Histology and histopathology Vol. 7, nº 3 (1992)

Permanent URI for this collection

http://hdl.handle.net/10201/177613

Browse

Now showing 1 - 20 of 25

Open Access
Distribution of neuropeptide Y-like immunoreactivity in the brain of Salmo salar and Gambusia affinis
(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1992) García-Fernández, J.M.; Del Brío, M.A.; Cernuda-Cernuda, R.; Coto, A.; Riera, P.
Through the imrnunohistochernical PAP technique, the distribution of irnrnune positive neurons and fibres for an antibody anti-NPY in the encephalon of salrnon fixed in Bouin have been located and studied. NPY-positive neurons are found forming three important nuclei: in the ventrolateral telencephalon; in the tegmentum mesencephali; and in the locus coemleus. Neurons in the optic tecturn, in the thalarnic region and a few in the preoptic recess have also been located. The fibres were found throughout the brain, with the exception of the cerebellurn, presenting a greater density in three regions: in the dorsal telencephalon; in the mesencephalon; and in the visceral lobes in the rhombencephalon. With the airn of proving if this distribution is found in other groups of teleosts, we processed, with the sarne technique, the advanced teleost Gambusia affinis, in order to compare it with the prirnitive teleost Salmo salar. The results show that in both fish this neuropeptide has the same pattem of distribution. The results also suggest that in fish this neuropeptide can be involved in severa1 functions of the central nervous systern, as has been dernonstrated for rnarnmals. The innervation of the visceral lobes and also the presence of NPY-fibres in the posterior hypothalarnus are anatornical supports of the studies which suggest that NPY is related to the control of the food intake.
Open Access
Morphometric studies on the development of human thyroid gland in early fetal life
(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1992) Bocian-Sobkowska, J.; Malendowicz, L.K.; Woíniak, W.
Histological and morphometric studies were performed on 30 thyroid glands obtained from normal human fetuses. Their crown-rump length (CRL) ranged from 57 to 190 mm, corresponding to the gestational age of 10 - 20 weeks. The weight of the thyroid gland increased proportionally in relation to CRL, foot length and fetus weight. The first follicles containing PAS-positive colloid were observed in the peripheral part of the thyroid gland of 57 mm CRL fetus. The number of follicles per 1 mm2 of thyroid surface section increased up to 85 mm CRL and thereafter gradually declined for the end of studied period of fetal life. The volumes (in mm3) of thyroid epithelium, colloid and stroma, beginning from 85 mm increased proportionally to the CRL while the height of epithelial cells did not change. The epithelium/colloid ratio decreased notably to 165 mm CRL and thereafter remained constant. Results of the present study suggest that the thyroid gland of human fetus approaches structural maturity in 17.5 week of gestation.
Open Access
Scanning electron microscopic and light microscopic observations on morphological changes of freeze-dried bone implantation in rats
(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1992) Matsuda, Mikio; Satoh, Y.; Ono, K.
Bone remodelling after the implantation of freeze-dried autogenous bone in rat parietal bone was compared with fresh autogenous bone transplantation, using a scanning electron and light microscope revealed the time intervals after transplantationfimplantation. The light microscope revealed the time delay of the bone remodelling in the implantation, compared with the transplantations. The scanning electron microscope showed that the differences between the two groups were in the states of bone union and bone resorption. In the fresh bone group, the newly-formed bone filled the spaces between host and the transplanted bones at 2 to 3 weeks after the transplantation: the newly-formed bone fused and melted into the transplanted bone. New bone formation was more dominant on the bone surface in the dura mater side than in the skin side. The union was almost completed at 5 weeks. In freeze-dried bone implantation, the bone union in the contact space was very poor and the implanted bone was mainly covered by the new bone, which developed from the host bone surface in the dura mater side at 2 to 3 weeks after the implantation. What is noteworthy is that bone resorbed areas showing numerous Howship's lacunae were mainly observed on the host bone surface in the vicinity of newly-formed bone. However in freeze-dried bone implantation, the bone resorption was greater on the host and implanted bone surface than that of fresh bone transplantation: the resorption of host bone was considerably larger at certain periods after freeze-dried bone implantation. The present results show that the healing process of freeze-dried bone implantation, even though autogenous bone was used, differed from that of fresh autogenous bone transplantation, and the differences are concerned not only with time sequences but also with qualitative changes. This suggests that the host would have some different responses to the freeze-dried autogenous bone from fresh materials.
