DigitalUM :: Browsing by Subject "Iberian Peninsula"

Browsing by Subject "Iberian Peninsula"

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Open Access
A multi-physics ensemble of regional climate change projections over the Iberian Peninsula
(2012) Jerez, Sonia; Montávez, Juan Pedro; Gomez Navarro, Juan José; Lorente Plazas, Raquel; García Valero, Juan Andrés; Jiménez Guerrero, Pedro; Física
This study illustrates the sensitivity of regional climate change projections to the model physics. A single-model (MM5) multi-physics ensemble of regional climate simulations over the Iberian Peninsula for present (1970–1999) and future (2070–2099 under the A2 scenario) periods is assessed. The ensemble comprises eight members resulting from the combination of two options of parameterization schemes for the planetary boundary layer, cumulus and microphysics. All the considered combinations were previously evaluated by comparing hindcasted simulations to observations, none of them providing clearly outlying climates. Thus, the differences among the various ensemble members (spread) in the future projections could be considered as a matter of uncertainty in the change signals (as similarly assumed in multi-model studies). The results highlight the great dependence of the spread on the synoptic conditions driving the regional model. In particular, the spread generally amplifies under the future scenario leading to a large spread accompanying the mean change signals, as large as the magnitude of the mean projected changes and analogous to the spread obtained in multi-model ensembles. Moreover, the sign of the projected change varies depending on the choice of the model physics in many cases. This, together with the fact that the key mechanisms identified for the simulation of the climatology of a given period (either present or future) and those introducing the largest spread in the projected changes differ significantly, make further claims for efforts to better understand and model the parameterized subgrid processes.
Open Access
An Open Source Web Mapping Tool to Estimate Wind Energy in the Iberian Peninsula
(Taylor & Francis LTD, 2019-04-04) Gomariz Castillo, Francisco; Alonso Sarria, Francisco; Montávez Gómez, Juan Pedro; Lorente Plazas, Raquel; Geografía
Abstract: The main disadvantage of wind energy is its high spatial and temporal variability. This paper presents a web mapping tool to communicate to private users both the available wind resource and information to evaluate the suitability of several types of turbine for any point on the Iberian Peninsula. This tool performs on-the-fly three-dimensional interpolation of wind data from a 10 km horizontal grid database previously obtained using a regional climate model and generates a PDF report. It integrates several open-source GIS applications to build a coherent platform that performs advanced calculations and provides graphics and reports of high quality.
Open Access
Las áreas urbanas en la Península Ibérica. Un ejercicio de delimitación
(2016-02-19) Miramontes Carballada, Angel; Vieira de Sá Marques, Teresa María
En la actualidad existe una amplia y diversa variedad de metodologías que permiten el estudio de la delimitación de las áreas urbanas, desarrolladas tanto desde organizaciones como la Unión Europea o individualmente desde cada país. Sin embargo, en este trabajo se exponen los criterios seguidos para identificar y delimitar las áreas urbanas de dos países: España y Portugal. Se trata de un trabajo a escala de la Península Ibérica donde España y Portugal se estudian como un todo. Por lo que el objetivo principal es delimitar de un modo homogéneo y comparable, las áreas urbanas que se encuentran en este territorio del sur de Europa. Las principales fuentes de información utilizadas son publicaciones y estadísticas del Ministerio de Fomento de España, del Instituto Nacional de Estadística de Portugal y de la Comisión Europea.
Open Access
Bias in freshwater biodiversity sampling : the case of Iberian water beetles
(Wiley, ) Sánchez Fernández, David; Lobo, Jorge M.; Abellán, Pedro; Ribera, Ignacio; Millán, Andrés; Ecología e Hidrología
Extensive distributional data bases are key tools in ecological research, and good-quality data are required to provide reliable conservation strategies and an understanding of biodiversity patterns and processes. Although the evaluation of data bases requires the incorporation of estimates of sampling effort and bias, no studies have focused on these aspects for freshwater biodiversity data. We used here a comprehensive data base of water beetles from the Iberian Peninsula and the Balearic Islands, and examine whether these data provide an unbiased, reliable picture of their diversity and distribution in the study area. Based on theoretical estimates using the Clench function on the accumulated number of records as a surrogate of sampling effort, about a quarter of the Iberian and Balearic 50 × 50 km Universal Transverse Mercator grid cells can be considered well prospected, with more than 70% of the theoretical species richness actually recorded. These well-surveyed cells are not evenly distributed across biogeographical and physicoclimatic subregions, reflecting some geographical bias in the distribution of sampling effort. Our results suggest that recording was skewed by relatively simple variables affecting collector activity, such as the perceived ‘attractiveness’ of mountainous landscapes and protected areas with recently described species, and accessibility of sampling sites (distance from main research centres). We emphasize the importance of these evaluation exercises, which are useful to locate areas needed of further sampling as well as to identify potential biases in the distribution of current biodiversity patterns.
