Histology and histopathology Vol. 6, nº 3 (1991)
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- PublicationOpen AccessHelicobacter pylori in Barrett's esophagus(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1991) Ferreres, Joan-Carles; Fernández, Fidel; Rodríguez Vives, Agustín; González-Rodilla, Irene; Ursúa, Inmaculada; Ramos, Rafael; Val-Bernal, José FernandoBarrett's esophagus is an anatomicoclinical state in which, due to the prolonged action of gastroesophageal reflux, the squamous epithelium is replaced by columnar epithelium. Helicobacter pylori has been implicated in the pathogenesis of various gastrointestinal disorders and has occasionally been observed in Barrett's esophagus. The aim of this study is to determine the incidence of H. pylori in Barrett's esophagus and try to establish its role in the pathogenesis of this disorder. H. pylori was observed in 31 biopsies (44.3%) of the 70 studied, mainly when the epithelium is of the gastric atrophic-fundic type (p < 0.01). Its presence shows no relation to the degree of inflammatory activity and does not seem, therefore, to play an important role in the pathogenesis of the lesion.
- PublicationOpen AccessUterine Müllerian adenosarcoma with histiocytic (xanthomatous) mesenchymal component(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1991) Reymundo García, C.; Toro Rojas, M.; Morales Jiménez, G.; López Beltrán, A.; Nogales Ortíz, F.We present an endometrial Müllerian adenosarcoma in which the sarcomatous component showed prominent nests of foamy cells that accounted for 50% of the neoplastic mesenchyma. Such foamy cells showed occasional cytological atypias and immunohistochemical features of histiocytic (macrophagic differentiation in the absence of changes that could substantiate the presence of an inflammatory infiltration of foamy histiocytes. These facts suggest histiocytic differentiation from neoplastic mesenchymal cells. Such differentiation has been reported in association with malignant mixed mesodermal tumor, but not in Müllerian adenosarcoma
- PublicationOpen AccessAlkaline phosphatase, 5'-nucleotidase and magnesium-dependent adenosine triphosphatase activities in the transitional epithelium of the rat urinary bladder(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1991) Zhang, S.X.; Kobayahsi, T.; Okada, T.; García del Saz, E.; Seguchi, H.The cerium-based method was used to demonstrate cytochemically the ultrastructural localization of alkaline phosphatase (ALPase), 5'- nucleotidase (5'-Nase) and magnesium-dependent adenosine triphosphatase (Mg-ATPase) on the transitional epithelium of the rat urinary bladder. The reaction product for ALPase was found on the plasma membrane of al1 epithelial cells, except the luminal surface of superficial cells. The activity of 5'-Nase appeared on the plasma membrane of al1 bladder transitional epithelial cells, including the free surface of superficial cells. The Mg-ATPase reaction product was seen on the plasma membrane of superficial, intermediate and basal cells, but never on the luminal surface of superficial cells and it was only occasionally seen on the basal surface. The possible functions of these phosphatases have been discussed, and it was emphasized that the 5'-Nase activity present on the luminal surface of superficial cells may play a special role in the membrane movement of these cells in the transitional epithelium.
- PublicationOpen AccessElectron microscopic study of the effects of endotoxin on the cells of the hepatic sinusoid in normal and BCG sensitized mice(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1991) McCuskey, Patricia A.; McCuskey, Robert S.Electron microscopic studies were conducted to access ultrastructural alterations in Kupffer cells and other cells lining the hepatic sinusoids at the peak of mediator release two hours after challenge with low doses of endotoxin under various conditions including reticuloendothelial system (RES) expansion and activation with BCG. BCG is known to sensitize animals to endotoxin rendering normally innocuous, low doses of endotoxin lethal. Low non-lethal doses (5 pg) of endotoxin activated Kupffer cells as well as caused isolated foci of cellular injury. However, animals which were treated with BCG had a highly activated and expanded RES system as evidenced by enlarged Kupffer cells with many extended cellular processes. Granulomas were prevalent and many reactive cells were present. After two hours marked cellular injury occurred to sinusoid lining and parenchymal cells when BCG treated animals were challenged with these same low doses of endotoxin. Cellular debris, fibrin, and platelets were observed in sinusoids often associated with Kupffer cells. These results suggest that the functional state of Kupffer cells is an important determinant in the host response to endotoxin. While there appears to be an effective clearance of endotoxin; the release of mediators by the highly activated Kupffer cells can be toxic causing hepatocellular injury.
