DigitalUM :: Browsing by Subject "Artificial intelligence"

Browsing by Subject "Artificial intelligence"

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Open Access
A multimodal study of the interplay between stress, executive function, and biometrics in game-based assessment
(Elsevier, 2024-05-15) Albaladejo González, Mariano; Gaspar Marco, Rubén; Tsai, Nancy; Gómez Mármol, Félix; Ruipérez Valiente, José Antonio; Ingeniería de la Información y las Comunicaciones
Managing stress is a crucial soft skill that affects cognitive performance and health. Stress detection through biometrics can be used to improve and evaluate stress management. However, measuring the effects of stress on biometrics and executive functions is difficult and dependent on the individual. Despite these challenges, this paper presents a case study that collects a comprehensive multimodal dataset with two stress metrics, four biometric signals, and twenty-two executive function metrics from Game-based Assessment (GBA) trace data specifically designed for this purpose. The experiments suggest that biometrics, especially the heart rate and skin temperature, are effective predictors of stress. Additionally, noteworthy correlations were observed between heart rate and certain executive function variables. The levels of GBA that measured shifting and processing speed showed a higher heart rate than the response inhibition levels. This case study, together with the developed stress detectors, enables the detection of persons who struggle to manage stress and measure their executive function performance under stressful situations.
Open Access
Actualidad en la educación médica con la inteligencia artificial generativa.
(Universidad de Murcia, Servicio de Publicaciones, 2025-11-25) Sánchez Giralt, Juan Antonio; Abad Santamaría, Beatriz; Canabal Berlanga, Alfonso; Sin departamento asociado
Objective: To analyse the current changes emerging in medical education following the advent ofartificial intelligence (AI) and to present some initiatives published by medical schools in this field.Methodology: Brief review of recent literature, in the form of a qualitative narrative synthesis, as wellas university web sources (2020-2025) on the introduction of generative artificial intelligence inmedical training. Results: We present a wide range of initiatives implemented at universitiesdedicated to medical education. The most commonly used resource being structured training atundergraduate and postgraduate level, master's degrees, expert qualifications, conferences andspecific training for teachers. Other notable initiatives include the creation of multidisciplinary cross-cutting groups to address the digital transformation of teaching, the development of guidelines and recommendations developed by universities for use by teachers and students, the formation ofresearch groups and the enhancement of simulation with artificial intelligence tools, among others.Conclusions: AI is transforming medical education, redefining content, methodologies, andassessments. Its integration promotes interdisciplinary models and training experiences based onsimulation, automated tutoring, and virtual environments. This evolution requires ensuringcompetencies in clinical AI, preserving professional judgement, and strengthening ethical,regulatory, and collaborative training for the responsible use of technology in medical practice.
Open Access
AI and wearable sensors in Higher Education to investigate Public Speaking Skills
(Universidad de Murcia, Servicio de Publicaciones, 2026-01-01) Gratani, Francesca; Capolla, Lorenza Maria; Dafoulas, Georgios; Tsiakara, Ariadni; Kapetanakis, Stelios; Nalli, Giacomo; Giannandrea, Lorella; Sin departamento asociado
La capacidad de comunicarse eficazmente con el público se considera una habilidad esencial para el avance profesional. Sin embargo, la literatura científica muestra que los trastornos de ansiedad se encuentran entre los trastornos mentales más comunes que padecen los oradores públicos. El presente estudio involucra a estudiantes universitarios de dos contextos y países diferentes y examina su ansiedad al hablar en público mediante el cruce de datos sobre autopercepciones cognitivas, reacciones fisiológicas (frecuencia cardíaca) y aspectos conductuales (expresiones faciales y movimientos corporales). También explora el potencial de los dispositivos portátiles y la inteligencia artificial en la recopilación y el análisis de datos para identificar diferentes perfiles de estudiantes según sus niveles de estrés y ansiedad al hablar en público. El análisis cruzado mostró una buena consistencia y reveló diferencias interesantes entre las dos muestras, incluyendo grupos relacionados con el estrés y estados emocionales. Los datos obtenidos animan a seguir investigando las variables asociadas con la oratoria y las habilidades oratorias. Los desarrollos futuros podrían explorar la contribución potencial de estas herramientas para ayudar a los profesores a diseñar una formación personalizada eficaz y discutir los resultados con los estudiantes para promover la conciencia de sus debilidades y fortalezas.
