Anales de psicología Vol. 32, Nº 2 (2016)

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Open Access
Multicomponent cognitive-behavioral therapy for intermittent explosive disorder by videoconferencing: a case study
(Universidad de Murcia. Servicio de Publicaciones, 2016) Osma, Jorge; Crespo, Elena; Castellano, Cristian
Cognitive-behavioral Therapy (CBT) for the treatment of In-termittent Explosive Disorder (IED) has proved to be effective, with moderate to large effect sizes both in individual and group interventions. Videoconferencing has been used effectively to treat different mental dis-orders but its use for IED patients is as yet unknown. The aim of this study is to provide preliminary evidence of the possibility of treating IED by videoconference. Wepresent a case-study experiment of a Spanish male, aged 33 years, living and working in China. After the intervention, the patient’s aggressive episodes decreased dramatically, as well as his negative affect. In contrast, he showed an important increment in positive emotions and self-esteem. There were also positive changes in some personality dimensions and facets measured by NEO-PI-R, specifically in neuroticism, extraversion, and agreeableness.The benefits were main-tained at 3-, 8-and 18-month follow-ups.These preliminary results reveal that CBT by videoconference oriented to increasing emotion regulation skillswas effective when implemented in a case study of a person suffering from IED.
Open Access
Relación entre conducta prosocial, resolución de problemas y consumo de drogas en adolescentes
(Servicio de Publicaciones. Universidad de Murcia, 2016) Hernández-Serrano, Olga; Espada, José P.; Guillén-Riquelme, Alejandro
Este estudio presenta como objetivos: 1) estudiar el consumo de drogas, la conducta prosocial y la resolución de problemas en función del sexo y la edad, y 2) analizar la asociación de la conducta prosocial y las habilidades de resolución de problemas con el consumo de drogas. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo con un diseño transversal. La muestra se compuso de 567 escolares de Educación Secundaria Obligatoria (48.14% chicos) con edades entre 14 y 17 años (M = 14.92; DT = .90). Se hallaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en el consumo de alcohol y conducta prosocial en función del sexo, así como en el consumo de alcohol y cannabis en función de la edad. Cuando se controló el efecto de la edad y el sexo dentro de los modelos de regresión, la variable que mejor predijo el consumo de alcohol y cannabis fue la conducta prosocial. Los resultados de este estudio resaltan la importancia de promover conductas prosociales como factor de protección del consumo de alcohol y cannabis en la etapa adolescente.
Open Access
Ad hoc procedure for optimising agreement between observational records
(Servicio de Publicaciones. Universidad de Murcia, 2016) Arana, Javier; Lapresa, Daniel; Anguera, M.Teresa; Garzón, Belén
Observational studies in the field of sport are complicated by the added difficulty of having to analyse multiple, complex events or behaviours that may last just a fraction of a second.In this study, we analyse three aspects related to the reliability of data collected in such a study. The first aim was to analyse and compare the reliability of data sets assessed quantitatively (calculation of kappa statistic) and qualitatively (consensus agreement method). The second aim was to describe how, by ensuring the alignment of events, we calculated the kappa statistic for the order parameter using SDIS-GSEQ software (version 5.1) for data sets containing different numbers of sequences. The third objective was to describe a new consultative procedure designed to remove the confusion generated by discordant data sets and improve the reliability of the data. The procedure is called “consultative” because it involves the participation of a new observer who is responsible for consulting the existing observations and deciding on the definitive result.
Open Access
A Multidimensional Approach to Social Support:The Questionnaire on the Frequency of and Satisfaction with Social Support (QFSSS)
(Servicio de Publicaciones. Universidad de Murcia, 2016) García-Martín, Miguel A.; Hombrados-Mendieta, Isabel; Gómez-Jacinto, Luis
The Questionnaire on the Frequency of and Satisfaction with Social Support (QFSSS) was designed to assess the frequency of and the degree of satisfaction with perceived social support received from different sources in relation to three types of support: emotional, informational, and instrumental. This study tested the reliability of the questionnaire scores and its criterion and structural validity. The data were drawn from survey interviews of 2042 Spanish people. The results show high internal consistency (values of Cronbach’s alpha ranged from .763 to .952). The correlational analysis showed significant positive associations between QFSSS scores and measures of subjective well-being and perceived social support, as well as significant negative associations with measures of lone-liness (values of Pearson’s r correlation ranged from .11 to .97). Confirmatory factor analysis using structural equation modelling verified an internal 4-factor structure that corresponds to the sources of support analysed: partner, family, friends, and community (values ranged from .93 to .95 for the Goodness of Fit Index (GFI); from .95 to .98 for the Comparative Fit Index (CFI); and from .10 to .07 for the Root Mean Square Error of Ap-proximation (RMSEA)). These results confirm the validity of the QFSSS as a versatile tool which is suitable for the multidimensional assessment of social support.
