DigitalUM :: Browsing by browse.metadata.contributordepartment "Producción Animal"

Browsing by browse.metadata.contributordepartment "Producción Animal"

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Open Access
Biomarkers of oxidative stress in saliva in pigs: analytical validation and changes in lactation
(BMC, 2019-05-14) Peres Rubio, Camila; Mainau, Eva; Cerón Madrigal, José Joaquín; Contreras Aguilar, María Dolores; Martínez Subiela, Silvia; Navarro, Elena; Tecles Vicente, Fernando; Cerón Madrigal, José Joaquín; Escribano Tortosa, Damián; Producción Animal
Background: Biomarkers of oxidative stress in pigs have been measured in serum/plasma samples. However, blood collection in pigs can be highly stressful to the animals. Saliva is a biological fluid with several advantages in pigs over blood, since it can be easily collected without stress to the animals, being therefore an ideal sample in this species. The objective of this study was the validation of assays for the evaluation of oxidative stress status in saliva of pigs. For this purpose, three assays commonly used to evaluate the total antioxidant capacity (TAC): trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC), cupric reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC), and ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP)), one individual antioxidant (uric acid) and two assays to evaluate oxidant concentrations (advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)) were measured and validated in porcine saliva. In addition, the possible changes of these assays in sows’ saliva during lactation were be studied. Results: The methods had intra- and inter-assays coefficient of variation lower than 15%. They also showed an adequate linearity and recovery, and their detection limits were low enough to detect the analytes in saliva of pigs. Overall the analytical validation tests showed that the assays used in our study are valid and reliable for the evaluation of oxidative stress in porcine saliva. In addition, it was observed that these salivary biomarkers can change in a situation of oxidative stress such as lactation in sows. Conclusions: All assays for salivary biomarkers of oxidative stress evaluated in this study have demonstrated a high analytical accuracy and low imprecision. In addition, it has been observed that these biomarkers showed significant changes in a situation of oxidative stress such as lactation in sows. Therefore, this study opens a new possibility of using saliva as a non-invasive sample to evaluate oxidative stress in pigs.
Embargo
Changes in saliva biomarkers of stress and immunity in domestic pigs exposed to a psychosocial stressor
(Elsevier, 2015-07-22) Escribano Tortosa, Damián; Gutiérrez Montes, Ana María; Tecles Vicente, Fernando; Cerón Madrigal, José Joaquín; Producción Animal
A combination of salivary biomarkers measured at the same time, reflecting the different systems that are involved in the stress mechanism, could be the best tool for its evaluation. In this study, changes in a panel of salivary biomarkers of stress and immunity including chromogranin A (CgA), IgA, cortisol, testosterone, haptoglobin (Hp) and C-reactive protein (CRP), were evaluated. A total of 14 (7 control and 7 test) crossbred Duroc × (Landrace × Large White) males of 190 days of age were used for this experiment. The stress mechanism was evaluated after applying a psychosocial stressor model in 7 pigs, based on isolation and regrouping. Our results show that after of isolation, there was a significant (P b 0.05) increase in salivary CgA and IgA. However, after regrouping, there was a significant increase (P b 0.05) in salivary cortisol, testosterone and CgA. Salivary Hp and CRP concentrations did not significantly change after applying this stress model. This panel of salivary bio- markers could be used as a practical and non-invasive tool for reflecting the activity of different physiology systems involved in the stress response.
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Changes in saliva proteins in two conditions of compromised welfare in pigs: T an experimental induced stress by nose snaring and lameness
(Elsevier, 2019-06-19) Escribano Tortosa, Damián; Horvatić, Anita,; Contreras Aguilar, María Dolores; Guillemin, Nicolas,; Cerón Madrigal, José Joaquín; Tecles Vicente, Fernando; Martínez Miró, Silvia; Eckersall, Peter David; Manteca, Xavier; Mrljak, Vladimir; Producción Animal
The aim of this study was to identify biological pathways and proteins differentially expressed in saliva of pigs in two conditions of compromised welfare: an acute stress consisting of restraint with a nose snare and in pigs with lameness which is a highly frequent problem in the swine industry. For this purpose, high-resolution quantitative proteomics based on Tandem Mass Tags labelling was used. Four proteins showed significant differences in the conditions of compromised welfare, namely cornulin, the heat shock protein 27 and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), that showed significant increases, whereas immunoglobulin J chain showed a significant decrease. LDH, which was the protein that showed the highest differences, was selected for validation and clinical evaluation as a diagnostic biomarker. Significant changes in this protein were observed between pigs restrained with a nose snare and pigs with lameness compared with healthy pigs when measured with available commercial assays in a larger population of pigs. In conclusion, this study reports that in situations of compromised welfare on farm, such as acute stress and lameness in pigs, there are changes in proteins and metabolic pathways in saliva, and describes a series of proteins that could potentially be used as biomarkers for both short term acute stress and longer term chronic stress of lameness. These biomarkers would have the advantage of being measured in saliva by a noninvasive and not stressful collection sampling procedure.