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AI-based environmental information system for decision making in public administrations.
(Taylor & Francis, CRC Press, 2024-12-30) Paniagua Arís, Enrique; García González, María Segunda; Martínez Béjar, Rodrigo; Información y Documentación
Increasingly, AI-based systems will be developed based on the analysis of behaviour and knowledge observed in the environment. The presence of algorithms in the context of environmental management allows the collection of data to design patterns of action. This paper presents a machine-understandable knowledge model scheme that categorises the environmental problems experienced in a water management environment from different analytical points of view. Then, an Artificial Intelligence method for automatic knowledge evaluation and integration is applied. The nature of these actions leads to the construction of more formal and rigorous processes in the future.
Open Access
An artificial intelligence-based model for knowledge evaluation and integration in public organizations.
(MDPI, 2023-10-28) García González, María Segunda; Paniagua Aris, Enrique; Martínez Bejar, Rodrigo; López Caballero, Juan A.; Gasparetto, Alessandro; Información y Documentación
In the construction of knowledge bases, it is very important to evaluate the quality of the knowledge entered into them. This is exacerbated in public administrations, where knowledge should be oriented towards public services. In this study, an artificial intelligence-based method for the evaluation of knowledge is described. This method takes advantage of the structure and contents of the knowledge representation schemas (representing the knowledge of the corresponding experts) to carry out knowledge evaluation. More precisely, the method allows the various comparisons between the schemas to be integrated and the overall schema to evaluate the contribution of each schema
Open Access
Análisis de la desaparición de las declaraciones aduaneras como elemento tributario esencial en el derecho tributario aduanero, en la era digital.
(Colex, 2025) Sanz Castaño, José Francisco; Universidad de Murcia. Grupo de investigación: Fiscalidad: Tecnología, Empresa y Sociedad.
Si la anunciada reforma aduanera es ejecutada, se llevará a cabo una transformación de gran calado en los procedimientos aduaneros, entre otros, la supresión de las declaraciones aduaneras. En el presente artículo analizaremos los avances tecnológicos en la evolución de la declaración aduanera electrónica. Pero también, cuestionaremos desde la perspectiva del Derecho tributario aduanero la supresión de una institución milenaria como es la declaración aduanera.
Open Access
Análisis de las tendencias educativas con relación al desarrollo de las competencias digitales
(Universidad de Murcia, Servicio de Publicaciones, 2022) Harris Bonet, Paola; Romero Romero, Gladys; Harris Bonet, María Alejandra; Llanos Díaz, Rossana
La crisis ocasionada por el COVID19 trajo consigo un nuevo paradigma en el campo educativo. Se hicieron necesarios planes para aprovechar adecuadamente todas las ventajas que ofrece la tecnología en este campo, pero también puso en evidencia las enormes brechas formativas que limitaron el buen desempeño de algunas actividades académicas. El efecto de esto ha llamado el interés de instituciones públicas y privadas para investigar y promover las competencias digitales de esta generación. En este artículo se analizarán algunas de las principales tendencias educativas que se vienen generando en los últimos años como: la Inteligencia Artificial, los Modelos Educativos Mixtos e Híbridos, los Recursos Educativos Abiertos y la Realidad Extendida. El análisis de cada uno de ellos evidencia cómo, algunos referentes citados en la literatura, permiten resaltar las características esenciales que se deben desarrollar en las competencias digitales que requieren en los profesionales de cara al futuro en cada una de estas tendencias tecnológicas. Los resultados de este análisis describen la incidencia del buen uso de los recursos tecnológicos para la mediación en los procesos de enseñanza aprendizaje, desde la perspectiva de docentes y estudiantes, así como la posibilidad de construir conocimiento a través de la permeabilización de los nuevos recursos tecnológicos.