Open Access
Los bombílidos (Diptera, Bombyliidae) de la sierra de Béjar (España)
(Murcia: Universidad de Murcia, Servicio de Publicaciones, 2001) Sánchez Rodríguez, A. I.; Portillo Rubio, M.; Sánchez-Terrón, A.; Facultad de Biología
Faunistical, altitudinal distribution and relationship with vegetation of 48 bee flies species belonging toSierra of Béjar placed in the Central mountain chain of the Iberian Peninsula have been studied.Most species studied are new record in the study area; this is the first record for Anastoechus fulvescensand Systoechus microcephalus in the Iberian Peninsula and the species Hemipenthes vockerothi,is cited forsecond time; this specie is always located over 1300 m high
Open Access
Cardiopulmonary nematode infections in wild canids: Does the key lie on host-prey-parasite evolution?
(Elsevier, 2019) Martínez Rondán, Francisco José; Ruiz de Ybáñez Carnero, María del Rocío; López Beceiro, Ana María; Fidalgo, Luis Eusebio; Berriatua Fernández de Larrea, Eduardo; Lahat, Liron; Sacristán, Irene; Oleaga, Álvaro; Martínez Carrasco Pleite, Carlos; Sanidad Animal
Cardiopulmonary nematodes are among the most pathogenic parasites of domestic and wild canids. The aim of this study was to describe the species diversity, prevalence and infection intensity of these parasites in the Iberian wolf (Canis lupus signatus) and the red fox (Vulpes vulpes) in the northwest of the Iberian Peninsula. 257 foxes and 74 wolves were necropsied between 2008 and 2014. Four nematode species were identified: Angiostrongylus vasorum, Eucoleus aerophilus, Crenosoma vulpis and Filaroides hirthi. This last species was only found in wolves, being the first time that is cited worldwide in this wild canid. The overall parasite prevalence was significantly higher in foxes (70%) than in wolves (28%). Specifically, prevalences in foxes and wolves were, respectively, 43% and 22% for A. vasorum, 33% and 5% for E. aerophilus, and 30% and 9% for C. vulpis. The prevalence of F. hirthi was 16%. The A. vasorum intensity was significantly higher in foxes than in wolves. Differences between host species in the risk of infection would be associated to diverging feeding behavior, and possibly reflects a parasite-host adaptation related to host's hunting strategies and cardiorespiratory requirements. This study revealed an association between infection and environmental factors, and highlighted a wide variation in the spatial distribution of A. vasorum. Our results indicate that cardiopulmonary parasites are widespread in wild canids in northwest Spain, and further agrees with other studies indicating the expansion of A. vasorum in Europe and, therefore, the urgent need to investigate infection in dogs in sympatric areas.
Open Access
Colonization and plasticity in population traits of the invasive Alburnus alburnus along a longitudinal river gradient in a Mediterranean river basin
(REABIC Journals, 2019) Amat Trigo, Fátima; Torralva Forero, Mar; Ruiz Navarro, Ana; Oliva Paterna, Francisco J.; Didáctica de las Ciencias Experimentales
Identification of the most relevant habitat features necessary for the success of potential invaders, such as the bleak Alburnus alburnus with its high ecological risk, is fundamental for understanding the invasive process and, thus, for designing effective control programs. This study provides new insights into the residence time and variation of population traits of this species along a longitudinal gradient in one of the most regulated river basin in the Iberian Peninsula. Occurrence data collected from 25 sampling sites (three times in five years) along the Segura River Basin (SE Spain) showed that this species has spread rapidly and now inhabits more than 168 km of fluvial stretches (84.4% of the studied area). The captured individuals were four years old, although greater longevity and larger mature cohorts were more common in sites with longer residence times. Higher values in population abundance in the upstream part of the river basin were accompanied by increased growth rates and higher maximum sizes. The obtained results support the hypothesis that the wide plasticity of the population traits of A. alburnus plays an important role in its success in a highly regulated Mediterranean river basin, where this mechanism allows it to survive flow regulation events at various scales, as well as to resist the long-term environmental stress typical of Mediterranean-type rivers.
