Browsing by Subject "Cadmium"
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- PublicationEmbargoAssessing lead and cadmium pollution at the mouth of the river Segura (SE Spain) using the invasive blue crab (Callinectes sapidus Rathbun, 1896, Crustacea, Decapoda, Portunidae) as a bioindicator organism(Elsevier, 2020-11-04) Salvat-Leal, Inmaculada; Verdiell, David; Parrondo, Paz; Barcala, Elena; Romero García, Diego; Ciencias SociosanitariasThe aim of this study was to evaluate Cd and Pb concentrations in the hepatopancreas, gills, muscle tissue and carapace of the crab Callinectes sapidus and in sediments from the mouth of the river Segura (SE Spain), an area that has undergone great anthropogenic change in recent decades. Lead concentrations were higher than Cd concentrations in the hepatopancreas, gills and muscles; no statistical differences were found between the sexes. Cadmium and Pb concentrations in sediments did not exceed the probable effect level in guidelines for the protection of aquatic life. The Biological Sediments Accumulation Factor (BSAF) was higher for Cd than Pb in the hepatopancreas, gills and carapace. For Cd, the hepatopancreas had the highest BSAF of all tissues, followed by gills. As well, the hepatopancreas had the highest Individual Mean Bioaccumulation Index (IMBI). The hepatopancreas and gills of the blue crab could thus be useful tissues for practical field monitoring of metal contamination in this ecosystem
- PublicationOpen AccessCadmium toxicity on cultured neonatal rat hepatocytes: Biochemical and ultrastructural analyses(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1991) Takeshi Hirano; Hiroshi Ueda; Kawahara, Akio; Fujimoto, Sunao
- PublicationOpen AccessCadmium- and lead-induced apoptosis in mallard erythrocytes (Anas platyrhynchos)(Elsevier, 2009-01) Romero García, Diego; Hernández-García, A.; Tagliati, C. A.; Martínez-López, E.; García-Fernández, A. J.; Ciencias SociosanitariasCadmium, lead and cadmium–lead (1:10) induced apoptosis were studied using mallard blood cells. The allowable range in concentrations were: 0.01–0.5, 0.1–5.0, and 0.01:0.10–0.50:5.00 mM, for cadmium, lead and cadmium–lead, respectively. The lowest EC50 achieved was for cadmium (0.2270.04 mM). Two doses from each treatment group were chosen to study apoptosis and the presence of metals in cells. The percentage of apoptotic cells increased as the concentration of metals increased. The percentage of cells with intracellular metals was high for both exposure levels and the quantity of intracellular metal was greater for exposure to high concentrations. Morphological alterations for all types of exposure were related to the diverse range of effects that these metals have on membranes. We suggest that the decrease in the number of erythrocytes observed in specimens suffering from lead and cadmium poisoning is related to the induction of apoptosis.
- PublicationEmbargoCarapace asymmetry: A possible biomarker for metal accumulation in adult olive Ridleys marine turtles?(Elsevier, 2018-02-20) Cortés-Gómez, Adriana A.; Romero, Diego; Girondot, Marc; Ciencias SociosanitariasThe Olive Ridley marine turtle (Lepidochelys olivacea) is characterized by individual morphological variability in the number and shape of scutes. The influence of pollutants on developmental instability and one of its con- sequences, the asymmetry of individuals, has been demonstrated in several species, especially invertebrates and some birds. However, the use of this asymmetry as a biomarker of contamination in adult individuals has never been explored. We developed an index to quantify developmental instability (DIx) based on the number and relative size of costal carapace scutes. The link between DIx and inorganic elements concentrations was explored in various tissues of stranded turtles from the Southern Mexican Pacific. The relationships between adult contamination and DIx could directly or indirectly reflect (i) the disruption of metal elimination in the adult stage dependent on embryonic perturbation and thus determining DIx, (ii) the difference in metal absorption de- pendent on DIx status, or (iii) DIx linked to other unknown factors.