Open Access
The toxic effects of bis (tributyltin) oxide on the rat thoracic aorta
(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1992) Yoshizuka, M.; Hara, K.; Doi, K.; Mori, Naoki; Yokoyama, M.; Ono, Eizo; Fujimoto, Sunao
The toxic effects of bis (tributyltin) oxide (TBTO) on the ultrastructure and permeability of rat thoracic aorta were studied electron microscopically and the accumulation sites of tin were determined with an X-ray microanalyzer. Male Wistar rats received O.O5ml/kg of TBTO as an emulsion in 1 m1 of distilled water througb a stomach tube. After time intervals of 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 h after intubation, thoracic aortae were isolated and prepared for electron microscopy. Marked swelling of mitochondria in the aortic endothelial cells appeared at 4 h after TBTO treatment. By x-ray microanalysis, tin L-a peaks (3.44 keV) were obtained from these swollen mitochondria. Subendothelial edema progressed between 6 and 8 h after TBTO treatment. By tracer experiment, it was seen that large amounts of peroxidase reaction products filled the expanded subendothelial space. At 12 h after TBTO treatment, degenerative changes of the endothelial cells were prominent. These results indicated that orally administered TBTO accumulated in the mitochondria of the endothelial cells of thoracic aorta. The direct toxic effects of TBTO on mitochondria might induce severe damage to the endothelial cells and cause disturbance of the permeability barrier function of the endothelial layer and subendothelial edema.
Open Access
Retinal photoreceptor fine structure in the red-backed salamander (Plethodon cinereus)
(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1992) Braekevelt, Charlie R.
The retinal photoreceptors of the red-backed salamander (Plethodon cinerus) have been studied by light and electron microscopy. Rods and single cones are present in this duplex retina in a ratio of about 25: 1. The photoreceptors in this amphibian species are much larger than is reported for most vertebrates. In the light-adapted state, rods reach deep into the retinal epithelial (RPE) layer. The rod outer segment is composed of discs of uniform diameter displaying severa1 very deep incisors. The rod inner segment displays a dista1 elliposid of mitochondria and a short stout myoid region. Rod nuclei are electron dense and often protrude through the extemal limiting membrane. Rod synaptic spherules are large and display severa1 invaginated synaptic sites as well as superficial synapses. It is felt that the rods do not undergo retinomotor movements. The cone photoreceptors are much smaller than the rods and display a tapering outer segment, an unusual modified ellipsoid and a large parabolid of glycogen in the inner segment. Cone nuclei are less electron dense than rods and are located at al1 levels within the outer nuclear layer. The synaptic pedicle of the cones is larger, more electron lucent and display more synaptic sites (both invaginated and superficial) than that of rods. It is felt that cone photomechanical responses are minimal.
Open Access
Age-related morphometric changes occurring in the somata of astrocytes of the granular layer of rat neocerebellar cortex (Crus I and Crus II)
(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1992) Monteiro, R.A.F.; Rocha, E.; Marini-Abreu, M.M.
A quantitative study conceming the agerelated changes occurring in the cell body and somatic organelles of neocerebellar astrocytes is carried out, using rats aged 2 to 24 months. Manual stereological techniques are used to determine the following parameters on electron micrographs: the somatic volume, the volume density and the absolute volume of the protoplasmic structures as well as the mean surface of the rough endoplasmic reticulum cisternae per cell.None of the pararneters reveals any clear-cut general temporal pattern. The soma and the cell components show statistically significant differences in the parameters with ageing, excepting the dense bodies (relative and absolute volumes) and the Golgi apparatus (relative volume). There are significant positive linear trends between, on the one hand, the somatic volume and, on the other hand, the absolute volume of either of the following structures: nucleus, glial filaments, ground substance and dense bodies. Some linear correlations between the absolute volumes of organelles are also found. Despite the ability for karyokinesis, it is concluded that astrocytes do undergo changes with ageing.