Open Access
Compared iberian distribution of tetramorium caespitum (Linné 1758) and tetramorium semilaeve André 1881 (Hym. formicidae)
(Murcia: Universidad de Murcia, Servicio de Publicaciones, 1990) López, F.; Serrano, J. M.; Acosta, F. J.; Facultad de Biología
Based on T. Caespitum and T. Semilaeve material from the whole Iberian peninsula, the geographical distnbution of both species is compared, taking into account the territory division in climatic zones. The altitudinal distribution is compared using the three large areas of information concentration that exist. The degree of ubiquity and distribution trends of these two species difer in the geographical area considered. Moreover, there exist evidences that seem to support these facts at a greater geographical scale, from the knowledge about their distribution in the occidental palaeartic region. On the other hand, the results of the morphological study of specimens from different altitudes seem to contradict the hypothesis of convergence and morphological variation in relation with altitude, proposed for these two species.
Open Access
Consideraciones taxonómicas sobre el subgénero Megabombudalla dalla torre, 1880, en la Península Ibérica (Hym., Apidae, Bombinae)
(Murcia: Universidad de Murcia, Servicio de Publicaciones, 1991) Ornosa Gallego, Concepción; Facultad de Biología
Se revisa el subgénero Megabombus en la Península Ibérica. Se discuten los distintos taxones aclarando su situación sistemática, rectificando las citas anteriores y aportando otras nuevas. De igual modo, se incluyen claves de identificación y mapas de distribución geográfica de las especies y subespecies del mismo.
Open Access
Contribución al conocimiento de la biología del alga parda alimentaria Himanthalia elongata (Fucales, Phaeophyta) en las costas de Galicia
(Murcia: Universidad de Murcia, Servicio de Publicaciones, 2004) Lagos, Verónica; Cremades, Javier; Sin departamento asociado; Facultad de Biología
Himanthalia elongata es un alga parda bienal y dioica muy frecuente en las costas gallegas, donde se usa tradicionalmente como abono y, más recientemente, como alga alimentaria debido a sus notables ca- racterísticas organolépticas y nutricionales. Dado el creciente grado de explotación de las poblaciones naturales, necesariamente tendrán que establecerse criterios para su explotación sostenible en función de su biología, hasta ahora poco conocida, en nuestras costas. En el presente trabajo se exponen los resultados obtenidos hasta el momento en los estudios realizados sobre el crecimiento, reproducción y reclu- tamiento de esta especie en la localidad de Barizo (Malpica, La Coru- ña) y se indican las principales pautas a seguir para una explotación sostenible de este recurso.
Open Access
Contribución al género Typhula Fr. (Fungi) en la Península Ibérica
(Murcia: Universidad de Murcia, Servicio de Publicaciones, 2005) Olariaga, Ibai; Salcedo, Isabel; Biología Vegetal y Ecología (Botánica); Facultad de Biología
Se presentan descripciones detalladas e ilustraciones de 6 especies del género Typhula Fr. nuevas para el Catálogo Micológico Ibérico, a saber, T. athyrii Remsb., T. corallina Quél. & Pat., T. culmigena (Mont. & Fr.) Berthier, T. graminum P. Karst., T. subhyalina Courtec. y T. subvariabilis Berthier.