Open Access
Relación entre estilos parentales, intensidad psicopatológica y tipo de sintomatología en una muestra clínica adolescente
(Universidad de Murcia. Servicio de Publicaciones, 2016) Antón-San Martín, José M.; Seguí-Durán, David; Antón-Torre, Laura; Barrera-Palacios, Ana
Se realizó una investigación con el objetivo de analizar la relación entre los estilos parentales percibidos, la intensidad de la psicopatología presentada y las dimensiones sintomáticas internalizante-externalizante en una muestra clínica de adolescentes con edades comprendidas entre los 13 y los18 años. Los resultados hallados indican que la intensidad psicopatológica está asociada con la edad, a mayor edad mayor intensidad, y con el género femenino. Solamente dos dimensiones del estilo parental percibido se hallaron relacionadas con la intensidad psicopatológica: el control psico-lógico de forma negativa y el humor, de forma positiva. Al contrario que en otros estudios consultados, la dimensión control psicológico apareció vinculada con sintomatología externalizante y no con la internalizante.
Open Access
Adaptation of an entrepreneurial motivation scale into Spanish
(Servicio de Publicaciones. Universidad de Murcia, 2016) Boada-Grau, Joan; Sánchez-García, José Carlos; Viardot, Eric; Boada-Cuerva, María; Vigil-Colet, Andreu
This study follows the theoretical framework put forward by Robichaudon entrepreneurial motivation. The objective was to adapt the original French scale of 17 items into Spanish and to analyze its psychometric properties. The participants in the present study were 981 Spanishemployees (46.5 % men and 53.5 % women). After carrying out exploratory factor analyses and ESEM (RMSEA = .06; CFI = .95 and TLI = .95), revealed a structure comprised of three factors: Family security (α=.82), Independence and autonomy(α=.83), and Intrinsic motivations(α=.77). These three factors displayed adequate reliability. We also found evidenceof validity with regard to a series of external correlates and various scales that have to do with workaholism, irritation and burnout. The present scale may prove useful for adequately identifying entrepreneurial motivation
Open Access
Action-Emotion Style, Learning Approach and Coping Strategies,in Undergraduate University Students
(Servicio de Publicaciones. Universidad de Murcia, 2016) De la Fuente, Jesús; Martínez-Vicente, José Manuel; Salmerón, José Luis; Vera, Manuel M.; Cardelle-Elawar, María
Action-Emotion Style (AES) is an affective-motivational con-struct that describes the achievement motivation that is characteristic of students in their interaction with stressful situations. Using elements from the Type-A Behavior Pattern (TABP), characteristics of competitiveness and overwork occur in different combinations with emotions of impa-tience and hostility, leading to a classificationcontaining five categories of action-emotion style (Type B, Impatient-hostile type, Medium type, Com-petitive-Overworking type and Type A). The objective of the present re-search is to establish how characteristics of action-emotion style relate to learningapproach (deep and surface approaches) and to coping strategies (emotion-focused and problem-focused). The sample was composed of 225 students from the Psychology degree program. Pearson correlation analyses, ANOVAs and MANOVAs were used. Results showed that competitiveness-overwork characteristics have a significant positive associ-ation with the deep approach and with problem-focused strategies, while impatience-hostility is thus related to surface approach and emotion-focused strategies. The level of action-emotion style had a significant main effect. The results verified our hypotheses with reference to the rela-tionships between action-emotion style, learning approaches and coping strategies
Open Access
Towards a psychosocial and cultural definition of Mexican homeless girls: aqualitative approach
(Servicio de Publicaciones. Universidad de Murcia, 2016) Castaños-Cervantes, Susana; Sánchez-Sosa, Juan J.
Homeless women are one of the most vulnerable groups worldwide since they are victims of labor and sexual exploitation, abuse, discrimination and marginalization at a higher rate than the rest of the population. However, currently, Mexico lacks of an accurate definition of such social group, and their characteristics as well as the magnitude and dimensions of the phenomenon are only partially and superficially known. The purpose of this research was to develop and validate a typology of homeless women living in Mexico City. To fulfill this purpose, 300 in-depth interviews were conducted and examined thoroughly with a system-atic analysis of the content. The main results indicate that homeless wom-en constitute a social group immersed predominantly in circumstances of violence, marginalization, poverty and social exclusion. Also, this collective includes two subgroups: women at risk of homelessness and women emergency shelter
Open Access
Multiple Imputation of missing values in exploratory factor analysis of multidimensional scales: estimating latent trait scores
(Servicio de Publicaciones. Universidad de Murcia, 2016) Lorenzo-Seva, Urbano; Van Ginkel, Joost R.