Open Access
Application of machine learning for data analysis in paediatric dentistry: a systematic review
(SIOI, Italian Society of Paediatric Dentistry, 2025-05) Gómez Ríos, Inmaculada; Saura López, Virginia; Pérez Silva, Amparo; Serna Muñoz, Clara; Ortiz Ruiz, Antonio José; Dermatología, Estomatología, Radiología y Medicina Física; Facultad de Medicina
Aim: The study aims to assess whether the application of machine learning (ML) for database analysis enhances the approach to oral diseases in the paediatric population. Materials: Dental caries affects 514 million children worldwide. Artificial intelligence (AI), particularly ML, has seen increased utilisation in medicine and dentistry, handling data beyond human capacity to discern patterns and make predictions. PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Lilacs databases were searched. Topics covered include the impact of oral health on adolescents' quality of life, predictors of early childhood caries and of the need of second treatment under deep sedation, and the effectiveness of preventive dental services. Methods: Twenty articles meeting eligibility criteria were analyzed for quality using the QUADAS-2 scale. The systematic review adhered to the PRISMA statement, yielding 20 articles out of 1945 initially screened. Fourteen articles focused on caries prediction, highlighting socio-demographic, behavioural, and biological predictors. ML analysis revealed that children with early caries lesions incur higher costs for insurers, with those receiving sealants and fluoride demonstrating greater cost savings. Conclusion: ML algorithms can identify patterns in large datasets, enhancing approaches to paediatric oral diseases. Their integration into research and educational programs is recommended. Methodological guidelines and quality scales specific to such studies are necessary for improved scientific evidence.
Open Access
Artificial intelligence in Higher Education: Evaluating a Custom GPT for Teaching Planning in a Course on American History
(Universidad de Murcia. Servicio de Publicaciones, 2026) Carrasco-Rodríguez, Antonio; Sin departamento asociado
This study evaluates the applications of a ChatGPT assistant for teaching planning and content preparation in a university course on American History. The assistant was designed to support tasks such as the creation of theoretical content and practical activities, student training, and assessment. Methodologically, the study combines an iterative approach with a quantitative and qualitative evaluation of 10 specific uses of the assistant. The results highlight its potential to save time, enhance teaching materials, and optimize teaching and learning processes. However, limitations were also identified, including a lack of depth in some content, inaccurate bibliography recommendations, and the need for constant teacher supervision. The study concludes that generative artificial intelligence has significant potential as a support tool for educators and underscores the need for further empirical research in this field.
Open Access
Artificial intelligence predictor of circular economy actions in the social economy
(Springer, 2026-06-11) Gallardo Vázquez, Dolores; Santos Jaén, José Manuel; Paiva, Inna Choban de Sousa; Nuevo Gallardo, Cristina; Economía Financiera y Contabilidad; Facultades de la UMU::Facultad de Economía y Empresa
Corporate social responsibility (CSR) encompasses companies’ voluntary actions that integrate economic, social, and environmental concerns into their operations. Concurrently, the circular economy (CE) has emerged as a transformative organizational paradigm that replaces the traditional linear “take-make-dispose” model with a regenerative system to minimize waste and optimize resource use. This study harnessed artificial intelligence (AI) as a tool for predicting circular practices and exploring how CSRI can indicate organizations’ orientation toward CE principles. To this end, the research conducted partial least squares (PLS) structural equation modeling using SmartPLS software to analyze a sample of 129 social economy organizations in Spain. The findings confirm the validity of the proposed causal relationships and demonstrate the potential of AI-assisted analytical approaches for modeling complex constructs. Overall, the results contribute to the literature on the intersection of CSR and CE by providing theoretical and practical insights into how digital technologies can facilitate the transition from linear to circular business models in the social economy sector.