Open Access
Do protected areas represent species’ optimal climatic conditions? A test using Iberian water beetles
(Wiley, 2013) Sánchez Fernández, David; Abellán, Pedro; Picazo, Félix; Millán, Andrés; Ribera, Ignacio; Lobo, Jorge M.; Ecología e Hidrología
Aim To assess the effectiveness of protected area networks in representing the climatic niche of Iberian water beetle species.Location Iberian Peninsula. Methods We used distribution data from 133 endemic water beetle species in the Iberian Peninsula. Climatic potential distributions were estimated by applying a multidimensional-envelope procedure based on climatic data (both current and future) and observed occurrences. Mahalanobis distances were calculated to obtain continuous climatic suitability values within the climatic potential distribution. Two protected area networks were assessed: National Parks (NPs) and Natura 2000 (N2000). The average climatic suitability value for the cells overlapping with protected areas was calculated and compared with the average value of 10,000 random samples from the same number of cells within their entire potential distribution, which allowed to identify species whose climatic niches were optimally or marginally represented. Results Fifty-seven and 104 of the 107 considered taxa were represented with at least one occurrence in NPs and N2000, respectively, and the climatic potential distributions of 93 and all 107 taxa overlapped with NPs and N2000. While the climatic niches of 48 and 38 taxa were marginally represented in NPs and N2000, the climatic niches of only 11 and 29 were optimally represented by these two protected area networks. When predicted future climatic conditions were considered, both the climatic suitability values and the number of species whose potential distribution was represented by protected areas decreased. Main conclusions Although the representation of endemic Iberian taxa could be considered adequate, these results show that for most of them the protected networks tend to include areas with climatic conditions close to the species tolerance limit, and the expected climate change only worsened this scenario. Thus, current protected areas cannot be considered to guarantee the long-term survival of the species considered in this study.
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Emphasising the community: demographic composition of an exceptional tomb—the Chalcolithic burial site of Camino del Molino, Caravaca de la Cruz, Murcia
(Springer Nature, 2023-08-29) Díaz‑Navarro, Sonia; Haber Uriarte, María; Tejedor‑Rodríguez, Cristina; Lomba Maurandi, Joaquín; Prehistoria, Arqueología, Historia Antigua, Historia Medieval y Ciencias y Técnicas Historiográficas; Facultad de Letras
Reconstructing the biological profile of a skeletal sample is essential for defining a particular demographic group or classifying isolated remains. These results allow us to complete the population pyramid of a settlement, analyse mortality trends and relate individuals of a particular sex or age-at-death category to possible funerary rituals, lifestyles and/or states of health and disease. In this work, we carry out a paleodemographic analysis of a singular tomb: the chalcolithic burial site of Camino del Molino, Murcia, SE Spain. The tomb hosted 1348 individuals (30.7% non-adults and 69.3% adults) over two contiguous funerary phases, spanning a large part of the third millennium BC, which makes it a reference site for knowledge of the Recent Prehistoric populations. For this purpose, we estimated different paleodemographic parameters (life tables, mortality rates and sex ratios) and compared them to model life tables of preindustrial populations and data from other contemporary peninsular series to evaluate possible demographic anomalies. The results suggest that Camino del Molino was home to individuals of all ages and sex. However, there is a clear under-representation of newborns and nursing/breastfeeding infants and an over-representation of 5–15-year-old individuals. These findings could indicate potential issues related to diet/weaning, disease and early inclusion in the economic activities of the group.
Open Access
Estudio comparativo de la fauna de Carábidos de algunas lagunas de la región Manchego-Levantina (España). (Coleoptera: Adephaga)
(Murcia: Universidad de Murcia, Servicio de Publicaciones, 1988) Galián Albaladejo, José; Andújar, A.; Serrano, José; Ortiz López, Antonio; Facultad de Biología
Se ha estudiado la fauna de Carabidae de las lagunas saladas de Pétrola, el Saladar y el Saiobraiejo (este de Albacete), que se compara con la de un saladar sublitoral en Albatera (Alicante). Este parece ser potencial- mente más rico eri especies halobias que los del interior, mientras que parece ocumr lo contrario con las especies halófilas. Ello sugiere que la fauna halobia de Carabidae vana gradualmente con la altitud, lo que implica que las conclusiones de otros autores sobre este tipo de enclaves de la Península Ibérica deben ser modificadas
Open Access
Estudio ecológico de Vitrea(Vitrea)contracta (westerlund, 1871) (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Stylonmatophora) en el noroeste de la Peninsula Ibérica
(Murcia: Universidad de Murcia, Servicio de Publicaciones, 1995) Hermida, J.; Ondina, P.; Facultad de Biología
Se estudia la relación de Vitrea (Vitreaj contracta (Westerlund, 1871) con 3 biotopos y 20 factores edáficos, en Asturias, León, Zamora y Salamanca (noroeste de la Península Ibérica). Los resultados obtenidos indican que V.contracta se encuentra principalmente en arbolados o zonas boscosas, y tiene preferencia por suelos ácidos (pH de suelo en KC14.4-7.0), con valores medios-altos de nitrógeno (0.23-1.4 %) y arcilla (1 1.6- 55.0 %), altos de limo grueso (11.6-37.0 %) y bajos de arena gruesa (1.0-21.0 %).
