Histology and histopathology Vol. 4, nº 2 (1989)

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SEM and TEM study of caprine superficial lymph nodes
(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1989) Faroon, O. M.; Henry, R. W.; Al-Bagdadi, F.K.
The splenic capsule was characteristic, having dense connective tissue. Smooth muscle cells and unmyelinated nerve fibers were observed. Smooth muscle cells were found to be independent of blood vessels in both the capsule and trabeculae. Littoral cells separated the capsule from the subcapsular sinus. Highly branched reticular cells were associated with the sinuses. The cellular components (large and small lymphocytes, plasma and mast cells, and macrophages) of the cortex and medulla were observed and described. No Golgi apparatus was observed in small lymphocytes and two surface types (rough and smooth) were observed on lymphocytes. Russell bodies were not observed in plasma cells. The paracortical postcapillary venule had cuboidal endothelium with microvilli. Two shapes of lymphocytes were seen associated with the endothelium of postcapillary venules.
Open Access
Effects of glia-conditioned medium on primary cultures of central neurons
(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1989) Conde Guerri, B.; Sinués Porta, E.; Arrazola Schlamilch, M.; Comuñas González, F.; Maldonado, V. Calatayud
The effects of glia conditioned media on the survival and differentiation of embryonic neuron cultures of the Central Nervous System is described. We established glial cultures of peritumoral areas and the culture medium was changed serially and collected as glia conditioned medium (GCM). Neuron enriched cultures plated on poly-L-lysine coated Petri dishes and after 4 days in vitro. the neuronal cultures were treated for the inhibition of glial cells. We established two groups of neuronal cultures that were respectively exposed to the GCM and to conventional culture medium. We evaluated the survival and differentiation of neuronal population in each group of cultures by contrast-phase microscopy and cellular uptake of Horse Radish Peroxidase. The cell cultures exposed to GCM showed a survival during the in vitro stages and an organization and differentiation pattern of mature neurons larger than the control cultures. This fact suggests that the glial cultures produce a diffusible neurotrophic factor that influences the neuronal response in vitro.
Open Access
A histopathological and morphometrical study of femur head cartilage in Wistar rats treated with prednisolone
(1989) Barrueco, J. L.; Gázquez, A.; Redondo, E.; Roncero, V.; Durán, E.
An analysis was made of histopathological developments in femur head cartilage in a group of Wistar rats receiving a daily intra-muscular injection of 2.5 mg prednisolone. This group was divided into four experimental batches, each consisting of 6 rats. Batches were sacrificed at 15,30,60 and 90 days after the start of the experiment. Degeneration of the femur head cartilage was observed from the start of the experiment (15 days), and gave rise to chondrocyte necrosis by 90 days. Structural modifications are shown morphologically and morphometrically.
Open Access
Structural changes in glomeruli and proteinuria in streptozotocin diabetic rats
(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1989) Al-Awadi, Farida M.; Al-Adnani, M. S.
In streptozotocin induced diabetes in rats, excretion of urinary protein fractions were studied in relation to structural changes in the renal glomeruli, using light and transmission electron microscopy. After six weeks of induced diabetes only 01 and B2 plasma globulins were significantly elevated. The amount of excreted proteins and degree of glomerular changes were not proportional. In the initial stages (1-2 weeks) glomerular structural changes were very mild and were accompanied by significantly elevated proteinuria. This progressed (4-8 weeks) to moderate to prominent structural changes with intermittent proteinuria except for the fractions 01 & B2 which were elevated throughout the duration of the experiment. The amount of proteinuria was not proportional to changes in the plasma protein levels. The following conclusions may be made: 1) The mild early glomerular abnormalities seem to be mainly due to acute metabolic disturbances. 2) An early indication of diabetic nephropathy is provided not only by albuminuria, but may also be an elevated excretion of betaglobulin fractions. 3) Decrease of albuminuria in the later stages of diabetes may be related to the deposition of albumin as a basement membrane - like material in the mesangium.
Open Access
Formalin-induced experimental sclerosing cholangitis in the rat
(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1989) Kotzampassi, K.; Eleftheriadis, E.; Tzioufa, V.; Alvanou, A.; Dadoukis, J.; Foroglou, Ch.; Aletras, H.
