Browsing by Subject "Coxiella burnetii"

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    Aportaciones de la epidemiología espacial para el seguimiento y control de la fiebre Q: revisión sistemática
    (Facultad de Veterinaria y el Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Murcia, 2023) Martínez Ruiz, Catalina; Rivera Gomis, Jorge; Amores Iniesta, Joaquín; Sánchez López, Antonio; Contreras de Vera, Antonio
    La fiebre Q es una zoonosis de distribución mundial causada por Coxiella burnetii. Con gran número de hospedadores, son los rumiantes domésticos la fuente de infección más importante para humanos, principal-mente tras la inhalación de aerosoles contaminados o la cercanía a zonas con alta densidad ganadera infecta-da. Los sistemas de información geográfica (SIG) son cada vez más precisos, proporcionando bases de datos espaciales con las tendencias de las enfermedades infecciosas. Siguiendo el método PRISMA hemos buscado bibliografía en tres bases de datos: PubMed®, Scopus® y Web of Science y partiendo de 1584 referencias, se-leccionamos 86 artículos de 31 países publicados entre 1964 y 2021. El resumen de la información cuantitativa se codificó e incluyó en una tabla de Excel®. Los Países Bajos es el país con mayor número de referencias extraídas y los rumiantes domésticos los hospedadores más asociados a los brotes. La visualización de los mapas se mostró 60% de las referencias, mientras que un 20% utilizaron herramientas espaciales para realizar exploraciones o modelizaciones con el fin de predecir y controlar la incidencia de fiebre Q. Los programas más utilizados para crear mapas de símbolos y coropléticos fueron ArcGis y QGIS, los mapas isopléticos se usaron normalmente combinados con los dos tipos de mapas anteriores. Se manejaron software como SPSS y R para el análisis de los datos espaciales y modelos espaciotemporales aplicados a los SIG, como el modelo de densidad de Kernel o los modelos Bayesianos. Los SIG se han utilizado más en investigaciones de fiebre Q en sanidad animal que en salud pública y han demostrado el papel epidemiológico del viento en la dispersión de la infección o la cuantificación del riesgo de infección a humanos en relación con la proximidad a las granjas de cabras lecheras infectadas.
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    Urban landscape and infection risk in free-roaming cats
    (Wiley, 2022-02-07) Fanelli, A.; Carvalho, J.; Serrano, E.; Domenech, G.; Alonso, F.; Martinez-Carrasco, C.; González Candela, M.; Sanidad Animal; Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano, Bari, Italy; Department of Biology & Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal; Wildlife Ecology & Health group (WE&H) and Servei d'Ecopatologia de Fauna Salvatge (SEFaS), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Food Technology, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
    Despite public concern on the role of free-roaming cats as reservoirs of zoonotic agents, little is known about the influence of urban and peri-urban landscapes on the exposure risk. We evaluated the seroprevalence of three zoonotic agents (Chlamydia felis, Coxiella burnetii and Toxoplasma gondii) in domestic cats (Felis catus). Two hundred and ninety-one free-roaming cats were trapped in Murcia municipality (Southeast Spain), and their sera were tested for specific antibodies against T. gondii using a modified agglutination test (MAT), and for C. felis, C. burnetii and feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) antibodies with ELISA technique. Pathogen seroprevalence at 95% CI was calculated for each sex and age category (up to and over 12 months) and compared with a chi-squared test. The role of human population density and urban landscape characteristics on the risk of pathogen exposure in the cat population was explored using generalized linear models. Seropositivity against a single pathogen was found in 60% of the cats, while 19% was seropositive for two or three pathogens. Seroprevalence of C. felis was 8% (CI95%: 5–11), 37% (CI95%: 31–42) for C. burnetii and 42% (CI95%: 36–47) for T. gondii. In addition to these three pathogens, FIV seropositivity was low (1%, CI95%: −0.1 to 2) and adult cats were more likely to be seropositive to C. burnetii than young individuals (OR: 2.3, CI95%: 1.2–4.2). No sex or age class differences in seroprevalence were observed for the rest of the pathogens. Seropositivity was correlated with water surface areas for C. felis, and not with crop areas. Coxiella burnetii seropositivity was correlated with the percentage of urban areas (continuous with only buildings and discontinuous, that include buildings, parks, and pedestrian and urban green areas), human population size and peri-urban areas with shrubs, and not correlated with other agricultural landscapes (orchards and crop areas). However, the seroprevalence of T. gondii was only associated with agricultural landscapes such as orchards. The detection of hotspot areas of high pathogen exposure risk is the basis for municipal services to implement surveillance and risk factor control campaigns in specific-risk areas, including (a) efficient health management of urban cat colonies by geographical location, population census and health status monitoring of the components of each cat colony, (b) improvement of hygiene and sanitary conditions at the feeding points of the cat colony and (c) free-roaming cat trapping for health monitoring and, in the long term, to know the evolution of the health status of their populations.
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    Urban landscape and infection risk in free-roaming cats
    (Wiley, 2022-01-23) Candela, Mónica G.; Fanelli, Ángela; Carvalho, João; Serrano, Emmanuel; Domenech, Guillermo; Alonso, Francisco; Martínez Carrasco, Carlos; Enfermería
    Despite public concern on the role of free-roaming cats as reservoirs of zoonotic agents, little is known about the influence of urban and peri-urban landscapes on the exposure risk. We evaluated the seroprevalence of three zoonotic agents (Chlamydia felis, Coxiella burnetii and Toxoplasma gondii) in domestic cats (Felis catus). Two hundred and ninety-one free-roaming cats were trapped in Murcia municipality (Southeast Spain), and their sera were tested for specific antibodies against T. gondii using a modified agglutination test (MAT), and for C. felis, C. burnetii and feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) antibodies with ELISA technique. Pathogen seroprevalence at 95% CI was calculated for each sex and age category (up to and over 12 months) and compared with a chi-squared test. The role of human population density and urban landscape characteristics on the risk of pathogen exposure in the cat population was explored using generalized linear models. Seropositivity against a single pathogen was found in 60% of the cats, while 19% was seropositive for two or three pathogens. Seroprevalence of C. felis was 8% (CI95%: 5-11), 37% (CI95%: 31-42) for C. burnetii and 42% (CI95%: 36-47) for T. gondii. In addition to these three pathogens, FIV seropositivity was low (1%, CI95%: -0.1 to 2) and adult cats were more likely to be seropositive to C. burnetii than young individuals (OR: 2.3, CI95%: 1.2-4.2). No sex or age class differences in seroprevalence were observed for the rest of the pathogens. Seropositivity was correlated with water surface areas for C. felis, and not with crop areas. Coxiella burnetii seropositivity was correlated with the percentage of urban areas (continuous with only buildings and discontinuous, that include buildings, parks, and pedestrian and urban green areas), human population size and peri-urban areas with shrubs, and not correlated with other agricultural landscapes (orchards and crop areas). However, the seroprevalence of T. gondii was only associated with agricultural landscapes such as orchards. The detection of hotspot areas of high pathogen exposure risk is the basis for municipal services to implement surveillance and risk factor control campaigns in specific-risk areas, including (a) efficient health management of urban cat colonies by geographical location, population census and health status monitoring of the components of each cat colony, (b) improvement of hygiene and sanitary conditions at the feeding points of the cat colony and (c) free-roaming cat trapping for health monitoring and, in the long term, to know the evolution of the health status of their populations.