Researchers frequently have to analyze scales in which some participants have failed to respond to some items. In this paper we focus on the exploratory factor analysis of multidimensional scales (i.e., scales that consist of a number of subscales) where each subscale is made up of a number of Likert-type items, and the aim of the analysis is to estimate par-ticipants’ scores on the corresponding latent traits. We propose a new ap-proach to deal with missing responses in such a situation that is based on (1) multiple imputation of non-responses and (2) simultaneous rotation of the imputed datasets. We applied the approach in a real dataset where missing responses were artificially introduced following a real pattern of non-responses, and a simulation study based on artificial datasets. The re-sults show that our approach (specifically, Hot-Deck multiple imputation followed of Consensus Promin rotation) was able to successfully compute factor score estimates even for participants that have missing data.
Open Access
Salud mental en reclusos. Un análisis pre-post intervención psicosocial con grupo control de comparación
(Universidad de Murcia. Servicio de Publicaciones, 2016) Bascón Díaz, Miguel Jesús; Vargas Girón, Virginia
La literatura científica advierte de la elevada presencia de trastornos mentales en el medio penitenciario. Por ello, en este trabajo nos planteamos evaluar la salud psicosocial y la autorregulación de reclusos en relación a un grupo control de participantes no reclusos; adicionalmente tratamos de conocer la incidencia de la variable tiempo de reclusión y analizar el efecto intragrupo pre-post entrenamiento en habilidades sociales y comunicativas. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 20 varones, 10 reclusos (cinco con más de un año de condena y cinco con menos) y 10 participantes sin antecedentes delictivos, a los que se les administró el cuestionario de salud GHQ-28 y la escala de autorregulación MAPA. Se aplicó la prue-ba no paramétrica Mann-Whitney (U) para el cálculo de probabilidades y el test de Cramer (V) como indicador del tamaño de efecto. Los resultados indicaron que la reclusión no implicó necesariamente peor salud y autorregulación, que el tiempo de condena no ejerció excesiva influencia sobre es-tas dos dimensiones y que el taller de habilidades sociales no pareció, según el análisis pre-pos test, haber producido efectos sobre la salud y la autorregulación de los reclusos. Finalmente, se discuten algunas reflexiones generales así como nuevas propuestas para mejorar actuaciones futuras.
Open Access
La perspectiva de la minoría: estereotipos y emociones entre grupos inmigrantes
(Servicio de Publicaciones. Universidad de Murcia, 2016) Cuadrado, Isabel; López-Rodríguez, Lucía; Navas, Marisol
Este trabajo se centra en la perspectiva de la minoría, y analiza las evaluaciones que los tres grupos inmigrantes más representativos en España mantienen entre sí a partir de las variables contempladas en el modelo del contenido de los estereotipos (MCE). Participaron 409 inmigran-tes, que evaluaron a los otros dos grupos: los inmigrantes marroquíes fue-ron evaluados por ecuatorianos (grupo EM, N= 66) y rumanos (RM, N= 76); los inmigrantes rumanos por ecuatorianos (ER, N= 65) y marroquíes (MR, N= 62); y los inmigrantes ecuatorianos por rumanos (RE, N= 80) y marroquíes (ME, N= 60). Todos ellos indicaron cómo percibían al grupo correspondiente en moralidad, sociabilidad y competencia, en qué grado experimentaban las emociones de admiración, desprecio, envidia y compasión, así como su percepción de estatus y competición exogrupal. Los resultados con grupos minoritarios apoyan, en general, las predicciones del MCE ya confirmadas con miembros de grupos mayoritarios. El
Open Access
A review of the dissociative disorders: from multiple personality disorder to the posttraumatic stress
(Servicio de Publicaciones. Universidad de Murcia, 2016) Romero-López, Modesto J.
In this paper we review the idea of dissociation, dissociative dis-orders and their relationship with the processes of consciousness. We will deal specifically with multiple personality disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder.Both polarize the discussion of diagnostic categories with disso-ciative symptoms. This review comparesthe initial ideas (one century old)with the current scenario and emerging trendsin research, which are relat-ing cognitive processes and dissociative phenomena and disordersfrom a neuroscientific approach. We discuss the ideas on dissociation, hypnosis and suicide associated with these disorders. There seems to be a lack of consensusas to the nature of dissociation with theoretical, empirical and clinical implications.