Open Access
Characterization of total adenosine deaminase activity (ADA) and its isoenzymes in saliva and serum in health and inflammatory conditions in four different species: an analytical and clinical validation pilot study
(BMC, 2020-10-12) Contreras Aguilar, María Dolores; Tvarijonaviciute, Asta; Monkeviciene, Ingrida; Martín Cuervo, María; González-Arostegui, Luis Guillermo; Franco Martínez, Lorena; Cerón Madrigal, José Joaquín; Tecles Vicente, Fernando; Escribano Tortosa, Damián; Producción Animal
Background: Measurement of adenosine deaminase (ADA) can provide information about cell-mediated immunity. This report’s objective was to study the enzymatic activity of total ADA (tADA) and its isoenzymes ADA1 and ADA2 in canine, equine, porcine, and bovine serum and saliva and their changes in different inflammatory situations in each species. Besides, an automated method for ADA2 measurement was developed and validated. Results: tADA was present in serum and saliva of healthy animals of the four species. Erythro-9-(2-hydroxy-3-nonyl) adenine (EHNA) concentration of 0.47 mM was needed for ADA1 inhibition in canine and porcine samples (serum and saliva) and bovine saliva, whereas for equine saliva 0.94 mM was needed. ADA2 activity was not detected in bovine serum and was very low or absent in equine serum and bovine saliva. An automated procedure to measure ADA2 consisting of adding EHNA to a commercial reagent for tADA measurement provided repetitive (coefficients of variation < 8.8% in serum and < 10% in saliva) and accurate (linearity of serial sample dilutions with R2 > 0.90) results, being equivalent to a manual incubation of the sample with EHNA at a similar concentration. Salivary tADA, as well as ADA1 and ADA2, were higher in dogs with leishmaniosis, horses with acute abdominal disease and pigs with lameness than in healthy animals. tADA and isoenzymes in saliva showed a positive significant correlation with serum ferritin in dogs (r = 0.602, P < 0.01; r = 0.555, P < 0.05; and r = 0.632, P < 0.01; respectively for tADA, ADA1 and ADA2) and serum C-reactive protein in pigs (r = 0.700, P < 0.01, for both tADA and ADA1; r = 0.770, P < 0.001, for ADA2), whereas salivary ADA2 significantly correlated with serum amyloid A in horses (r = 0.649, P < 0.01). In cows, salivary tADA and ADA1 significantly increased after calving, correlating with total white blood cell count (r = 0.487, P < 0.05, for both tADA and ADA1). Conclusions: The activity of total ADA and its different isoenzymes, can be measured in serum and saliva of dogs, horses, pigs and cows by a simple and fast procedure described in this report. When measured in saliva, these analytes correlated with other biomarkers of inflammation and it could potentially be used as a biomarkers of inflammation and immune activation in the species of this study.
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Circadian pattern of acute phase proteins in the saliva of growing pigs
(Elsevier, 2013-05) Gutiérrez Montes, Ana María; Escribano Tortosa, Damián; Fuentes Rubio, María; Cerón Madrigal, José Joaquín; Producción Animal
The circadian rhythm of the acute phase proteins (APPs) haptoglobin (Hp) and C-reactive protein (CRP) was assessed in saliva samples from 18- and 21-week old pigs. Saliva was collected at 07.00, 11.00, 15.00 and 19.00 h on two consecutive days and the Hp and CRP concentrations were quantified using two species-specific, time-resolved immunofluorometric assays. Salivary Hp levels were significantly higher (P < 0.001) in the morning compared to late afternoon (0.68 and 0.37 lg/mL, respectively) although the magnitude of the difference was much lower than is produced by inflammatory conditions. No significant differences were observed in CRP concentrations. Although the concentration of both APPs was higher in the 21- compared to the 18-week old pigs (P < 0.0001), no differences were observed in the circadian rhythm of these APPs when the two age groups were com- pared. Animal gender did not influence the circadian pattern of either APP, although the mean salivary CRP levels were higher in females (P < 0.05).
