Browsing by Subject "Insulin-Secreting Cells"

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    A surgical model of short bowel syndrome induces a long-lasting increase in pancreatic beta-cell mass
    (F. Hernández y Juan F. Madrid. Universidad de Murcia: Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, 2015) Pérez-Arana, G.; Camacho-Ramírez, A.; Segundo-Iglesias, M.C.; Lechuga-Sancho, A.M.; Sancho-Maraver, E.; Aguilar-Diosdado, M.
    Several surgical techniques are used nowadays as a severe treatment for obesity and diabetes mellitus type 2. These techniques are aggressive due to drastic changes in the nutrient flow and non-reversible modifications on the digestive tube. In this paper we present the effects of a massive intestinal resection on the pancreas. Results have shown that short bowel technique is less aggressive to normal anatomy and physiology of the intestinal tract than Gastric bypass or biliopancreatic diversion (e.g.). In this paper we reproduce a model of short bowel syndrome (SIC), with similar surgical conditions and clinical complications as seen in human cases. This work was conducted on normal Wistar rats, with no other concurrent factors, in order to determine the effects on normal pancreas islets. We measured pancreatic implications by histomorphometric studies, which included beta-cell mass by immunocytochemistry, and apoptosis/proliferation test with TUNEL technique and Ki-67. Briefly, we reported on an increased relative area of the islets of the pancreas, as well as an increase in the average size of islets in the SIC versus the control group. Furthermore we stated that this increase in size of the pancreatic islets is due to the mechanisms of proliferation of beta cells in animals undergoing SIC. These goals could reveal a direct influence of surgical modification of the digestive tract over the pancreatic beta cell homeostasis. In this sense, there are many potential stimulators of intestinal adaptation, including peptide hormones and growth components which are associated or involved as effectors of the endocrine pancreas.
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    Bariatric surgery influences β-Cell turnover in non obese rats
    (Universidad de Murcia. Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, 2017) Camacho Ramírez, Alonso; Blandino Rosano, Manuel; Segundo Iglesias, M. Carmen; Lechuga Sancho, Alfonso M.; Aguilar Diosdado, Manuel; Pérez Arana, Gonzalo M.; Prada Oliveira, J. Arturo
    Background. The aim of this study was to investigate the relation between the different bariatric surgeries and pancreatic β-cell turnover. Material and Methods. We used healthy adult male Wistar rats to undergo the different techniques. Three surgical techniques were developed (malabsorptive, Sleeve gastrectomy and Roux-Y Gastric Bypass-), together with two control groups (Sham and fasting control). Pancreatic β-cell mass was measured, as well as apoptosis, proliferation and neogenesis related to cellular turnover. Otherwise, we measured the functional issues to elucidate the physiological role that these surgical techniques trigger in the carbohydrate metabolism (e.g. food intake, weight gain, intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test, and basal glycaemia). Results included the differences in phenotypes of the rat after the surgery. The rats did not show important differences in glycaemic parameters between the surgical groups. The β-cell mass presented modifications related with proliferation processes. A significant increase of β-cell mass in the malabsorptive technique was reported. On the other hand, the peripheral resistance to insulin tended to be reduced in rats which underwent malabsorptive and mixed techniques. Conclusion. This work showed an increase in β-cell mass after the resection of an important portion of small bowel. The Roux-Y Gastric Bypass produced a non-significant increase in β-cell mass. We considered that these implications of surgery over the endocrine pancreas must be one of the mechanisms related to the improvement of type 2 Diabetes mellitus following bariatric surgery.