Open Access
Artificial Intelligence to support the training and assessment of professionals: a systematic literature review
(ACM, 2024-11-11) Albaladejo González, Mariano; Ruipérez Valiente, José Antonio; Gómez Mármol, Félix; Ingeniería de la Información y las Comunicaciones
Advances in Artificial Intelligence (AI) and sensors are significantly impacting multiple areas, including education and workplaces. Following the PRISMA methodology, this review explores the current status of using AI to support the training and assessment of professionals. We examined 83 research papers, analyzing (1) the targeted professionals, (2) the skills assessed, (3) the AI algorithms utilized, (4) the data and devices employed, (5) data fusion techniques utilized, (6) the architecture of the proposed platforms, (7) the management of ethics and privacy, and (8) validations of the proposals. The review highlights a trend in evaluating healthcare professionals (especially surgeons) motivated by the critical role of hands-on training in these professions. Besides, the review reveals that data fusion techniques and certain technologies, like transfer learning and explainable AI, are not widely utilized despite their huge potential. Finally, the review underscores that most proposals remain within the research domain, lacking the integration and maturity needed for sustained use in real-world environments. Therefore, most of the proposals are not currently available to support the training of professionals. The insights of this review can guide researchers aiming to improve the training of professionals and, consequently, their education.
Open Access
Challenges of technologizing teaching and learning at university
(Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, 2024-07-31) Monroy Hernández, Fuensanta; Métodos de Investigación y Diagnóstico en Educación
This narrative review addresses the challenge posed by the widespread extensive use of digital tools, i.e., technologization, in university education, highlighting three aspects. First, an overuse of digital tools by teachers is discussed, particularly slideware as the most frequently used technology. Concerns are raised as to how effective an extensive use of such a technology is in promoting learning. Additionally, the impact of electronic devices used by students, especially smartphones, is reviewed, and the decrease in comprehension and academic performance associated with reading digital texts and writing on digital media compared to printed format is highlighted. Finally, the impact of artificial intelligence (AI), specifically the ChatGPT language model, in education is discussed, addressing both its potential benefits and ethical and educational challenges. The integration and promotion of AI tools in education pose additional challenges, such as environmental impact, digital distractions, and educa-tional exclusion. A need for a balanced approach which follows the precautionary principle is emphasized, so educational institutions take preventive action to protect individuals and the environment, as well as to avoid potential harm when scientific evidence about an activ-ity or technology is uncertain or incomplete. The text underscores the importance of raising awareness about responsible use of technology in education and advocates for a critical and reflective approach in its application so Sustainable Development Goals may be achieved. -------------------
Open Access
Comparison of AI-generated and human-made animated videos for medical education: experts and students preferred AI over humans
(Servicio de Publicaciones. Universidad de Murcia, 2025) Kıyak, Yavuz Selim; Coşkun, Özlem; Budakoğlu, Işıl İrem; Kaya, Abdullah Bedir; Sin departamento asociado
Objective: This study compared medical students and experts, and evaluated a frames-to-video AI-generated problem-based learning (PBL) trigger against its scene-matched human-made animated counterpart in terms of evaluations and preferences. Study Design: A mixed-methods study was conducted at a medical school. Two scene- atched videos were used: an AI-generated video and an animated (human-made) video. Students (n=210; Years 2–5) viewed both videos in counterbalanced order and rated eight 5-point Likert items for each; they also indicated their preferred video for engagement, emotional impact, and PBL use. A multidisciplinary expert panel (n=104) evaluated only the AI video on comparable items and provided open-ended comments. Mann–Whitney-U tests compared experts with students on the AI video; Wilcoxon signed-rank tests compared students’ ratings across videos. Qualitative data nderwent thematic analysis. Results: Students rated the AI-generated video significantly higher than the animated video on all eight items (all p≤.026) and preferred it for engagement (83.8%), emotional impact (81.0%), and PBL use (79.0%). Experts’ ratings of the AI video were also high and exceeded students’ ratings on visual quality, distraction avoidance, and visual consistency (p≤.001). Qualitative themes highlighted realism, suitability for PBL sessions, and strong engagement, while suggested improvements included micro-continuity, pronunciation, and body language. Conclusion: Within the PBL context, a frames-to-video AI workflow produced a fully synthetic trigger that was preferred by students and endorsed by experts. AI-generated triggers appear feasible, acceptable, and educationally promising, provided attention is given to fine-grained audiovisual continuity and communication cues.