Open Access
Effect of Alliaceae Extract Supplementation on Performance and Intestinal Microbiota of Growing-Finishing Pig
(MDPI, 2020-09-02) Sánchez, Cristian J.; Martínez-Miró, Silvia; Ariza, Juan J.; Madrid, Josefa; Orengo, Juan; Aguinaga, Maria Aranatzazu; Baños, Alberto; Hernández, Fuensanta; Producción Animal
The aim of the present study was to ascertain whether an Allium spp. extract rich in organosulfur compounds, such as propyl thiosulfonate (PTSO), added to the feed of growing-finishing pigs at 5 g/kg enhances growth performance or a ects the fecal microbiome, the levels of short-chain fatty acids, or the antioxidant capacity of the animals. Fifty male growing pigs (large white) of 23.07 2.87 kg average body weight were randomly allotted to two treatments in a 103-day trial. The trial was divided into two periods, an initial growing phase (56-days) and a finishing phase (47-days). Two dietary treatments for each phase (growing and finishing) were used: a control diet (CON) and an experimental diet consisting of the control diet to which 5 g/kg of Allium spp. extract was added to substitute sepiolite (GAR). Throughout the study, body weight, average daily gain (kg/day, ADG), feed intake (kg/day), and feed conversion ratio (kg/kg) were measured, while the backfat thickness and muscle depth were determined at the end of the study. Besides, feces samples were taken for bacterial counts by means of real-time PCR and short- chain fatty acid (SCFA) profile determination, and the antioxidant capacity was assessed in serum and saliva. In the animals receiving Allium spp. extract (5 g/kg) in the feed, ADG increased (p < 0.05) throughout the trial, Salmonella spp. and Clostridium spp. counts in feces had decreased (p < 0.05) when measured on day 56, and, by day 103, Salmonella spp., Clostridium spp., and Enterobacteriaceae counts had decreased (p < 0.05) and Lactobacillus spp. counts had increased (p < 0.01) in feces. Regarding the SCFA profile in feces and antioxidant capacity measured in serum and saliva, supplementation with Allium spp. extract significantly increased the levels of propionic, isobutyric, and isovaleric acids and the percentage of total branched fatty acids, while the c2/c3 and (c2 + c4)/c3 ratios were lower (p < 0.05) in feces; the Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity and the cupric reducing antioxidant capacity levels in serum were significantly higher in the same pigs on day 103 than on day 0. Consequently, based on the current results, Allium spp. extract rich in organosulfur compounds, added to the diet at 5 g/kg,had a beneficial e ect on the microbiota and would seem to be a possible alternative for increasing the growth performance of growing-finishing pigs. However, further studies on the e ects of Allium spp. supplementation on carcass quality are necessary.