The few reported cases of sclerosing cholangitis following removal of an echinococcus cyst are thought to be a consequence of the chemical action of formalin used for sterilization of the residual cavity. The aim of this study was to assess this hypothesis. We injected 0.15ml of 2% buffered formalin solution into the central hepatic lobe of five rats, after a midline laparotomy. At 6, 12, 18 and 24 weeks after formalin injection al1 rats were reoperated upon and a sample of hepatic parenchyma from both the central and the left hepatic lobe was obtained for microscopic evaluation. Our findings, dilatation of portal tracts and bile canaliculi, thickening of the pericanalicular cytoplasm, portal and periportal inflammatory cell infiltration and fibrosis and enlargement of the perisinusoidal space of Disse, suggest that 2% formalin solution leads to the development of essential phenomena of cholestasis and sclerosing cholangitis in the rat, so thus it should be avoided in liver hydatid disease surgery.
Open Access
Pineal gland in rats with 7,12-dimethylbenz (a) anthracene-induced mammary tumors subjected to manipulations known as enhancers of pineal actions
(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1989) Cos, S.; Bardasano, J. L.; Mediavilla, M. D.; Sánchez Barceló, E. J.
The ultrastructure of pinealocytes was studied in rats with 7,17-dimethylbenz (a) anthraceneinduced manimary tumors which were subjected to experimental manipulations known as enhancers of pineal actions (anosmia, underfeeding or cold exposure). In these aniinals we found: (1) - more nuclei with deep nuclear invaginations; (11) - a large number of cytoplasmic organelles, including lipid droplets. myeloid bodies, synaptic ribbons and lysosomes; (111) - numerous degenerative changes. In general, we found an increase in structural features related to pineal photoneuroendocrine activity. Our results indicate that pineal-dependent inhibition of neoplastic growth induced by these experimental manipulations, previously reported, can be mediated through an increase in pineal metabolic activity.
Open Access
Ultrastructural analysis of HNK-1 + cells in human peripheral blood and lymph nodes
(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1989) Yuda, Fumiaki; Terashima, Kazuo; Dobashi, Michio; lshikawa, Masakazu; lmai, Yutaka
HNK-1 positive (HNK-1+) cells in human peripheral blood and lymph nodes were comparatively analysed by means of immunohistochemistry and immunoelectron microscopy. In peripheral blood, the HNK-1' cells were grouped into large granular lymphocytes (LGLs), small lymphocytes and intermediate forms, al1 of which had many fine cytoplasmic processes. Except for smoothsurfaced lymphocytes, they could not be distinguished from helperlinducer T (OKT41Leu3a) cells and suppresssor/cytotoxic T (OKT81Leu2a) cells. In double staining, HNKlfT3- cells and HNK-1+T3+ cells could not be clearly distinguished in terms of morphology, although the former contained many LGLs. The HNK-1+ cells in the lymph nodes accumulated in the light zones of the germinal centers (GCs). These cells were small to medium-sized lymphocytes with few electron-dense granules and exclusively co-expressed helperlinducer T cell antigens (HNK-1+T4+). Their cytoplasmic projections were interwoven with those of the follicular dendritic cells which trap immune complexes for a long duration. These configurations suggesl that HNK-1+T4+ cells in GCs are engaged in an immunological regulation of germinal center cells. On the other hand. large blastic HNK-1+ cells were scattered outside the GCs and some of them were in the process of mitosis. Furthermore, HNKl+ LGL-like cells with a few large electron-dense granules were rarely seen. These observations indicate that the HNK-1+ cells in the lymph nodes may proliferate outside GCs and differentiate into LGLs with a strong natural killer function.