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Consideraciones generales sobre los derechos humanos y la inteligencia artificial a la luz del ordenamiento jurídico internacional
(Universidad de Varsovia, 2024) Gil Gandía, Carlos; Derecho Financiero, Internacional y Procesal; Facultad de Derecho
En el presente trabajo se analiza de forma general el desafío que la inteligencia artificial provoca en relación con los derechos humanos desde la perspectiva jurídica. En este sentido, este trabajo pone el foco en el derecho internacional en tanto ordenamiento jurídico a fin de poner de relieve el estado actual de la relación entre la inteligencia artificial y los derechos humanos y, en su caso, recomendar propuestas de mejora.
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Creative Industries and Narratives. Conversation with Stakeholders
(UCAM Publicaciones, 2025-05) Grandío Pérez, María del Mar; Zamora Medina, Rocío; Noguera-Vivo, José Manuel; Comunicación; Noguera Vivo, José Manuel; Grandío Pérez, María del Mar; Zamora Medina, Rocío; Comunicación y Documentación
Creative Industries and Narratives: Conversations with Stakeholders (2025) is a collective volume that gathers reflections and experiences from professionals in the audiovisual, technological, and cultural sectors. It is the result of a series of encounters organized within the framework of the COST Action CA18230 – Interactive Narrative Design for Complexity Representations (INDCOR). The book offers a multifaceted view of the current challenges and opportunities faced by creative industries in the digital age. Topics include immersive narratives, artificial intelligence, audience engagement, transmedia production, and interactive digital storytelling. Through curated interviews and dialogues with key stakeholders —including representatives from Sony Pictures, Meta, independent media organizations, and civic tech platforms— the book bridges academic research with industry practice. It contributes to the advancement of innovation in narrative design and cultural management, serving as a transfer tool between research, society, and the creative economy.
Open Access
El creativo invisible: inteligencia artificial y creación publicitaria
(Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, 2023-07-31) Fernández Rincón, Antonio Raúl; Comunicación
La aplicación de la inteligencia artificial a la industria publicitaria está experimentando un notable crecimiento. Aunque el uso de grandes volúmenes de datos ya venía experimentándose en publicidad para su aplicación en la fase de investigación y compra de espacios de difusión, el reto que ahora se plantea está relacionado con la posibilidad e incorporar la IA a las fases de creación y producción publicitaria. El objetivo de este trabajo es avanzar en el conocimiento o estado del arte del fenómeno y poner en evidencia mediante un diseño descriptivo algunos de los ejemplos de aplicación que podrían trazar los vectores de actuación en el futuro, del binomio Inteligencia Artificial y Creatividad Publicitaria. Las conclusiones de este trabajo tratan de expresar por una parte la escasez de trabajos que abordan el fenómeno desde una perspectiva científica y por otra parte que la aplicación de la IA a la fase de ideación publicitaria parece limitada a la prestación de una asistencia creativa más que al desarrollo de un trabajo independiente y al margen de la intervención humana. En definitiva, podríamos afirmar que la aplicación de la IA a la creatividad publicitaria se limita aún a lo anecdótico.
Open Access
¿Demasiados abogados? Postulación y acceso a la justicia civil en la era de la inteligencia artificial
(Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), 2024) Castillo Felipe, Rafael; Derecho Financiero, Internacional y Procesal
The present paper analyses the artificial intelligence future impact on mandatory representation in spanish civil proceedings. Firstly, the work studies the reasons for mandatory representantion and the constitucional limits to self-representation. Secondly, it analyses if artificial intelligence could condicionate these factors and what would be the adequate procedural acts to allow self-representantion with IA assistance. Finally, the work studies the disadvantages and perils which could create the conjuction between self-represented litigants and IA tools.