Open Access
Retinal pigment epithelial fine structure in the red-backed salamander (Plethodon cinereus)
(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1992) Braekevelt, Charlie R.
The retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) of the red-backed salamander (Plethodon cinerus) consists of a single layer of large squamous shaped cells. The RPE cells are but minimally infolded basally (sclerally) but show many large apical (vitreal) processes interdigitating with the rod outer segments. These epithelial cells are joined laterally by prominent tight junctions located in the mid region of the cells. Internally smooth endoplasmic reticulum is very plentiful while rough endoplasmic reticulum is not. Polysomes, small dense mitochondria and small round to oval melanosomes are plentiful. Golgi zones and lysosome-like bodies are also present as are phagosomes of outer segment material and myeloid bodies. The RPE cell nucleus is large and vesicular. It is felt that the melanosomes undergo retinomotor movements but as only light-adapted specimens were examined it is not known how extensive are these movements. Bruch's membrane or complexus basalis shows the typical pentalaminate structure noted for most vertebrates. The choriocapillaris is a single layer of large anastomosing capillaries which are minimally fenestrated facing Bruch's membrane.
Open Access
Morphometric study on the interhemispheric asymmetries in the wistar rat and the effects of experience
(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1992) Isasa Chueca, J.A.; Lahoz Gimeno, M.; Redondo Marco, J.A.
Sixty male Wistar rats were used'for this experiment and assigned at random to the control group or to the stimulation method. Control rats show cerebral asymmetry with right bias at the frontal and occipital lobes. In the case of stimulated rats the differences from the occipital zone increase while those from the frontal lobe disappear.
Open Access
Expression of HBsAg and HBsAg in liver tissue, correlation with disease activity
(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1992) Nakopoulou, Lydia; Adraskelas, N.; Stefanak, K.; Zacharoulis, D.; Hadziyanni, St.
The pattems of Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and Hepatitis B core antigen (HBcAg) expression were studied in liver biopsies taken from 41 patients with chronic HBV disease. Immunohistochemical methods were used on deparaffinized sections for the identification of HBsAg and HBcAg in liver tissue. lkenty-one of the 41 cases (5 1.2%) were classified as inactive liver disease and 20 (48.8%) as active liver disease. In liver biopsies with inactive disease, HBsAg demonstrated varying types of cytoplasmic expression in a rather high number of hepatocytes distributed mainly in clusters, while HBcAg was rarely expressed in liver nuclei. On the other hand, in liver biopsies with active disease HBsAg was characterized by a diffuse cytoplasmic expression in a few discrete hepatocytes, while HBcAg was expressed in the nuclei of the hepatocytes in 70% of the cases and in half of the positive cases it was also detected in the cytoplasm. In conclusion, HBsAg expression in a few scattered hepatocytes correlates with active liver disease and positive HBcAg, while varying HBsAg cytoplasmic expression in a rather high number of clustered hepatocytes is related to chronic inactive liver disease and negative expression of HBcAg.
Open Access
Presence of melanin in normal human Schwann cells
(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1992) Carbonell, A.L.; Boya, J.; García-Mauriño, J.E.
The presence of melanin granules in Schwann cells of unmyelinated neme fibres in the normal skin of a black woman is demonstrated by electron microscopy. Pathological conditions associated with the differentiation ability of Schwann cells for melanogenic are reviewed. This capacity may be due to the common origin of Schwann cells and melanocytes in the neural crest.