Open Access
Thymoma: A clinico pathological study of 21 cases and assessment of prognostic features
(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1989) Menon, R. S.; Umar, M. H.; Geel, A. N. van; Murcia : F. Hernández
This is a retrospective and comprehensive study of 21 cases of thymoma treated during a period of 30 years (1954-1984). The tumors were staged into 3 categories: stage 1 for encapsulated completely resectable tumor, stage 2 for nonresectable intrathoracic tumor and stage 3 for tumor with extrathoracic spread. According to their lymphocytic content tumors were separated into 3 groups: 1) predominantly epithelioid (PE); 2) mixed cellular (MC) and predominantly limphocytic (PL). Incidence of recurrence and survival were correlated with various treatment modalities. The tumor occurred in al1 age groups with highest incidence in the fourth decade. Six cases were asymptomatic. Myasthenia gravis was present only in one case. The most important prognostic factor was the stage of the tumor. Five-year survival was 69% for stage 2 and 0% for stage 3. Al1 12 patients who died with evidence of residual disease had PE tumors. Lymphocytic participation might be indicative of a residual functional competence and appears to confer a more favourable prognosis. This is a tumor of uncertain malignant potential which should be excised or debulked. and staged. Post-operative radiotherapy appears to prevent recurrence and improve the prognosis in stage 2. No therapeutic benefits were seen in the stage 3 cases. The value of chemotherapy is uncertain.
Open Access
Immunohistochemical study of a case of malignant Müllerian mixed tumor in comparison with the activity of normal uterine tissue
(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1989) Ohrnori, Takaaki
A case of rnalignant Müllerian rnixed tumor of the uterus, exhibiting a histology of heterologous osteosarcornatous differentiation, is presented. Special ernphasis is placed on the characteristic irnrnunohistochernical reactivity of the tumor tissue in cornparison with that of normal uterine tissue in the proliferative phase. Keratin, cytokeratin, epithelial rnernbrane antigen (EMA), carcinoernbryonic antigen (CEA), and hurnan chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) were found only in the carcinornatous elernent. However, neuron specific enolase (NSE), S-100 protein (S 100) and virnentin were identified in alrnost al1 tumor tissue elernents. Desrnin and actin were not stained in any elernents. Myoglobin was only detected weakly in the squamous carcinornatous elernent. Undifferentiated cell elernent, cornposed of srnall, round, spindle, or polygonal cells showed positive reactions to NSE and S 100, but not to any other antibodies. As cornpared to the reactivities of the normal proliferative endornetriurn, the glandular epithelial cells were positive with NSE, S 100, virnentin and CEA, but the strornal cells were only positive with vimentin. Such a rnultitudinous and concornitant expression of antigenicity to the different tumor elernents indicates a close relationship to its rnesoderrnal Müllerian origin, and NSE, S 100 and virnentin rnight be rnost adequate indicators of these types of turnors.
Open Access
Effect of dicarboxylic (C, and C,) acids on a human squamous carcinoma cell line in culture
(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1989) Pätzold, H. C.; Breathnach, A. S.; Robins, E. J.; Daridan, M. E.; Bhasin, Y. P.; Ethridge, L. B.; Nazzaro-Porro, M.; Passi, S.; Picardo, M.
In tissue culture, azelaic acid (C,) has been shown to have an anti-proliferative and cytotoxic effect on human and murine malignant melanocytes, with inhibition of mitochondrial oxido-reductase enzymes and DNA synthesis, and damage to mitochondria. Recent reports of effects on differentiation of normal keratocytes have led to the present study of its effects on a squamous carcinoma cell line. Cells were exposed to single doses of disodium salts of azelaic (CY2Na) and adipic (C,2Na) acids at concentrations of 10-,M and 5 x 10p2M for 48 hrs. Only C,2Na at 5 x 1OP2M for 4 hrs., and longer, significantly affected proliferation, and the cells exhibited massive swelling 6f mitochondria with loss of cristae. The results further confirm the probable value of azelaic acid as a general anti-tumoral agent rather than a specifically melanocytotoxic one. They could justify clinical studies on the effect of topical azelaic acid therapy on squamous cell carcinoma in vivo.