Open Access
Influence of information about trip time variability, personal benefits, and environmental harm from cars versus public transportation on the choice of transportation mode
(Servicio de Publicaciones. Universidad de Murcia, 2016) López-Sáez, Mercedes; Lois, David; Morales, José Francisco
The influence of information about trip time variability, personal benefits, or environmental harm from cars or public transportation on commuting mode choice (car or subway) is examined in an experimental study. In addition to these experimentallymanipulated variables, the influence of prior attitudes towards the subway was verified. The sample is made up of habitual users of the car to travel to work (N= 220, age M= 37.4, SD = 8.1, 63.2% women). The results show that providing information aboutthe advantages of public transportation, as well as prior attitudes towards the subway, decrease the preference, choice, and perceived control of car use. Of the experimentally manipulated variables, infor-mation about the variability of trip time had the greatest influence. These results highlight the importance of taking into account these variables to implement institutional campaigns to reduce car use as transportation mode.
Open Access
The emergence and evolution of optimistic expectations in schoolchildren
(Servicio de Publicaciones. Universidad de Murcia, 2016) Falcón, Carolina; Orejudo, Santos; Fernández Turrado, Teresa; Javier Zarza, Francisco
When we study optimism in children, we note the temporary emergence of a bias that leads them to make optimistic predictions. In this study we intend to learn more about changes that can be observed in the optimistic bias of 6-to 12-year old schoolchildren when they predict future events, and in the way they justify those predictions. A total of 77 pupils participated in this study; we evaluated each one of them individually with a Piagetian interview, asking them to formulate predictions about a series of hypothetical situations. After analyzing whether a child’s predic-tion implied that the situation would maintain itself or would change for better or for worse, we classified the justifications they provided for their predictions. Results show that these subjects regarded positive change as more likely in the case of psychological or hybrid events than for purely biological ones, and that younger children tended to display a
Open Access
Diferencias entre coeficientes alfa de Cronbach, con muestras y partes pequeñas: Un programa VB
(Servicio de Publicaciones. Universidad de Murcia, 2016) Merino-Soto, César
Se presenta un programa informático escrito en VB 6.0, para calcular la diferencia entre coeficientes de consistencia interna (alfa de Cronbach), obtenidos en muestras pequeñas independientes y/o con instrumentos que poseen un número también pequeño de partes o ítems. La comparación de coeficientes de fiabilidad permite identificar posibles diferencias en el tamaño del error de medición en los instrumentos compara-dos; esta metodología usa el enfoque de prueba de hipótesis, probando la hipótesis nula de igualdad de los coeficientes. Esta condición tiende a ser frecuente en la práctica clínica entre psicólogos y profesiones aliadas, e inclusive en las fases de construcción de instrumentos de medición, por ejemplo en muestras piloto. La técnica aplicada proviene del trabajo de Feldt y Kim (2006),y ofrece una viable e interesante propuesta metodológica que expande el análisis de la fiabilidad de instrumentos de medición psicológicos y educativos. Se presenta las características de su uso, y se discuten las condiciones apropiadas de aplicación.
Open Access
Desarrollo y validación de la Escala de Expectativas de Futuro en la Adolescencia (EEFA)
(Servicio de Publicaciones. Universidad de Murcia, 2016) Sánchez-Sandoval, Yolanda; Verdugo, Laura
El objetivo de este estudio es diseñar y validar el instrumento Escala de Expectativas de Futuro en la Adolescencia (EEFA). Se analizó una muestra compuesta por 1125 participantes de ambos sexos procedentes de la provincia de Cádiz, con edades comprendidas entre los 11 y 15 años. A partir del Análisis Factorial Exploratorio (AFE), realizado con la submuestra 1 (n=551), se identificaron cuatro factores: Expectativas económico/laborales, Expectativas académicas, Expectativas de bienestar personal y Expectativas familiares. Mediante un Análisis Factorial Confirmatorio (AFC), usando la submuestra 2 (n=574), se confirmó la estructura factorial de la escala, cuyo modelo presentaba un buen ajuste. Los análisis delos ítems y de fiabilidad demostraron una aceptable consistencia interna de la escala. Para la obtención de otras evidencias de validez, los datos obtenidos mediante el instrumento EEFA se contrastaron con otros instrumentos que evalúan autoestima y satisfacción vital, esperando obtener relaciones positivas entre los mismos. Se concluye que el instrumento EEFA, compuesto por 14 ítems, posee propiedades psicométricas adecuadas, considerándose un instrumento válido para evaluar las expectativas de futuro que presentan los adolescentes.