Open Access
Monoclonal antibody against histiocytosis X cells
(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1992) Ishikawa, Makoto; Matsuda, Mikio; lmai, Yutaka
Monoclonal antibody against histiocytosis X cells (HXCs) was established. The antigen was the cell membrane of HXCs from the submandibular lesion of a 63-year-old man who had been dignosed as an adult type of histiocytosis X (HX) and whose HXCs had numerous Birbeck granules (BGs). The obtained monoclonal antibody, named MI1, reacted with the antigenic cell membrane of HXC. Immunoblotting showed that MI1 bound to the cell membrane of 28500 mw. MI1 also reacted with interdigitating reticulum cells (IDCs) in the tonsil and Langerhans cells (LCs) in the epidermis. MI1 reacted with the BGs which connected to the cell membrane, but not with those located near the nucleus.
Open Access
Ultrastructure of murine cardiac ganglia in experimental Chagas's disease
(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1992) Wong, W. C.; Tan, C.K.; Singh, M.; Yick, T. Y.
Albino mice, infected with Trypanosoma cruzi (Tulahuen strain) were sacrificed on days 7, 9, 12, 14, 16, 18, 21, 32 and 39 following infection. Transmission electron microscopic examination of the cardiac ganglia revealed no ultrastructural change at day 7. At day 9 there was peri- and intraganglionic monocytic infiltration but parasites were absent. Between days 12 and 16 there was intense monocytic infiltration, with intra-ganglionic presence of parasites within fibroblasts, monocytes and macrophages. None were seen within capsular cells, endothelial cells, Schwann cells, statellite cells and ganglion cells. The Schwann cells and satellite cells, however, showed phagocytic activity. Satellite cells were also reactive with proliferative pseudopodia which encircled neuronal processes. By day 18, parasites were absent in the ganglia. But monocytes were still present up to day 39, some of them still engulfing satellite cell and neuronal processes. Satellite cells continued to be reactive and Schwann cells phagocytic. Ganglion cells remained normal throughout the experiment.The results suggest that infection of Schwann cells, satellite cells and ganglion cells may depend upon the tissue tropism of the strain of the parasite used and its concentration in the inoculum. The results are consistent with the view that any parasympathetic dysfunction in experimental Chaga's disease in the mouse may be of a transient nature.
Open Access
Rapid induction of atherosclerosis in rabbits
(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1992) Saso, Y.; Kitamura, K.; Yasoshima, A.; Iwasaki, H. .; Takashima, K.; Doi, K.; Morita, T.
Japanese white rabbits fed a restricted amount (100 glheadlday) of an atherogenic diet (AD) containing 0.2% cholesterol and 6% peanut oil showed mild and persistent hypercholesterolemia (338 I79 mgtdl). They developed atherosclerotic lesions 4 weeks after deendothelialization of aorta carried out at the 4th week of AD-feeding. This rabbit model of atherosclerosis has such advantages as being able to be produced in a short period and having similar biochemical and pathological characteristics with those in human atherosclerosis.
Open Access
Bronchial-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT) response to airway challenge with cigarette smoke,bovine antigen and anti-pulmonary serum
(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1992) Escolar Castellón, J.de D.; Escolar castellón, A.; Roche Roche, P.A.; Miñana Amada, C.