- PublicationOpen AccessDecalcification by perfusion. A new method for rapid softening of temporal bones(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1991) Nilsson, Magnus; Hellström, Sten; Albiin, NilsWe describe a new technique, decalcification by perfusion, for the softening of bony tissue. The blood circulatory system was perfused in 16 rats via a cannula through the left heart ventricle with a fixative followed by New DecalcR (an acidic demineralizer) for 30-240 minutes. Perfusion decalcification for 120 minutes softened al1 heads and middle ear specimens could be easily sampled and prepared for studies by both light and electron microscope. For comparison, a conventional immersion technique required 72 hours of decalcification to accomplish softening. The perfusion technique considerably reduced the time needed to decalcify the tissue and preserved the morphology better than did the immersion procedure.
- PublicationOpen AccessEffect of nitrendipine, a calcium antagonist, on cell volumen in rat salivary glands after isoproterenol stimulation(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1991) Carter, Laurie C.; Nickerson, Peter A.Four days of isoproterenol injections induced a marked enlargement of the rat parotid and submandibular glands reflected in significant increases in the absolute and relative wet and dry weight of the glands. The enlargement in parotid gland was attributable at least in part to cellular hypertrophy inasmuch as the average volume per cell of acinar cells increased. In contrast, the average volume of acinar cells in the submandibular gland was decreased as compared to that of control. It is likely that hyperplasia in both groups accounts in part for the enlargement. The slow calcium channel is unlikely involved in the isoproterenolinduced stimulation of the gland, inasmuch as the calcium channel antagonist did not modify the enlargement of the parotid or submandibular glands.
- PublicationOpen AccessMyofibroblasts and myoepithelial cells in the chicken Harderian gland(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1991) Cacho, Emilio del; Gallego, Margarita; Felices, Carlos; Bascuas, J.A.An electron microscopic study of the myoepithelial cells in the chicken Harderian gland provides evidence that these cells can be transformed into myofibroblasts. After the application of a Brucella ovis suspension in sterile saline onto the eyeball, every 5 minutes for half an hour, myoepithelial cells gradually develop over a 90-minute period the characteristic features of myofibroblasts: bundles of intracytoplasmic microfilament; abundant rough endoplasmic reticulum; prominent Golgi complex; and surface membrane differentiations, that provide attachment to neighbouring epithelial cells. No typical desmosomes are observed. Besides, the intercellular space between epithelial cells and myofibroblasts increases and the basement membrane adjacent to myofibroblasts disappears. Hypoxia is hypothesized to be involved in the transformation of myoepithelial cells into myofibroblasts.
- PublicationOpen AccessPathological changes in dendrites of substantia nigra neurons in Parkinson's disease: a Golgi study(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1991) Patt, Stephan; Gertz, Hermann-Josef; Gerhard, Lieselotte; Cervós-Navarro, J.Neurons of the substantia nigra show severe morphological changes in Parkinson's disease. Pathological alterations of cell bodies have been described, whereas those of neuronal processes have hardly been investigated. Golgi impregnation has been the chosen method for demonstrating neuronal processes and dendritic and somatic spines. We therefore used the Golgi-Braitenberg method to qualitatively and semi-quantitatively study the substantia nigra of eight patients with Parkinson's disease compared with eight control cases. Golgi impregnation of substantia nigra neurons was good in al1 control cases. In full agreement with the analysis of Braak and Braak (1986) three neuronal types within the substantia nigra were found. In cases of Parkinson's disease, severe pathological changes such as decrease of dendritic length, loss of dendritic spines and severa1 types of dendritic varicosities were found only in the melanin-containing pars compacta neurons. Pars reticulata nerve cells were intact. These findings support the predominant role played by the dopaminergic efferent pathway in the degenerative process. The afferent pathway was not affected. This suggests that the substantia nigra lesion is primary in Parkinson's disease. Loss of neurons found in H & E sections corresponded to a lesser amount of impregnated pars compacta neurons in cases with Parkinson's disease when compared to controls. Evidences exist that the duration of the disease may be related to the extent of pathologically altered Golgi-impregnated pars compacta cells. The amount of Lewy bodies in H & E sections corresponded to the quantity of round varicosities in impregnated pars compacta neurons. These round dendritic varicosities were considered to be Lewy body inclusions. They seem to have no influence on the dendritic spine density and morphology in most cases.
- PublicationOpen AccessCircadian and seasonal variations in pineal gland intercellular canaliculi in the white rat(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1991) Martínez Soriano, F.; Cimas García, C.; Ruíz Torner, A.Seventy Wistar rats are used to study the changes in pineal intercellular canaliculi over a 21-hour period and for two different photoperiods (pre-autumn, first week of September, and winter, first week of February). The study considers these changes at pineal body, cortical and medullar level separately, and compares the values obtained. The results show variations in canalicular surface at different point times (10:00, 14:00,18:00) and for both photoperiods. The variations are found to favour the cortical layer, and are also observed between nocturna1 and diurnal hours. Canalicular surface to greater during the diurnal hours of both photoperiods. Interesting histological findings are described that suggest an important function of the intercellular canaliculi in pineal gland metabolic exchange.