Open Access
Ethnoveterinary medicine and Ethnopharmacology in the main transhumance areas of Castilla-La Mancha (Spain)
(Frontiers Media, 2022-05-03) Rivera Núñez, Diego; Verde, Alonso; Fajardo Rodríguez, José; Ríos, Segundo; Alcaraz Ariza, Francisco José; Cárceles Rodríguez, Carlos; Ortiz Sánchez, Juana María; Valdés, Arturo; Ruíz-Gallardo, José Reyes; García-Flores, Aida; Palazón Ferrando, José Antonio; Obón, Concepción; Sanidad Animal
In this study, we document the practices of ethnoveterinary medicine and ethnopharmacology in the context of traditional transhumance routes that cross Castilla La Mancha from north to south. Transhumance is a type of grazing system that allows advantage to be taken of winter pastures (wintering places) and summer pastures by seasonal movement, twice a year, of cattle and their shepherds. Our study is based on over 200 interviews (from 1994 to 2021) conducted in 86 localities along eight major transhumance routes “cañadas reales” and 25 other minor transhumance routes, and involved 210 informants, 89 single and 121 groups, and 562 individuals, of which the majority were men. Sixty-three recorded pathologies and their treatments are discussed. Two hundred and two species and substances, belonging to 92 different families, have been recorded from the interviews, of which most are plants. Amid the toxic plant species, the most cited in the interviews are Erophaca baetica (L.) Boiss., Lupinus angustifolius L., and Oenanthe crocata L. Some of the species reported as toxic were reservoirs of pathogens or markers for dangerous areas. One of the fields most widely covered in our study is that of prevention, protection, and control of endo- and ectoparasites. This control is carried out mainly by means of aromatic plants. As a polyvalent species, Daphne gnidium L. is outstanding, and it contributes one-tenth of the records of our study. Among the species of fundamentally therapeutic use, Cistus ladanifer L. stands out by far. Principal Coordinate Analysis (PCoA) based on the repertories of ingredients, separates the routes whose most important sections run through siliceous terrain with its characteristic flora, especially in the provinces of Ciudad Real and Toledo, from the routes that run through the limestone terrain of Albacete and Cuenca, and link the Eastern Mancha and the “Serranía de Cuenca” with Andalusia and the Spanish Levant.
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Evaluating drivers of vulnerability to climate change: a guide for insect conservation strategies
(Wiley, 2012) Arribas, Paula; Abellán, Pedro; Velasco, Josefa; Bilton, David T.; MIillán, Andrés; Ecología e Hidrología
Ongoing global climate change presents serious challenges in conservation biology, forcing us to revisit previous tools and principles based on how species may respond to novel climatic conditions. There is currently a major gap between predictions of species vulnerability and management strategies, despite the fact that linking these areas is fundamental for future biodiversity conservation. Herein, we evaluate what drives vulnerability to climate change in three Iberian endemic water beetles, representing three independent colonizations of the same habitat, employing comparative thermal physiology, species distribution models and estimations of species dispersal capacity. We derive conservation strategies for each species based on their differential capacity to persist and/or potential to shift their ranges in response to global warming. We demonstrate that species may be affected by climatic warming in very different ways, despite having broadly similar ecological and biogeographical traits. The proposed framework provides an effective complement to traditional species vulnerability assessments, and could aid the development of more effective conservation strategies in the face of global warming.