Open Access
Development and Use of AI-Assisted Case-Based Learningin Dental and Medical Education.
(Universidad de Murcia, Servicio de Publicaciones, 2025-12-12) Samsudin, Norsamsu Arni; Ahmad Amin Noordin, Khairul Bariah; Mohd Safuwan, Nur Arnida; Abdullah, Amelia; Yusop, Norhayati; Bin Mashod, Muhammad Nabil; Sin departamento asociado
El razonamiento clínico y las competencias diagnósticas se reconocen ampliamente comocomponentes esenciales en la educación médica y odontológica, aunque continúan siendo difícilesde desarrollar con resultados eficaces. El Aprendizaje Basado en Casos ha sido adoptado como unenfoque pedagógico estructurado para abordar diversos desafíos al involucrar a los estudiantes enescenarios clínicos reales. En los últimos años, se han introducido herramientas asistidas porinteligencia artificial, especialmente aquellas diseñadas para el desarrollo de casos clínicos y lacuración de información, con el fin de apoyar el sin sustituir los métodos de enseñanzatradicionales. Esta revisión narrativa sintetiza la literatura actual para examinar el papel de losenfoques asistidos por AI en la mejora de la experiencia de aprendizaje de los estudiantes depregrado, en términos de participación, motivación, integración del conocimiento y fortalecimientodel razonamiento diagnóstico dentro del marco del. La presente revisión también destacaconsideraciones prácticas para los educadores médicos y odontológicos, así como para los diseñadores curriculares, en cuanto a la integración de herramientas asistidas por como un mediopara reforzar las prácticas educativas clínicas, preservando la integridad educativa y los resultadoscentrados en el estudiante en la educación superior.
Open Access
Dialéctica de la Ilustración en tiempo de la razón algorítmica.
(Ateneo de Estudios Políticos (ACEP), 2024) Expósito Reyes, Saturnino
Desde este artículo, se busca analizar la actualidad de un libro que, en principio y debido a la celeridad con la que ha actuado la sociedad de la información y la tecnología digital, aparenta poca relación con la realidad contemporánea. Pues muchos y profundos han sido los cambios que se han dado en torno a su objeto de estudio, con la inclusión de la digitalización, los dispositivos móviles y las plataformas de streaming. De ahí que se realice un análisis de tales herramientas culturales, a través de la lectura que ofrecen las tesis contenidas en Dialéctica de la Ilustración. Debido a la amplitud del tema, y a la imposibilidad de abordarlo en el espacio que permite un artículo, la investigación se enfoca sobre la música y los nuevos hábitos y ritos de consumo en torno a ella.
Open Access
Distributed real-time SlowDoS attacks detection over encrypted traffic using Artificial Intelligence
(Elsevier, 2021) Garcia, Norberto; Alcaniz, Tomás; González Vidal, Aurora; Bernal Bernabé, Jorge; Rivera, Diego; Skarmeta Gómez, Antonio; Ingeniería de la Información y las Comunicaciones; Facultades de la UMU::Facultad de Informática
SlowDoS attacks exploit slow transmissions on application-level protocols like HTTP to carry out denial of service against web-servers. These attacks are difficult to be detected with traditional signature-based intrusion detection approaches, even more when the HTTP traffic is encrypted. To cope with this challenge, this paper describes and AI-based anomaly detection system for real-time detection of SlowDoS attacks over application-level encrypted traffic. Our system monitors in real-time the network traffic, analyzing, processing and aggregating packets into conversation flows, getting valuable features and statistics that are dynamically analyzed in streaming for AI-based anomaly detection. The distributed AI model running in Apache Spark-streaming, combines clustering analysis for anomaly detection, along with deep learning techniques to increase detection accuracy in those cases where clustering obtains ambiguous probabilities. The proposal has been implemented and validated in a real testbed, showing its feasibility, performance and accuracy for detecting in real-time different kinds of SlowDoS attacks over encrypted traffic. The achieved results are close to the optimal precision value with a success rate 98%, while the false negative rate takes a value below 0.5%.