The bronchial-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT) is a lymphoepithelial organ, related to the immune defence of the lung and to alveolar clearance, which changes size in certain states of disease. Changes in the size of BALT were quantified and compared, and Spearman's test was used to test the relation with the bronchial epithelium. A total of 180 rats were used, divided into 6 groups of 30 as follows: 1) untreated controls; 2) exposed to cigarette smoke for two months; 3) treated with antipulmonary serum three doses daily over five days; 4) exposed to cigarette smoke and treated with antipulmonary serum; 5) sensitized with bovine albumin and exposed to an environment containing this antigen for two months; 6) exposed to cigarette smoke and bovine albumin. The lungs were processed for histological study, and were stained with the PAS-Alcian blue method. The main left bronchi BALT was studied, and the following were quantified: Lymphatic area (LA), as a percentage of the lung surface occupied by BALT; the flat epithelium (FEp), as the length of bronchial epithelium anatomically related to LA, whose cells tend to adopt a flat shape; the Contact epithelium (Cep), as the length of bronchial epithelium which is in direct contact with the LA. A percentage count of bronchial cells was made in the following classifications: globet cells; globet cells stained with the PAS-Alcian blue method; flat cells; lymphoepithelium cells; columnar cells; and bronchial epithelium cells excluding the above two cell types. The most outstanding findings were that, in comparison with the controls, the FEp and CEp had increased in al1 the treated animals, and the CEp of the group treated with bovine albumin + cigarette smoke was the only one in which the difference was Offprint requests to: Dr. D. Juan de Dios Escolar Castellón, Facultad de Medicina, C./ Domingo Miral s/n, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain not significant (p > 0.05). The lymphatic area increased significantly (p < 0.001) in the groups treated with cigarette smoke, anti-pulmonary serum and cigarette smoke + anti-pulmonary serum, and decreased (p > 0.05) in the one treated with bovine albumin. Regression analysis gave good indices in general (Rho > 0.06), the exception being the group treated with cigarette smoke + ALS, in the relations CEpJFEp and CEpILA (Rho < 0.06). The globet ceiis decreased significantly in al1 the treated animals; however, the correlation between globet cells and the other variables did not give good indices (Rho > 0.06). Therefore, it is deduced that BALT can change shape in different conditions, FEp being the variable which increases most. The fa11 in globet ceiis is associated exclusively with the substances which were administered, since no relation was found between these cells and the morphological changes in the BALT.
Open Access
A scanning and transmission electron microscopic study of the membranes of chicken egg
(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1992) Tan, C.K.; Chen, T. W.; Chan, H.L.; Ng, L.S.
Questions regarding the structure of the inner and outer shell membranes of the chicken egg were addressed in this study by correlating observations from light microscopy and scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The egg membrane had a limiting membrane, which measured .9 to .15 pn in thickness and appeared to be a continuous and an impervious layer, but the shell membrane did not. Under the SEM, each membrane was seen to be made up of severa1 fibre layers. In the tear preparations viewed under the SEM two layers were observed in the egg membranes and three to five layers in the shell membrane, with an apparent plane of cleavage between each layer. Each fibre was made up of a central core and an outer mantle layers. The central core was perforated by channels which measured .O8 to 1.1 1 pn in diameter and ran longitudinally along the length of the fibre. Between the mantle layer and the fibre core was a gap or cleft measuring between .O3 to .07pn. The diameter of the fibres of the inner layer of the egg membrane ranged between .O8 to .64pn, whereas those of the outer layer of the same membrane ranged from .O5 to 1.11 p.m. Fibres in the shell membrane ranged from . l l to 4.14 pm diameter.
Open Access
Studies on the interaction between titin and myosin
(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1992) Wang, Seu-Mei; Chung-Jiuan Jeng; Mu-Chien Sun
This study examines the interaction of titin and mysoin. In order to analyze the domains of myosin contributing to the binding for titin, we conducted a solid phase binding assay. Different portions of mysoin (heavy chains, light chains and myosin fragments ) were coated on the microtiter wells and reacted with biotinylated titin. Then the binding of biotinylated titin to these polypeptides was detected by using the avidinbiotin- peroxidase method. The results demonstrated that light meromyosin and subfragment 1 were the major domains of myosin interacting with titin. Titin fragments obtained by trypsin digestion were allowed to react with myosin in an affinity column, and the bound fragments were isolated by an acidic elution. Immunoblot analysis of mysoin-bound titin fragments revealed that an A-band domain of titin was responsible for the binding of myosin. In addition, biotinylated titin labelled the outer A-bands and Z-bands in intact myofibrils, thus confirming the in situ binding of titin to myosin.
Open Access
Kupffer cells and PlMs in acute experimental African Swine Fever
(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1992) Carrasco, L.; Fernández, A.; Gómez-Villamandos, J. C.; Mozos, E.; Méndez, A.; Jover, A.
An ultrastructural study of Kupffer cells and pulmonary intravascular macrophages (PIMs) of healthy and African Swine Fever (ASF)-infected pigs was carried out. A vascular perfusion method was performed in order to obtain an optimal intravascular morphology and tissue fixation. The infection developed acute ASF lesions in both organs. Both Kupffer cells and PIMs were studied at different stages of infection. The differences observed in both macrophagic cells from uninfected and infected tissues are shown and discussed.