Open Access
Effect of Parity on Reproductive Performance and Composition of Sow Colostrum during First 24 h Postpartum
(MDPI, 2020-10-12) Segura, Mónica M.; Martínez-Miró, Silvia; López, Miguel J.; Madrid, Josefa; Hernández, Fuensanta; Producción Animal
The aim of this study is to assess the e ects of parity number on sow reproductive performance and the chemical and immunological composition of colostrum and immunoglobin concentrations in the sera of the sows. Colostrum samples were collected at 0, 6 and 24 h after the births of the first piglets from 56 sows with di erent numbers of parturitions (ranging 1–6). The piglets born alive to primiparous sows had lower birth weights (p < 0.05) than piglets from second and fourth parturition sows. The colostrum composition was influenced (p < 0.05) by parity number: primiparous sows had higher concentrations of dry matter, fat, lactose and non-fat-solids. No parity-dependent di erences were found concerning total protein amount. Colostrumcomposition was drastically a ected (p < 0.001) by sampling time—the highest concentrations of dry matter and protein and lowest concentrations of fat and lactose were found immediately after parturition (0 h). The study revealed no e ect of parity (p 0.05) on the concentrations of immunoglobulins in colostrum. The immunoglobulin with the highest level in sow serum at day 110 of gestation was IgG, while IgA showed the lowest values and greater variability with respect to parity from an immunological point of view. Regarding the relationship between serum Ig levels at the end of gestation and colostrum Ig, serum IgG showed a strong correlation with colostrum IgG and IgM, while colostrum IgG was strongly related with colostrum IgM, but not with IgA. IgA did not correlate with any other immunoglobulin. The di erent behaviors of the immunoglobins in colostrum were probably due to IgG coming almost exclusively from the sows’ sera, whereas IgA is mainly synthetized by the mammary gland
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Effect of repeated administration of lipopolysaccharide on inflammatory and stress markers in saliva of growing pigs
(Elsevier, 2014-04-16) Campos, Paulo H.R.F.; Gutiérrez Montes, Ana María; Le Floc’h, Nathalie; Cerón Madrigal, José Joaquín; Merlot, Elodie; Escribano Tortosa, Damián; Producción Animal
Although saliva could be considered to be an ideal biological sample for evaluation of biomarkers relat- ing to stress and inflammatory responses in pigs, little is known about how these might be influenced by the presence of endotoxaemia. In the present study, the response to repeated administrations of li- popolysaccharide (LPS) was investigated, using a panel of salivary stress markers such as chromogranin A (CgA) and cortisol, as well as inflammatory/immune markers such as haptoglobin (Hp), C-reactive protein (CRP) and immunoglobulin A (IgA). Sixteen growing pigs were adapted to experimental conditions for 3 weeks, after which, 10 of the pigs were selected to receive three doses of LPS at 48 h intervals. Saliva samples were taken from all pigs prior to any LPS administration (baseline) and at time points corresponding to 3 h after each injection of LPS (T1, T2 and T3). Results showed that repeated administration of LPS induced significant elevation of salivary markers of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (cortisol) and immune (Hp, CRP and IgA) activity compared to base- line levels (P < 0.05). However, rectal temperature, CRP and cortisol data suggested that the amplitude of the inflammatory response decreased with successive LPS administrations. Thus, measurement of sal- ivary biomarkers could be a practical tool for evaluating the inflammatory response to endotoxaemia in pigs. In the case of chronic inflammatory states, salivary Hp and IgA might be more sensitive markers than CRP or cortisol.
Open Access
Effect of sow body weight at first service on body status and performance during first parity and lifetime
(MDPI, 2022-12-02) Carrión López, María José; Orengo Femenia, Juan; Madrid Sánchez, Josefa; Vargas, Antonio; Martínez Miró, Silvia; Producción Animal
In this retrospective study, we aimed to assess the effect of body weight (BW) at first service on body status development and sow performance during first parity and lifetime efficiency. A total of 360 DanBred gilts were used, which we categorized into three groups according to their BW: (1) Small sows (<135 kg BW; n = 108); (2) Medium sows (135–150 kg BW; n = 155); (3) Large sows (>150 kg BW; n = 63). We studied the gilts from first insemination to first weaning, and then monitored until culling. Sow body status, litter size and weight, farrowing rate, weaning-to-conception interval, lifetime performance, and hormones linked to metabolism were recorded. Sows in the Small group had the lowest body weight, backfat thickness, and loin depth during gestation. Moreover, they had the smallest number of total piglets born and longest weaning-to-conception interval at first parity. The Small sows also had, on average, one less piglet born during their productive life, and they tended to have a higher culling rate over three parities. For immunoglobulins, insulin, cortisol, and IGF-I levels, no differences were found. In conclusion, achieving optimal body weight at first service is essential for maximizing the sow’s lifetime performance.
Open Access
Effects of Agro-Industrial Byproduct-Based Diets on the Growth Performance, Digestibility, Nutritional and Microbiota Composition of Mealworm (Tenebrio molitor L.)
