Browsing by Subject "El Salvador"

Now showing 1 - 4 of 4
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    Clinical and demographic features of HIV infection in El Salvador
    (World Health Organization, 2023) García-Vázquez, Elisa; Cedillo, Rolando A.; Wheeler, David A.; Medicina
    ABSTRACT: Objective: To understand some of the clinical and demographic features of the epidemic of infection by HIV in El Salvador prior to the availability of antiretroviral therapy in that country. Methods: We conducted a retrospective review of HIV-infected individuals who were admitted to Hospital Rosales, which is a large public teaching hospital in San Salvador, El Salvador, during the 5-year period of 1994 through 1998. Chart abstraction was done of 194 out of the 208 individuals admitted to the Infectious Diseases Unit at Hospital Rosales (14 charts could not be located). We also carried out a sampling of other HIV-infected adults treated in other parts of the hospital. Results: Of the 250 patients whose records we reviewed, 67% were men and 86% were from an urban area. The mean age at HIV diagnosis was 34 years. In terms of occupation, 50% of the men were day laborers; 76% of the women were housewives, and 8% of the women were commercial sex workers. All the women studied listed only heterosexual contact as their risk behavior. Of the men, 9% of them said they had sex only with men, 17% said with both men and women, and 65% said with female commercial sex workers. In terms of drug use, 2% of the patients reported they had used injection drugs at some point. At their initial medical visit to Hospital Rosales, over half of the 250 patients presented with a respiratory complaint or with diarrhea, 6% had pulmonary tuberculosis (TB), and 5% had extrapulmonary TB. Of the 250 patients, 177 of them (71%) had AIDS at the first medical visit. Of the 250, 138 of them (55%) were lost to follow-up. Of the remaining 112 persons, 81 of them (72%) were known to have died. Of those 81, 38 of them (47%) died of unknown causes and 21 (26%) died of TB. Conclusions: The HIV-infected adults treated at the Hospital Rosales during the 1994–1998 period were usually infected through heterosexual sex, were symptomatic at the time of presentation, and were often lost to follow-up. Utilizing the results of our study and of other research, efforts to expand early intervention, counseling and testing, and targeted prevention activities should be strengthened.
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    Discursos en (r)evolución. Lucha ideológica y captación de solidaridad en el movimiento revolucionario salvadoreño
    (2016-10-18) Cortina Orero, Eudald
    During the late sixties a New Left was conformed in El Salvador. It developed sparsely in the next decade. The revolutionary organizations held in this period a fierce ideological debate that was part of a struggle for hegemony within the revolutionary movement. In the early eighties, once unified in the FMLN, insurgent organizations increased their international activities with the aim of forming a broad movement of solidarity with the struggle of the Salvadoran people. They had to accommodate their speech to influence new actors, seeking to settle their proposals and demands on beliefs and social representations shared by these groups. The aim of this paper is to analyze the discursive strategy used by insurgents in the international arena. Through the analysis of the publications of the FMLN we will see the lines on which the insurgent discourse for international audiences is built. We will focus on the revaluation of concepts as "democracy" and "peace" in the rebel discourse and the gradual disappearance of Marxist political labels to characterize the Salvadoran regime, which would now be defined by its repressive profile, dependance of the United States and the absence of political representation; its undemocratic character.
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    El maestro visto por sus discípulos: Segundo Montes, sociólogo y defensor de los derechos humanos en El Salvador.
    (2019-04-15) Jiménez Gutiérrez, Arancha
    El artículo esboza un retrato del sociólogo y defensor de los Derechos Humanos Segundo Montes, jesuita vallisoletano asentado en El Salvador y asesinado el 16 de noviembre de 1989 en la Universidad Centroamericana ‘José Simeón Cañas’ junto a otros cinco hermanos de la Compañía de Jesús y dos trabajadoras. Figura imprescindible en la comprensión del ámbito de la defensa de los Derechos Humanos en El Salvador, muy especialmente durante la guerra civil que asoló el país, Montes fue docente e investigador, además de sacerdote. A punto de cumplirse 30 años de su asesinato, en este trabajo se analiza su figura y se resaltan la relevancia e innovación de sus investigaciones en el contexto de la realidad salvadoreña del siglo XX. Para ello, se parte de los testimonios de muchos de sus discípulos, de algunos colegas, de refugiados que conoció y asistió durante la guerra y de miembros de su comunidad parroquial.
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    Sobre populismo. Análisis del fenómeno demagogo/populista en España, El Salvador y Argentina.
    (Comunidad Autónoma de la Región de Murcia, Consejería de Educación y Cultura, Servicio de Publicaciones., 2024) López Pérez, Jorge
    La presencia del fenómeno populista se ha convertido en una realidad ineludible, habiendo demostrado su capacidad para prosperar en las sociedades democráticas del momento. Se impulsa pues una línea de investigación donde explorar la influencia de líderes populistas como Pablo Iglesias, Carles Puigdemont, Santiago Abascal, Nayib Bukele y Javier Milei. El populismo, así como la demagogia, poseen una falta de consenso académico mayúscula, empleándose ambos conceptos indistintamente de acuerdo a Guy Hermet (2003). Así, la presente investigación formula una nueva definición basada en la literatura científica para ambos conceptos. Asimismo, se profundiza en el comportamiento de los líderes investigados, destacando una serie de características que explican los enfoques políticos de los casos estudiados. A partir de tales características se obtienen los nexos que vinculan al fenómeno en las diferentes regiones seleccionadas. Además, se estudia el papel de las redes sociales en la política contemporánea. En definitiva, este estudio aporta un análisis de actores políticos que encarnan al fenómeno populista y ofrece una panorámica más amplia del modo en que el populismo, como fenómeno global, se adapta manifestándose en los diferentes entornos nacional e internacional, influyendo en la política y sociedad del Siglo XXI.