Open Access
Ultrastructure and light microscopical study of a Leydig cell tumor of the testis associated with bilateral gynaecomastia
(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1989) Muro, M. Moreno; Menchero, S. Coca; Pelegrín, J. A. Martos; Hernández, A. Izquierdo
Light and electronmicroscopic study of a Leydig cell testicular tumor in an 18-year-old male is presented. Bilateral gynaecomastia and normal hormonal blood levels were found. Emphasis on the diagnostic value of electronmicroscopy is remarked upon, based on the following ultrastructural characteristics of the cells; 1) Ovoid shaped nuclei with ondulating contours and dispersed and homogeneous chromatin, 2) Rich agranular endoplasmic reticulum with frequent special modifications, such as membranous whorls with a central cytoplasmic mass or lipid droplets, 3) Numerous mitochondria with occasional tubular cristae, 4) Numerous lipid vacuoles. Other structures also identified in this tumor are Reinke crystalloids, cytoplasmic microbodies, myelin figures, gap-type junctional complexes and paracrystalline inclusions of Payer type E, which are less common.
Open Access
Histopathological study of corpora amylacea pulmonum
(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1989) Dobashi, Michio; Yuda, Fumiaki; Narabayashi, Masaru; Imai, Yutaka; Isoda, Noboru; Obata, Kazuya; Umetsu, Akemi; Ohgushi, Masatoshi
In this paper, we present a rare disorder which is known as corpora amylacea pulmonum. X-ray CT scanning showed an abnormal focus of the lung as a solitary mass with high density and spicular features around the surface. The resected l u n ~ti ssue was - - U characterized by the appearance of round, concentrically laminated acellular bodies about 40-80 microns in diameter. The bodies were usually found lying free in the alveolar space and surrounded by the exudate alveolar macrophages or multinuclear giant cells. Some of these macrophages were in a state of progressive degeneration. The bodies showed an affinity for Congo red and exhibited partial birefringence. Moreover, al1 the bodies had a strong positivity for the PAS reaction and anti lysozyme antibodies. The exudate alveolar macrophages and multinuclear giant cells also displayed reactivity for PAS and lysozyme in a similar manner to that of the bodies. Electron microscopically the bodies were fundamentally composed of fibrillar elements, which bore some resemblance to amyloid fibrils and probably accounted for the partial affinity of the bodies for Congo red. These amyloid-like fibrils were also found in the cytoplasm of the macrophages. This suggested that the concentrically laminated bodies in corpora amylacea pulmonum might be formed by sequential aggregation, fusion, coalescence and compaction of degenerated alveolar macrophages.
Open Access
Nuclear bodies in the normal and hyperfunctional human adrenal cortex
(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1989) Magalhães, M. M.; Carvalho, D.; Oliveira, M. A.; Magalhães, M. C.
Adrenal pieces obtained from six female patients, three without increased adrenocortical function and three with cushing's disease, showed, in all adrenal cortex zones, cells containing simple and complex nuclear bodies. The simple nuclear bodies were spherical or ovoid and had a filamentous structure surrounded by a clear halo. Complex nuclear bodies were more numerous and heterogeneous in patients with adrenal pathology, and they were spherical with a proteinaceous filamentous capsule surrounding a core; the core was granular, filamentous or a mixture of granular and filamentous material, sometimes with a reticular or concentric arrangement. Some bodies showed vacuolar or multilocular aspect, and others had a close relationship with the nucleolus or appeared near the interchromatin granules.
Open Access
Protein S-100 immunostaining as a diagnostic tool for DMBA-induced melanotic lesions
(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1989) Gómez, Salvador; Vicente, Vicente
In the present study we demonstrate immunohistochemically the presence of S-100 protein in numerous melanotic and amelanotic lesions (benign, premalignant and malignant) induced in albino guineapigs on topical application of the carcinogen. Positive staining was also present in al1 their amelanotic metastases. We reiterate the value of this stain in the diagnosis of melanomas, in particular amelanotic melanomas.
Open Access
Down Regulation of hypertrophied follicular cell volume in thyroid hyperplastic gland
(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1989) Rognoni, J. B.; Penel, C.; Bastiani, P.; Roccabianca, M.; Lemarchand-Beraud, Th.
