Liu, Hao; Li, Wei; Jia, Shengnan; Li, Binbin
Puerarin and zinc play a key role in preventing osteoporotic-related bone loss. Previous research on puerarin or zinc mainly focused on the antiosteoporotic effects of long bone. However, it is obscure for puerarin or zinc to prevent mandibular osteoporosis. Here, we explore the effects on additive coadministration of puerarin and zinc on preventing mandibular bone loss in ovariectomized rats, and evaluate the underlying mechanisms ex vivo. Rats were ovariectomized and administrated puerarin, zinc or both. After 12 weeks, bone mineral density (BMD) and histomorphometry of mandibles were measured by micro-CT. The mechanical properties were determined using a threepoint bending test. Then, osteogenic differentiation of primary bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) and osteoclastogenesis of bone marrow mononuclear were performed ex vivo. The culture supernatant and serum level of bone biochemical markers including osteoprotegerin (OPG), osteopontin (OPN), receptor activator of nuclear factor (NF)-κB ligand (RANKL), and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) were detected by ELISA. Culture supernatant and serum levels of calcium were measured using a Plasma Emission Spectrometer. One-way ANOVA was used for statistical analyses. The results showed that administration of puerarin plus zinc prevented the decrease in mandibular BMD and bone morphometrical parameters more effectively than single use of puerarin or zinc (p<0.05), which was similar to the biomechanical tests (p<0.05). Furthermore, puerarin and zinc additively up-regulated OPG, OPN protein levels, Ca ion level and down-regulated RANKL, TRAP protein levels. In conclusion, puerarin and zinc additively prevent mandibular bone loss through inhibiting osteoclastogenesis in ovariectomized rats, which will shed more light on the potential use of puerarin and zinc in the prevention/treatment of oral bone loss clinically.
Open Access
RANKL is downregulated in bone cells by physical activity (treadmill and vibration stimulation training) in rat with glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis
(F. Hernández y Juan F. Madrid. Universidad de Murcia. Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, 2013) Pichler, Karin; Loreto, Carla; Leonardi, Rosalia; Reuber, Tobias; Weinberg, Annelie Martina; Musumeci, Giuseppe
The aim of this study was to investigate bone tissue and plasma levels of RANKL and OPG in rats with prednisolone-induced osteoporosis and to evaluate the outcomes of physical activity on the skeletal system by treadmill and vibration platform training. Osteoporosis is a disease characterised by low bone mass and structural deterioration of bone tissue leading to bone fragility. Vibration exercise is a new and effective measure to prevent muscular atrophy and osteoporosis. The animals were divided into 5 groups. 1: control rats; 2: rats with osteoporosis receiving prednisolone; 3: rats receiving prednisolone and treadmill training; 4: rats receiving prednisolone and vibration stimulation training; 5: rats receiving prednisolone, treadmill and vibration stimulation training. For bone evaluations we used whole-body scans, histology and histomorphometric analysis. RANKL and OPG expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry and biochemical analysis. After treatment, our data demonstrated that RANKL expression was significantly increased in groups 2 and 3 and decreased in groups 4 and 5. Conversely, OPG expression was significantly decreased in groups 2 and 3 and increased in groups 4 and 5. In conclusion, our findings suggest that mechanical stimulation inhibits the activity of RANKL. This finding provides new insights into the occurrence and progression of osteoporosis.