Open Access
In vitro analysis of the cellular resistance to chemotherapeutic BCNU
(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1992) Caballero Navarro, A.; Conde Guerri, B.; Sinués Porta, E.; Boada Apilluelo, E.; Alcalá Arellano, A.
Our asays in vitro show that BCNU inhibits cell proliferation in the Ca cell line experimental glioma and is dose-dependent, starting from 0.5 pg/ml of the drug with just an hour of exposure. For every tested concentration of BCNU it is shown that, from the fifth day after exposure, cellular resistance appeared. This resistance is justified by the capacity of cell DNA reparation. A study of the clonogenic capacity of the Ca cells exposed to BCNU also shows the appearance of cellular resistance for doses of 0.5 pglml and 1 pglml. Furthermore, the exposure of Ca cell cultures to BCNU at these levels produces a cellular evolution towards more differentiated morphological patterns.
Open Access
Transforming growth factor -a expression in rat experimental hepatocarcinogenesis
(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1992) Pérez-Tomás, R.; Mayol, X.; Culleré, X.; Díaz Ruiz, C.; Domingo, J.
Growth factors in general and transforming growth factor-a in particular have been related to cell proliferation and cell differentiation. This study was designed to clarify the distribution pattem of TGF-a in chemically-induced hepatocarcinogenesis. Sprague- Dawley rats were subjected to different non-intensive or intensive carcinogenic treatments using diethylnitrosamine (DEN) as carcinogen and ethinyl estradiol (EE) as promoter. The livers were fixed in 2% paraformaldehyde, dehydrated in a series of ethanol solutions, embedded in paraffin and sectioned. In the preneoplastic lesions no TGF-a immunoreactive cells were identified, but in some hepatic tumours cell immunostained with TGF-a antibody were observed. These results suggest that the cells capable of expressing TGF-a constitutively may be involved in neoplastic development in vivo.
Open Access
The phylogenetic odyssey of the erythrocyte. III. Fish, the lower vertebrate experience
(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1992) Glomski, Chester A.; Tamburlin, Judith; Chainani, Meena
The piscine erythrocyte can be considered the prototype of the red cells that are distributed among inframmalian vertebrates. It is a permanently nucleated, hemoglobin-ladened, oval, flattened, biconvex disc. Ultrastructurally it demonstrates a cytoskeleton comprised of a marginal band and a membrane skeleton which are responsible for the erythrocyte's conversion to an ellipsoid during morphogenesis and endow it with resilience to physical trauma. Erythropoiesis initiates in the yolk sac, followed in many fishes, by the intermediate cell mass. These sites are the sources of the transitory, primitive generation red cells which apparently make their first phylogenetic appearance in fishes and which are subsequently represented in al1 classes of vertebrates including mammals. Production of definitive generation erythrocytes is centered in evolutionary «pre-splenic» tissue of the gastrointestinal tract or in the spleen in cyclostomes, dipnoi, and chondrichthyes while in teleosts it is typically located in the kidneys with or without splenic participation. The blood is a major site of erythrocyte maturation in the lower fishes and exhibits significant numbers of immature erythroid cells plus occasional mitotic figures. Some teleosts also circulate developing erythroid cells. Certain fishes have occasional circulating erythroplastids, conceptually a portent of phylogenetic changes in higher vertebrates. Remarkably, some bristlemouths have denucleated erythrocytes exclusively in the circulation. The largest piscine erythrocytes are found in the dipnoi, myxines, and chondrichthyes. Primitive fish with the exception of the endothermic sharks tend to have lower hemoglobin concentrations than the modern teleosteans. The very highest hemoglobin concentrations are attained by the endothermic scombrids. Erythrocyte-based data have a broad extent and are variably affected by age, sex, Offprint requests to: Chester A. Glomski, M.D., Ph. D., Department of Anatomical Sciences, Schwl of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Bufíalo, New Yo&, 14214 USA season and environment. This report includes a substantial selection of illustrations (fish species and rbc micrographs).