- PublicationOpen AccessMalignant blue nevus. Report of four new cases and review of the literature(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1991) Boi, S.; Barbareschi, M.; Vigl, E.; Cristofolini, M.Malignant blue nevus is a rare melanotic tumor of the skin arising from a pre-existing blue nevus. To date only few cases have been reported. The diagnosis of malignant blue nevus is frequently difficult. Generally accepted criteria do exist, but their application may be controversial. The present paper reports four new cases of malignant blue nevus with follow-up of 3-5 years. Our present data, along with those of the literature, suggest that malignant blue nevus may be more aggresive than generally thought.
- PublicationOpen AccessSerotonin immunoreactivity in the intermediate lobe of the rat pituitary(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1991) Carvajal, J.C.; Carbajo, S.; Carbajo-Pérez, E.; Castro, S.; Rodríguez, J.Immunocytochemical staining for serotonin (5-HT) in paraffin-embedded sections of rat pituitary resulted in the localization of reactive nerve fibres and cell bodies in the intermediate lobe. Immunostaining was also found in the anterior and posterior lobes. Labelled nerve fibres appear to enter the intermediate lobe from the neural lobe through the interlobular spaces. These fibres are relatively scarce and lightly stained. Neuroglandular contacts were identified between varicose nerve endings containing serotonin and immunoreactive perykarion. It is not clear whether intermediate lobe cells produced 5-HT themselves or, alternatively, these cells take in 5-HT from serotoninergic nerve terminals.
- PublicationOpen AccessMorphological examination of epididymal epithelium in the mule (E. hinnus) in comparison with parental species (E. asinus and E. caballus)(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1991) Arrighi, S.; Romanello, M.G.; Domeneghini, C.Following previous studies about the ultrastructure of male genital tract in parental species, a comparative study of epididymis of one of the possible hybrids, the mule, has been undertaken. Apart from small differences, general features of epididymal epithelium in the mule are similar to those of parental species. However, extension of our studies from the donkey to the horse to the hybrid permits a deeper insight into the morphology of this tract of excurrent duct. In the meantime, it is possible to evidence some features, sometimes shared with other species if taken separately, which in the whole characterize the epididymis in Equidae: the presence in principal cells of intranuclear inclusions and peculiar small granules in the basa1 cytoplasmic edge; the organization of groups of cells, likely to be principal ones, in such a way as to constitute intraepithelial crypts; a cumbersome presence of lipofuscinic matter al1 along the epithelium. Another interesting observation is the presence in the mule epididymis of well recognizable macrophages. Al1 these data are discussed in comparison with parental species and with other species described in literature. Beyond any other consideration, it can be outlined that the complex morphology of the epithelium lining ductus epididymis in the mule is unaffected by the absence of spermatozoa, which are normally the target of the manifold functions of the epithelium itself.
PublicationMetadata onlyLeukocyte immunophenotypes in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and peripheral blood of paracoccidioidomycosis, sarcoidosis and silicosis(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1991) Tapia, F.J.; Goihman-Yahr, M.; Cáceres-Dittmar, G.; Altieri, E.; Gross, Ana; Isturiz, G.; Rosquete, R.; Viloria, N.; Ávila-Millán, E.; Carrasquero, M.; Borges, N.S.; Fernández, B.P.de; Rothenberg, A.; Albornoz, M.B.de; Pereira, J.; Gómez, M.H.de; San Martín, B.; Román, A.de; Bretaña, A.Leukocyte subsets in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid and peripheral blood of patients with paraccoccidioidomycosis, sarcoidosis and silicosis were characterized using monoclonal antibodies and an immunoperoxidase technique. In paraccocidioidomycosis, the number of T-helperl inducer CD4-positive lymphocytes was lower in peripheral blood than in BAL fluid. Additional analysis showed that the expression of HLA-DR was very similar in alveolar macrophages, lung and blood T-cells. In sarcoidosis and silicosis there were higher proportions of T-helperlinducer cells in peripheral blood than in BAL fluid. The alterations in the T-helperlinduceriT-suppressorl cytotoxic CD4lCD8 ratio in sarcoidosis and silicosis were more appreciable in peripheral blood than in BAL fluid, contrasting with the results in paracoccidioidomycosis. The expression of HLA-DR by alveolar macrophages in sarcoidosis was the highest of al1 the diseases studied. No statistically significant differences were observed between chronic multifocal and chronic unifocal paracoccidioidomycosis disease, stage 11 and stage 111 sarcoidosis, and chronic and accelerated silicosis. The three granulomatous diseases analyzed had a few alveolar macrophages expressing the CD4 molecule on their surface. These findings and the technique of analyzing both peripheral blood and BAL leukocyte subsets may help to understand the pathogenesis of interstitial lung diseases.