- PublicationOpen AccessChronic microplastic exposure and cadmium accumulation in Blue Crabs(MDPI, 2022-05-05) Hernández-López, María; Romero, Diego; Ciencias SociosanitariasAquatic ecosystems are severely threatened by the presence of a multitude of pollutants. In seas and oceans, the amount of plastics continues to increase and there is great concern about toxic element accumulation. Specifically, cadmium (Cd), a toxic metal, is highly relevant to public health safety due to its ability to accumulate in the internal tissues of crustaceans; likewise, microplastics (MPs) are emerging as pollutants capable of causing alterations in marine organisms. The aim of this study was thus to evaluate the accumulation and distribution of Cd in the tissue of blue crabs (Callinectes sapidus) chronically exposed to MPs (25 µg L−1). In total, 24 crabs were exposed in water for 118 days to 2 types of MPs (virgin and oxidised). During the final 21 days of the experiment, the crabs were fed with tuna liver, a viscera in which Cd accumulates (mean of 7.262 µg g−1). The presence of MPs caused no changes in Cd concentrations in either the haemolymph or tissues (hepatopancreas, gills, and muscles) of the crabs, although for oxidised MPs, there was a positive correlation between Cd concentrations in the hepatopancreas and muscles, a relevant finding for food safety.
- PublicationEmbargoEsterase activity (EA), total oxidant status (TOS) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in gills of Mytilus galloprovincialis exposed to pollutants: analytical validation and effects evaluation by single and mixed heavy metal exposure(Elsevier, 2015-12-17) Franco, Lorena; Romero García, Diego; García-Navarro, José A.; Teles, Mariana; Tvarijonaviciute, Asta; Ciencias SociosanitariasThe aims of the present study were to optimize and validate methods for esterase activity (EA), total oxidant status (TOS) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) determination in mussel' gills, and to establish the relationships between these biomarkers and Pb, Cd and Cu pollution, in single form and ternary mixture. Two different buffers for sample homogenization, the need of ultracentrifugation, and analytical validation were evaluated. Coefficients of variation, when buffer without additives and ultracentrifugation were used, were b15%, and recovery were 97%–109% in all cases. The EA response tends to decrease with treatments, TOS decreased significantly in Cd and ternary groups, while TAC tended to increase in treatments with Pb, Cd and ternary groups. In conclusion, the methods for EA, TOS and TAC measurements in gills of mussel were precise and accurate and could be interesting resources in biomonitoring programmes.
- PublicationEmbargoEuropean eels and heavy metals from the Mar Menor lagoon (SE Spain)(Elsevier, 2020-06-20) Romero García, Diego; Barcala, Elena; Maria Dolores, Emilio; Muñoz, Pilar; Sanidad AnimalHeavy metal pollution is related to the fall in European eel (Anguilla anguilla) populations. The Mar Menor lagoon (SE Spain) is home to an endangered population of this species, which is still caught for human consumption. The presence of Pb, Cd and Hg in the livers and muscles and the Se:Hg ratio in muscle of 150 eels from this lagoon were determined. Pb concentrations were higher than those reported from other populations in the world, while Cd and Hg concentrations in the tissues analysed were lower. In terms of food safety, Se concentrations play an important role in sequestering Hg in eels from this lagoon.