Open Access
Individual and group antecedents of job satisfaction: a one-lab multilevel study
(Servicio de Publicaciones. Universidad de Murcia, 2016) Martínez, Isabel M.; Cifre, Eva
This study examines the simultaneous effect of individual (self-efficacy) and group variables (cohesion and gender diversity) on satisfaction. A laboratory study was conducted involving 373 college students randomly distributed across 79 small groups, who performed a laboratory task in about five hours. Two-level Hierarchical Linear Modeling (HLM) method was used. Results show the main effect from individual self-efficacy to satisfaction (both level 1), the cross-level effect from group co-hesion (level 2) to individual satisfaction (level 1), and the interaction effect between self-efficacy and gender diversity to satisfaction. These results suggest that in a work group, satisfaction has a background in individual and group variables. Group cohesion and gender diversity have important effects on satisfaction. The article concludes with practical strategies and with limitations and suggestions for future research.
Open Access
Investigating the Mediator role of Social Safeness on the Relationshipbetween Forgiveness and Life Satisfaction
(Servicio de Publicaciones. Universidad de Murcia, 2016) Akin, Umran; Akin, Ahmet
The aim of the present study is to examine the mediating effect of social safeness on the relationship between forgiveness and life satisfaction. Participants were 311 university students who completed a questionnaire package that included the Trait Forgiveness Scale, the Social Safeness and Pleasure Scale, and the Life Satisfaction Scale. According to the results, social safeness and life satisfaction were predicted positively by forgiveness. On the other hand, life satisfaction was predicted positively by social safeness. In addition, social safeness mediated on the relationship between forgiveness and life satisfaction. The results were discussed in the lightof the related literature and dependent recommendations to the area were given.
Open Access
Aprendizaje de las competencias de investigación en el Grado de Medicina: análisis y eva-luación de las calificaciones de los estudiantes en el Trabajo de Final de Grado
(Servicio de Publicaciones. Universidad de Murcia, 2016) González-de Paz, Luis; Elorduy-Vaquero, Marta; Virumbrales, Montserrat; Real, Jordi; Sureda, Xisca; Borrás-Santos, Alicia; Martínez-Sánchez, José Mª
La adaptación al Plan Bolonia del Grado de Medicina en España ha introducido en los planes de estudio la realización del Trabajo de Final de Grado (TFG). A continuación se presenta un modelo de TFG y se estudia la validez de un sistema de evaluación de las calificaciones para medir los resultados del aprendizaje de las competencias de investigación y pensamiento crítico. Se evaluaron 62 trabajos. Para su realización los estudiantes contaron con un equipo de tutores expertos en investigación clínica y en metodología. El trabajo fue evaluado por tres profesores, cada uno completó una rúbrica de 10 ítems. La validez del sistema de evaluación se analizó mediante el modelo de múltiples facetas de Rasch, que permite estudiar las diferencias en la severidad de los evaluadores, los resultados de los estudiantes y la dificultad de los ítems. Se calificaron los trabajos de 62 estudiantes, totalizando 186 rúbricas. El 58% de los estudiantes mostraron una habilidad superior a la severidad de los evaluadores y a la dificultad de los ítems de la rúbrica. No se observaron diferencias significativas en la severidad de los evaluadores, ni en las calificaciones finales según el tipo de evaluador. El ítem más difícil para los estudiantes fue la selección del diseño epidemiológico del protocolo. El método de análisis propuesto para el TFG es eficaz para evaluar la adquisición de las competencias relacionadas con la investigación y el pensamiento crítico en los estudiantes del último curso del Grado de Medicina.
Open Access
Locus of Control revisited: development of a new bidimensional measure
(Servicio de Publicaciones. Universidad de Murcia, 2016) Suárez-Álvarez, Javier; Pedrosa, Ignacio; García-Cueto, Eduardo; Muñiz, José
Locus of control (LOC) has a long traditionin Psychology, and various instruments have been designed for its measurement. However, the dimensionality of the construct is unclear, and still gives rise to considerable controversy. The aim of the present work is to present new evidence of validity inrelation to the dimensionality of LOC. To this end, we developed a new measurement instrument with 23 items. The sample was made up of 697 Spanish participants, of whom 57.5% were women (M=22.43; SD= 9.19).The results support the bidimensionality of LOC: internal (α=.87) and external (α=.85). Furthermore, both subscales have shown adequate validity evidence in relation to self-efficacy, achievement motivation and optimism (rxy> .21). Statistically significant differences were found by sex (p < .05): men scored higher in external LOC and women in internal LOC. The validity evidence supports a two-dimensional structure for the LOC, and the measurement instrument developed showed adequate psychometric properties.