In the present study, changes in thyroid follilucar cell volume and its regulation have been investigated during the early involution of a hyperplastic goitre. Male Wistar rats were aministered an iodine deficient diet for 6 months with propylthiouracil (PTU, 0.15%) during the last two months. At the end of the iodine deficiency (day 0), some rats were killed and the others received a normal iodine diet. These rats were killed after different periods of iodine refeeding. Thyroid follicular cell volume was very high in hyperplastic gland whereas thyroid protein concentration was low. Thyroid follicular cell volume quickly decreased when rats where normally iodine refed, whereas thyroid protein concentration increased. Electron microscopical observations showed that thyroid follicular cells retained their endocrine aspect in hyperplastic state and throughout the iodine refeeding period. Using concomitant stereological and biochemical techniques, it is shown that the amount of cellular iodide and an unknown iodinated compound strongly increased during the early iodine refeeding. Plasma TSH was high on day 0 and remained at this level until day 8 whereas Plasma T3 and T4 were low on day 0 and remained at this low level until day 4. The present data show that the involution of thyroid follicular cell volume is induced by iodide and mediated by an iodinated compound at least in the initial phase, and is independent of plasma TSH, T3, T4, so indicating the involvement of a thyroid autoregulatory mechanism. These changes in cell volume may be of importance in ion transport, i.e. in the metabolism of thyroid follicular cell during the early involution of the hyperplastic goitre.
Open Access
Effects of chronic alcoholism on the amygdaloid complex. A study in human and rats
(Murcia : F. Hernández, 2011-01-24) Alvarez, I.; Gonzalo, L. M.; Llor, J.
The effect of chronic alcoholism on the amygdaloid complex was st~idied in 16 humans and 10 rats. Eighteen patients whose death was due to extraneural causes were selected as controls with 3 rats. Thc alcoholic cases, in addition to the data collected in their clinical history. showed, niicroscopically confirmed. liver cirrhosis or steatosis. The alcoholics and controls were divided into 4 groups: 35-44 years old (4 cases). 45- 54 (5 cases). 55-63 (5 cases) over 65 (2 alcoholics and 4 controls). The alcoholic ingestion in the rats (Wistar, 10 weeks old) was 3 ml at a concentration of 30% in water solution administered by esophagic intubation, for 38 (5 rats) or 58 weeks (5 rats). To judge the state of the amygdaloid nuclei, a neuronal count and caryometry were carried out. The numerical data obtained in this study were analyzed statistically. The results in humans have paralleled those obtained in rats and the behaviour of the different nuclei of the amygdala was uniform and can be summarized as follows: 1) ethanol provoked a prominent and early loss of neurons, and 2) the remainder of non-affected neurons did not react in order to compensate for this neuronal loss.
Open Access
In vitro short-term effects of SMS 201 -995, bromocriptine and TRH on growth hormone cell morphology from human pituitary adenomas
(2011-01-25) García García, J.; Jiménez Reina, L.; Garcia Luna, P. P.; Leal Cerro, A.; Astorga Jiménez, R.; García García-Revillo, J.; Bernal Valls, G.
This study reports, by immunocytochemistry. ultrastructure and morphometry, the in vitro effects of SMS 201-995 (10 nhl), bromocriptine ( 1 pM) and TRH (10 pM) on the morphology of cells from two acromegalic patient atlenomas containing immunoreactive growth hormone (GH). By electron microscopy. one tumor presented numerous large secretory granules (densely granulated growth hormone cell adenoma) while they were scarce and small in the other (sparsely granulated growth hormone cell adenoma); fibrous bodies could be seen in the specimen and in vitro. ln the sparsely granulated growth hormone cell adenoma. TRH produced an increase in endoplasmic reticulum surface density compared to the other cultures. Bromocriptine increased the number and decreased the secretory granule diameters, while SMS 201-995 produced no significant changes in the same time. In the densely granulated growth hormone cell adenoma, the three substances increased the number of granules. TRH increased the mitochondrial volume density and endoplasmic reticulum surface density (with respect to the other cultures). SMS 201-995 decreased the mitochondrial and lysosome volume densities and endoplasmic reticulum surface density. We conclude that 1) TRH produces in cultured cells of both adenoma types an increase in cellular activity. 2) In cultured sparsely granulated growth hormone adenoma cells, bromocriptine has a stronger inhibitory effect than SMS 201-995. In cultured densely granulated growth hormone cells adenoma, bromocriptine has smaller inhibitory effect than SMS 201-99.5

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