Open Access
El genero Enterocola Van Beneden, 1860 (Copepoda: Ascidicolidae) en el Estrecho de Gibraltar
(Murcia: Universidad de Murcia, Servicio de Publicaciones, 1997) López González, P. J.; Conradi, M.; García Gómez, J. C.; Facultad de Biología
Enterocola pterophorus y E. mammiferus son recogidos por primera vez en la Península Ibérica. Además, E. mammiferus es encontrado por primera vez desde su descripción original. Las formas-hospedador de Enterocola pterophorus y de Enterocola mammiferus Chatton & Harant, 1922, asociadas a las ascidias coloniales Cystodytes dellechiajei (Della Valle, 1877) y Aplidium pallidum (Verril, 1871) respectivamente, a partir de material del Estrecho de Gibraltar (Península Ibérica) son descritas, discutidas y comparadas con las formas-hospedador conocidas. Además, la validez de los caracteres taxonómicos en el género son discutidos, mostrándose una tabla comparativa que incluye las cinco especies de Enterocola presentes en el Estrecho de Gibraltar.
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Habitat type mediates equilibrium with climatic conditions in the distribution of Iberian diving beetles
(Wiley, 2012) Sánchez Fernández, David; Lobo, Jorge M.; Millán, Andrés; Ribera, Ignacio; Ecología e Hidrología
Aim The contrasting habitat permanence over geological time-scales of lotic and lentic habitats may impose different constraints on the dispersal ability of their macroinvertebrate populations, and ultimately on the degree of equilibrium with current climate. We aim to test for differences between species typical of either habitat type in their potential versus realized distributions as a surrogate measure of degree of climate equilibrium, both in refuges and more recently deglaciated areas. Location Western Europe. Methods We focus on 99 Iberian diving beetles (family Dytiscidae). A multidimensional envelope procedure was used to estimate their potential distributions, which were projected for different spatial scales. At the continental scale we calculated the percentage of countries with climatically suitable conditions for each species over those actually occupied (range filling). At the regional scale, we estimated realized distributions using: (1) convex hull polygons for Sweden and the Iberian Peninsula; and (2) generalized linear models for the Iberian Peninsula. Results In the Iberian Peninsula, differences in the degree of equilibrium with climatic conditions between lotic and lentic species were few, if any.However, at the continental scale we found significant differences, with lentic species closer to equilibrium than lotic species. In the recently deglaciated area (Sweden) the subset of species with ranges wide enough to encompass Iberia and Scandinavia were mostly lentic, and all were closer to climatic equilibrium without significant differences between habitat types. Main conclusions Our results show that, at continental scales, climate equilibrium is not concordant between the habitat types across western Europe. We hypothesize that: (1) the differences between refuge areas in dispersal ability are erased probably due to long-term climatic stability, allowing enough time to reach equilibrium, and (2) the species with wide geographical ranges able to recolonize recently deglaciated areas should have the highest dispersal abilities, and are closer to climatic equilibrium.
Open Access
Haemosporidians in migratory blackcaps (Sylvia atricapilla), a comparison between autumn and spring periods of passage
(Murcia : Universidad de Murcia, Servicio de Publicaciones, 2010) Arizaga, Juan; Esparza, Xavier; Barba, Emilio
The spatio-temporal host-parasite relationships have a high interest to understand the coevolutionary processes between parasites and their hosts. Our main aim here was to analyse whether the prevalence and intensity of infection by haemoparasites in migrating blackcaps (Sylvia atricapilla), at a stopover site in N Iberia, varied throughout and between migration periods. Moreover, we studied whether the parasitaemia had any effect on fuel load. Blood smears were studied from 132 individuals. Only Haemoproteus spp. and Plasmodium spp. were detected. Trypanosoma spp., microfilaria or Leucocytozoon spp. were absent. The prevalence was 35% and it did not differ throughout and between periods or between age classes, but between the sexes. Prevalence was higher among males (45.5% versus 22.7%), suggesting that males were more prone to be infected, which could be due to sex-associated immunologic variations. The mean intensity of infection was low (2.8 parasites/2000 erythrocytes). We did not find any effect of parasitaemia on fuel load.