- PublicationEmbargoInorganic elements in live vs dead nesting olive ridley marine turtles in the Mexican Pacific: Introducing a new statistical methodology in ecotoxicology(Elsevier, 2020-11-03) Cortés-Gómez, Adriana A.; Romero, Diego; Santos, Juan; Rivera-Hernández, José R.; Girondot, Marc; Ciencias SociosanitariasThis study reports the largest inorganic elements database in the blood of live marine turtles (Lepidochelys olivacea), with 241 live as well as 38 dead nesting turtles sampled and analyzed for 26 inorganic elements, includ ing essential (Al, As, B, Ca, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Ni, P, Se, S, V, and Zn) and non-essential elements (Cd, Li, Pb, Sr, Ti, Tl, and Hg). We compared inorganic element concentrations in live and dead olive ridleys from the arribada beach “La Escobilla” located on the Pacific coast of southeastern Mexico. The most outstanding result of our study is the higher Cd concentration in dead (mean 4.27 μg g−1 ww: min 0.01-max 81.5) compared with live animals (mean 0.14 μg g−1 ww: min 0.02-max 0.52). This population has been previously reported to have the highest Cd concentration worldwide in kidney and liver samples from marine turtles (with 150.88 ± 110.99 and 82.88 ± 36.65 μg g−1 ww, respectively). Other important findings of this study include the low Hg concen tration along with the decrease in Pb over the years in this population. The study also uses a new statistical method – the iconography of correlations – in which all available information is used without removing individ uals or variables with missing information for the whole analysis, which is a common problem in ecotoxicology. A major advantage of this method compared to other multivariate methods is that the missing information can be easily handled, because the correlations (2 variables) and partial correlations (3 variables) are estimated only with the available data using a one-at-a-time strategy. ©
- PublicationEmbargoLead and cadmium in wild boar (Sus scrofa) in the Sierra Nevada Natural Space (southern Spain)(Springer, 2016-05-14) Mulero, Rocío; Cano-Manuel, Javier; Ráez-Bravo, Arián; Pérez, Jesús M.; Espinosa, José; Soriguer, Ramón; Fandos, Paulino; Granados, José E.; Romero, Diego; Ciencias SociosanitariasThe aims of the present study were to investigate Pb and Cd levels in tissues of wild boar (Sus scrofa) from the Sierra Nevada Natural Space (SNNS) (southern Spain). Heavy metal concentrations in livers, kidneys and bones from 111 animals were determined by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). Bones and kidneys were the most Pb- and Cd-contaminated tissues, respectively; Cd concentrations were 5.6 times higher in kidneys than in livers. This is the first biomonitoring study of these pollutants in wild boar tissues in the SNNS, and findings indicate that this population is chronically exposed to these heavy metals. The detected Pb and Cd concentrations were lower than those found in many studies performed in Europe on the same species.
- PublicationEmbargoMeasurement of p-nitrophenyl acetate esterase activity (EA), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), total oxidant status (TOS) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in gills and digestive gland of Mytilus galloprovincialis exposed to binary mixtures of Pb, Cd and Cu(Springer, 2016-10-01) Franco-Martínez, Lorena; Romero, Diego; García-Navarro, José A.; Tecles, Fernando; Teles, Mariana; Tvarijonaviciute, Asta; Ciencias SociosanitariasThe aims of the present work were (1) to evaluate oxidative stress biomarkers and AChE in two tissues of wild mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis) of high biochemical activity and accumulation capacity (gills and digestive gland) and (2) to study the behaviour of these biomarkers in presence of heavy metals. For this, EA, TOS, TAC and AChE were measured in tissues of mussels exposed to binary combination of Pb, Cd and Cu. Mussels (n = 36) were exposed to one of the binary mixtures of Pb (1000 [mu]g L-1), Cd (100 [mu]g L-1) and Cu (100 [mu]g L-1) for 7 days, under controlled conditions. Gills and digestive gland were extracted and frozen at -80 °C until analysis. The automatic methods employed for the measurement of EA, TAC, TOS and AChE in M. galloprovincialis revealed higher levels of these biomarkers in digestive gland than gills. Study results suggest that gills would be the tissue of election for study oxidative stress markers, whereas digestive tissue should be selected for AChE measurements in case of evaluation of combined metal toxicity in mussels.
