Browsing by Subject "Gliosis"

Now showing 1 - 3 of 3
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    Astrogliosis in different zones of the spinal cord gray matter after sciatic nerve axotomy in the newborn rat: A morphometric and immunohistochemical study
    (Murcia : F. Hernández, 2003) Tiraihi, T.; Masoudian, N.
    Astrocytic response following unilateral sciatic nerve axotomy was examined in the spinal gray matter of newborn rats. Using an antiserum to glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), immunoreactive astrocytes were studied in the ventral, dorsal and transitional region between the dorsal and ventral gray matters (TDVG) at intervals of one day, one week, two weeks and one month postaxotomy. The axotomized side showed an obvious increase in the number of immunoreactive astrocytes at one week, two weeks and one month after surgery. The numerical density per area of the glial cells (N(a)) was determined in all groups on both the intact and axotomized sides, and it increased in all groups at the axotomized sides. The percentage of glial cell increase (Pgi) was also determined. At the ventral horn Pgi increased at day one and continued to increase in all groups, while the increase in TDVG and the dorsal horn occurred at later time points. The total motoneuron count in the ventral horn at the axotomized and intact sides was done at all time points, and the percentage of motoneuron reduction (Pmr) was calculated, the highest Pmr being noticed at one month (41%). A nonlinear regression for Pmr and Pgi showed that the rate of Pgi was approximately double that of Pmr. The rate of glial cell increase at each time point (one day, one week, two weeks and one month groups) was calculated, and the highest rate of glial cell increase in the ventral horn occurred one week after axotomy, while the highest rate in the dorsal horn and TDVG occurred at the second week. The conclusion of the study is that there may be an initial post-axotomic proliferative phase of the glial cells, which was followed by a differentiation phase. Also a gradient of an increase in the rate glial cell proliferation was noticed from the ventral horn toward the dorsal horn, maybe due to stimulation by a paracrine factor.
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    Histopathological alterations in the striatum caused by Karwinskia humboldtiana (Buckthorn) fruit in an experimental model of peripheral neuropathy
    (2016) Díaz-Pérez, R.N.; Castillo-González, J.A.; Carcaño-Díaz, K.; García-Juárez, J.; Salazar-Lea, M.E.; Muñoz-Maldonado, G.E.; Montes-de-Oca-Luna, R.; Saucedo-Cárdenas, O.; Soto-Domínguez, A.
    The accidental ingestion of Karwinskia humboldtiana (Kh) fruit in humans and animals causes chronic or acute intoxication. Acute poisoning induces respiratory failure that progresses rapidly to death. Studies in animals intoxicated with Kh describe lesions in cerebral cortex, cerebellum, spinal cord, hippocampus and caudate nucleus. Kh intoxication in Wistar rats models the sub-lethal clinical phase observed in humans. Considering these reports, the present study analyzed the histopathological alterations within the striatum following experimental Kh intoxication. Twenty Wistar rats were divided into three groups (n=5) and were intoxicated with Kh fruit. A control group (n=5) was included. Animals were euthanized at several time points (48, 58 and 170 days post-intoxication). The brain was collected, divided and processed for conventional histology or electron microscopy. Sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, cresyl violet, KlüverBarrera, and toluidine blue. Immunolabeling was performed for glial cells in the striatum, and the samples were analyzed with light microscopy. Morphometric and statistical analyses were performed. In control group, neurons, axon bundles and neuropil had a normal appearance. At 48 days, hyperchromic neurons with apparent decreased size were observed interspersed among the normal neurons. At 58 days, we observed an increased number of hyperchromic neurons and disorganization of the myelin sheath and neuropil. At 170 days, these alterations persisted in the paralysis group. In treated groups, we observed signs of gliosis and increased axonal diameters. This study is the first report that describes the histopathological alterations within the striatum caused by chronic intoxication with Kh fruit in the Wistar rat
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    Neuroinflammation and gliosis in the injured and contralateral retinas after unilateral optic nerve crush
    (Elsevier, 2023-08-22) Cabrera Maqueda, José María; Boia, Raquel; Lucas Ruiz, Fernando; González Riquelme, María José; Ambrosio, Antonio Francisco; Santiago, Ana Raquel; Vidal Sanz, Manuel; Agudo Barriuso, Marta; Galindo Romero, Caridad; Oftalmología, Optometría, Otorrinolaringología y Anatomía Patológica
    The main purpose of this study is to analyze the effects of unilateral optic nerve crush in the gene expression of pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators, and gliosis markers in injured and contralateral retinas. Retinas from intact, unilaterally optic nerve injured or sham-operated C57BL/6J mice were analyzed 1, 3, 9 and 30 days after the surgery (n = 5/group and time point) and the relative expression of TGF-β1, IL-1β, TNF-α, Iba1, AQP4, GFAP, MHCII, and TSPO was analyzed in injured and contralateral using qPCR. The results indicated that compared with intact retinas, sham-operated animals showed an early (day 1) upregulation of IL-1β, TNF-α and TSPO and a late (day 30) upregulation of TNF-α. In sham-contralateral retinas, TNF-α and TSPO mRNA expression were upregulated and day 30 while GFAP, Iba1, AQP4 and MHCII downregulated at day 9. Compared with sham-operated animals, in retinas affected by optic nerve crush GFAP and TSPO upregulated at day 1 and TNF-α, Iba1, AQP4 and MHCII at day 3. In the crushed-contralateral retinas, TGF-β1, TNF-α, Iba1 and MHCII were upregulated at day 1. TSPO was upregulated up to day 30 whereas TGF-β1 and Iba1 downregulated after day 9. In conclusion, both sham surgery and optic nerve crush changed the profile of inflammatory and gliosis markers in the injured and contralateral retinas, changes that were more pronounced for optic nerve crush when compared to sham.