Open Access
Remodelado óseo en pacientes epilépticos: estudio de biomarcadores y polimorfismos
(Universidad de Murcia, 2018-07-26) De Miguel Elízaga, Irene; Hernández Martínez, Antonio Miguel; Martínez Villanueva, Miriam; Noguera Velasco, José Antonio; Escuela Internacional de Doctorado
INTRODUCCIÓN. El tratamiento crónico con fármacos antiepilépticos (FAE) conlleva alteraciones del metabolismo óseo. El mecanismo fisiopatológico mejor conocido es el déficit de vitamina D asociado al tratamiento con FAE clásicos (FAEc) como Carbamazepina, Fenitoína o Fenobarbital, con efecto inductor enzimático del Citocromo P450. Dichos FAEc inducen la hiperexpresión de CYP24A o 24-hidroxilasa, enzima encargada de metabolizar la vitamina D a su forma inactiva (24,25-dihidroxi vitamina D3). Esto conduce a una disminución de la calcemia acompañada de un aumento compensatorio de paratohormona (PTH), hormona que activa el RANKL, que a su vez activa osteoclastos y aumenta la resorción ósea. El Ácido valproico es un inhibidor de histonas deacetilasas (HDIs) pudiendo alterar el grado de acetilación de determinadas histonas y regular la expresión de genes que promueven la diferenciación y maduración de osteoblastos. Esto disminuye la síntesis ósea y acaba produciendo osteoporosis. Los mecanismos fisiopatológicos asociados a FAE de nueva generación (FAEn) como Levetiracetam o Acetato de eslicabazepina aún no están claros. OBJETIVOS. Evaluar el estado óseo de pacientes epilépticos en tratamiento crónico con FAE y la posible pérdida de masa ósea, analizando posibles diferencias entre FAEc y FAEn. Determinar la frecuencia genotípica de polimorfismos de genes asociados al metabolismo óseo. Elaborar modelos matemáticos que permitan la identificación de pacientes en riesgo de desarrollar osteoporosis. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS. Se ha realizado un estudio longitudinal prospectivo en 64 pacientes epilépticos en tratamiento en monoterapia durante más de 12 meses con FAEc o FAEn. Se programan dos visitas, basal y a seis meses, y en cada una se realizan: 1) Recogida de variables demográficas y clínicas; 2) Toma de muestras para: a) evaluar metabolismo fosfocálcico, función renal y metabolismo lipídico, b) cuantificar marcadores bioquímicos de remodelado óseo (MRO), de formación (osteocalcina (OC), fosfatasa alcalina ósea (ALPo) y propéptido aminoterminal del colágeno tipo 1) y resorción ósea (beta-crosslaps) y Telopéptido N-terminal del colágeno tipo I (NTX)) y c) genotipado de polimorfismos relacionados con el metabolismo óseo (VDR-BsmI, VDR-FokI, ESR-PvuII, ESR-XbaI, CTR-AluI y COL1A1-Sp1) y determinar sus frecuencias; 3) Realización de densitometrías para valorar el estado óseo y calcular el riesgo de fractura mediante la herramienta informática FRAX®. RESULTADOS. Se detecta un aumento significativo de vitamina D en el tiempo (p<0,001) y menores concentraciones de ésta (15,50 ng/ml vs 20,21 ng/ml) y del calcio sérico (9,40 mg/dl vs 9,76 mg/dl) en pacientes en tratamiento con FAEc. Se observan menores niveles de colesterol total (p=0,018) y cLDL (p=0,014) en la segunda visita y una asociación entre metabolismo lipídico y el polimorfismo CTR-AluI. Evidenciamos una disminución significativa de ALPo y NTX (p<0,001) y niveles más bajos de OC en pacientes tratados con FAEc (p=0,036). Se ha descrito mayor frecuencia genotípica de los polimorfismos ESR-PvuII, CTR-AluI y COL1A1-Sp1 en pacientes epilépticos que en población sana y asociación entre la presencia del polimorfismo COL1A1-Sp1 y la menor densidad mineral ósea (DMO). Las mujeres tienen menor DMO que los hombres. No se detectan diferencias significativas en las densitometrías de pacientes en tratamiento con FAEc/FAEn. El mejor modelo diagnóstico encontrado incluye variables clínicas, marcadores bioquímicos (ALPo) y polimorfismos genéticos (ESR1-XbaI y COL1A1-Sp1). CONCLUSIONES. A nivel densitométrico, no ha quedado demostrado el efecto negativo de los FAE sobre el hueso aunque los MRO sí disminuyen a lo largo del estudio, reflejando un menor turnover óseo y quizá por tanto, mayor fragilidad. Dicho efecto parece ser más pronunciado en pacientes en tratamiento con FAEc. La presencia del polimorfismo COL1A1-Sp1 se asocia a menor DMO. Por tanto, sería recomendable evaluar una combinación de variables clínicas, MRO y polimorfismos genéticos para valorar el estado del tejido óseo y el riesgo de osteoporosis en pacientes epilépticos BACKGROUND. Treatment with antiepileptic drugs (AED) has been associated with side effects on bone health, with a focus on enzyme-inducing AEDs. Classic AEDs (AEDc) that induce the hepatic cytochrome P450 system (phenytoin, phenobarbital, carbamazepine) increase liver hydroxylases and can reduce the amount of 25OHD. Consequently, there is a decrease