- PublicationOpen AccessMorphological characterisation of BGM (Buffalo Green Monkey) cell line exposed to low doses of cadmium chloride(Elsevier, 2003-01-23) Romero García, Diego; Gómez Zapata, M.; Luna, A.; García Fernández, A.J.; Ciencias SociosanitariasMorphological changes in the Buffalo Green Monkey (BGM) cell line after exposure to a subcytotoxic dose (0.062 mm, equivalent to EC10—effective concentration 10%) of cadmium chloride have been evaluated. Cells were exposed for 24 h and the effects observed at the ultrastructural level by transmission and scanning microscopy. Using transmission electron microscopy, the most notable findings in treated cells were the presence of intranuclear inclusion bodies and thin intracytoplasmic granules associated to myelin figures and the presence of apoptotic bodies. Other morphological alterations included cell vacuolisation and a reduced cytoplasm volume, condensation of the mitochondria and a decreased number of cytoplasmic organelles, except lysosomes and autophagic vacuoles, which increased in number. Scanning electron microscopy pointed to a cell with a disrupted perinuclear region and a decrease in the number of surface microvilli. We conclude that the BGM cell line may be considered an useful tool for toxicological studies involving cadmium.
- PublicationEmbargoRelationship between plasma biochemistry values and metal concentrations in nesting olive ridley sea turtles(Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature, 2018-10-30) Cortés-Gómez, Adriana A.; Tvarijonaviciute, Asta; Girondot, Marc; Tecles, Fernando; Romero, Diego; Ciencias SociosanitariasA hundred nesting olive ridley turtles were sampled to determine biochemical parameters (ALP, AST, ALT, creatinine, albumin, cholesterol, glucose, proteins, triglycerides, urea, and P-nitrophenyl acetate esterase activity). Esterase activity (EA) is a new biomarker very sensitive to metals. Most of the samples showed detectable levels. We also analyzed the concentration of 11 inorganic elements (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sr, Ti, Se, and Zn), some of them previously reported with very high concentrations in this population (especially cadmium with 82 and 150 μgg−1 ww in liver and kidney, respectively). Cadmium presented two negative relationships with creatinine and glucose. Some other understudied elements, Sr and Ti, for instance, presented five and four significant relationships with some biochemical parameters, respectively (most of them positive). EA was the parameter with most negative relationships (with Pb, Ti, As, Cr, and Se), reinforcing the results of other researchers in humans regarding the possible inhibition of EA by metals.
- PublicationOpen AccessThe influence of water pH on the genesis of cadmium-induced cancer in a rat model(F. Hernández y Juan F. Madrid. Universidad de Murcia: Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, 2015) Nai, Gisele Alborghetti; Golghetto, Gisele Maria Soria; Estrella, Mariani Paulino Soriano; Teixeira, Larissa Di Santi; Moura, Felipe do Carmo; Bremer Neto, Hermann; Pariz, José Luiz SantosCadmium is a heavy metal that is widely used in industry and can cause tumours in multiple organs. The purpose of our study was to investigate the effect of water pH in the genesis of cadmium-induced cancer. We divided 98 male Wistar rats into 7 groups: group A - 15 rats that received cadmium chloride (CdCl 2 – 400 mg/L) in their drinking water at a neutral pH of 7.0; group B - 15 rats that received CdCl 2 (400 mg/L) in their drinking water at an acidic pH of 5.0; group C - 15 rats that received CdCl 2 (400 mg/L) in their drinking water at a basic pH of 8.0; group D - 15 rats that received water at an acidic pH of 5.0; group E - 15 rats that received water at a basic pH of 8.0; group F - 15 rats that received water at a neutral pH of 7.0; and group G - 8 rats that were subcutaneously injected with a single dose of cyclophosphamide (50 mg/kg). Groups A through F were euthanised 6 months after the start of the experiment and group G was euthanised 24 hours after cyclophosphamide injection. We collected the liver, kidneys, pancreas, prostate, seminal vesicles and testes for histopathological analysis and the bone marrow for micronuclei testing. In all of the groups, neither neoplastic lesions nor an increase in micronuclei (p>0.05) were observed in the liver, kidney, pancreas, seminal vesicles and testes. We found that animals exposed to cadmium had grade one prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia, but this was found more frequently in animals from group B (p<0.05). The acidic pH increased the formation of pre-neoplastic lesions in the prostate glands of cadmium-exposed animals.