in circulating calcium levels accompanied by an increase compensatory of parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels. In addition, PTH activates the RANKL molecule, which activates osteoclasts and increases bone resorption. All this leads to alterations in bone mineralization that lead to osteoporosis. Valproic acid is a histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDIs) that can alter the degree of acetylation of certain histones and thus regulate the expression of genes that promote the differentiation and maturation of osteoblasts. Therefore, there is a decrease in bone synthesis that results in osteoporosis. However, it seems that non-inducing AEDs or new AED (AEDn) like Levetiracetam or Eslicarbazepine acetate have also been associated with impaired bone health, but their pathophysiological mechanisms are not yet known. AIM. Evaluate the bone status of epileptic patients in chronic treatment with AED and the possible loss of bone mass throughout the study, also studying differences between AEDc and AEDn. Determine the genotypic frequency of polymorphisms of genes associated with bone metabolism. Develop mathematical models that allow the identification of patients at risk of developing osteoporosis. METHODS. A prospective longitudinal study was conducted in 64 patients with epileptic disorders under monotherapy for more than 12 months with AEDc or AEDn. Two visits are made, one baseline and another at six months, and in each one a series of procedures are carried out: 1) Collection of demographic and clinical variables; 2) Sampling to evaluate: a) phosphocalcic metabolism, renal function and lipid metabolism, b) quantify the bone turnover markers (BTM), formation (osteocalcin (OC), bone alkaline phosphatase (BALP) and amino terminal propeptide of collagen type 1 (P1NP)) and bone resorption (beta-crosslaps (β-CTX) and N-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (NTX)), c) carry out the genotyping of polymorphisms related to bone metabolism (VDRB- BsmI, VDRF-FokI, ESR-PvuII, ESR-XbaI, CTR-AluI and Col1A1-Sp1) and determine their frequencies; 3) Realization of a bone densitometry to assess bone status and calculate fracture risk using FRAX®. RESULTS. A higher genotypic frequency of the ESR-PvuII, CTR-AluI and Col1A1-Sp1 polymorphisms has been described in epileptic patients than in healthy population. We have demonstrated an association between the presence of the Col1A1-Sp1 polymorphism and the lower bone mineral density (BMD). A significant increase of vitamin D was detected throughout the study (p <0.001) and lower concentrations of it (15.50 ng / ml vs 20.21 ng / ml), as well as serum calcium (9.40 mg / dl vs 9.76 mg / dl), in patients under treatment with enzyme-inducing AED. Also we observed lower levels of total cholesterol (p = 0.018) and LDL cholesterol (p = 0.014) in the second visit and an association between lipid metabolism and CTR-AluI polymorphism. Regarding BTM, a significant decrease in BALP and NTX levels (p <0.001) was observed and lower levels of OC in patients treated with AEDc (p = 0.036). Women have lower BMD that men but a higher rate of bone loss is observed in men over the study. No significant differences were detected in the densitometry of patients on AEDc/AEDn treatment. The best diagnostic model found includes clinical variables, biochemical markers (BALP) and genetic polymorphisms (ESR1-XbaI and COL1A1-Sp1). CONCLUSIONS. Low bone mass associated with AED use has not been demonstrated although BTM decrease during the study, reflecting a lower bone turnover and perhaps greater fragility. Patients receiving AEDc had lower levels of BTM. Presence of the s allele of the COL1A1-Sp1 polymorphism in people with epilepsy was related to lower bone BMD. Therefore, it would be advisable to evaluate a combination of clinical variables, BTM and genetic polymorphisms to assess bone status and risk of osteoporosis in epileptic patients.
Open Access
The impact of callanetics exercises on some biomotor skills and physical characteristics of women with osteoporosis aged 45–55 years
(Universidad de Murcia, Servicio de Publicaciones, 2023) Khalil, Lamyaa Abdul Sattar
The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the value of callanetics exercises in enhancing some aspects of the health fitness of women with osteoporosis and to determine how callanetics exercises affect elderly women with osteoporosis in terms of enhancing certain aspects of health fitness. The sample included women with osteoporosis of the Department of Physiotherapy at Baghdad Hospital, aged 45–55 years, during the period from 1/3/2022 to 9/8/2022. The callanetics exercises applied produced a decrease in the percentage of fat, with a decline in the values of hip and thigh circumferences.