(MDPI, 2022-03-25) Montalbán, Ana; Sánchez, Cristian J.; Hernández, Fuensanta; Schiavone, Achille; Madrid, Josefa; Martínez-Miró, Silvia; Producción Animal; Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of agro-industrial byproduct-based diets on the productive parameters, digestibility, insect composition, and gut microbiota of mealworm (Tenebrio molitor) larvae. Three formulations corresponding to three different levels of starch and protein were tested: one formulation based on bread remains and brewer’s yeast, representing a diet of high starch (61.1%) and low crude protein (18.5%) (HS-LP); and two formulations in which an additional four byproducts (courgette (Cucurbita pepo) remains, tigernut (Cyperus scelentus) pulp, brewer’s spent grains, and rice straw) were incorporated in different proportions, consistent with a diet of both moderate starch (29.8%) and crude protein (21.0%) (MS-MP); and another corresponding to a diet of low starch (20.0%) and high crude protein (26.3%) (LS-HP). A total of 1920 young larvae (average weight = 0.65 mg per larva) were used in this study. The larvae were randomly distributed into 16 replicates per treatment (boxes of 22.5 cm 14.0 cm 4.75 cm). Ten replicates for the growth performance–digestibility trial and six replicates for the complementary trial to determine uric acid levels in the frass were assigned per treatment. For growth performance, the diets were administered ad libitum during the experiment. The average number of days for the larvae to start pupating was lower in those reared on the HS-LP and LS-HP diets (88.90 and 91.00 days, respectively) than those on the MS-MP diet (120.09 days) (p < 0.001). The final individual weight was higher (p < 0.001) in larvae of the LS-HP group (168.69 mg) compared to those of the other groups (100.29 and 112.99 mg for HS-LP and MS-MP, respectively). However, the feed conversion ratio was better (p < 0.001) in the HS-LP group with the lowest value (1.39 g/g), with dry matter digestibility being the highest for the same diet (70.38%) (p < 0.001). Mealworms reared on LS-HP and MS-MP diets had a higher crude protein content than those reared on the HS-LP diet (p = 0.039). The most abundant phyla in the gut microbiota of larvae were Tenericutes, Proteobacteria, and Firmicutes, with their abundance depending on the rearing substrate. The representation of Tenericutes phylum was higher (p < 0.05) in the mealworms reared on MS-MP and HS-LP diets, whereas Proteobacteria and Cyanobacteria were higher in abundance (p < 0.001) in the insects reared on LS-HP. In conclusion, the larval growth, digestibility, insect composition, and gut microbiota of Tenebrio molitor were found to depend on the composition of the administered diet, and the results suggest great potential for the use of agro-industrial byproducts in their rearing and production.
Open Access
Effects of Commercial Antioxidants in Feed on Growth Performance and Oxidative Stress Status ofWeaned Piglets
(MDPI AG, 2021-01-21) Orengo Femenia, Juan; Hernández Ruipérez, Fuensanta; Martínez Miró, Silvia; Sánchez Parra, Cristian Jesús; Peres Rubio, Camila; Madrid Sánchez, Josefa; Producción Animal
This work aimed to evaluate the effect of adding two different commercial antioxidants (AOX) products to pre-starter and starter diets using low vitamin E (Vit E as DL- -tocopheryl acetate) levels on the growth performance and oxidative stress of piglets for the first six weeks post-weaning (PW). They were sorted by initial body weight (BW: 6.175 0.931 kg) and randomly allotted to four dietary treatments (with six replicates per treatment): a positive control (PC) and a negative control (NC) diet, with normal and low dose of vitamin E (80 and 15 mg kg􀀀1, respectively), both without AOX; the other two experimental diets with a low dose of vitamin E (LVE) plus LOXIDAN VD100 (LVE + AOX1) or LOXIDAN E Ros (LVE + AOX2). Growth data were recorded, and blood samples were taken, at the beginning (day 0) and at the end of each feeding period: pre-starter and starter (at days 14 and 42, respectively). No differences among dietary treatments were found with respect to growth performance in the pre-starter period (p 0.05). However, at the end of the starter period, a lower BW was found in piglets fed the NC diet compared to the other dietary treatments. Differences in daily gain and feed conversion ratio were also found either for the starter period or when the whole period was considered (p < 0.05), whereby piglets fed PC or LVE diets supplemented with AOX showed better growth performance compared to piglets fed the NC diet. Regarding Vit E ( -tocopherol) serum levels, there were no differences among treatments at day 0; but the serum values of this vitamin decreased in LVE diets at 14 and 42 days, but not in the PC. On day 42, the highest levels of -tocopherol in liver were also found in piglets fed PC (p < 0.05). Nevertheless, in general, from a metabolic point of view and after checking the serum biochemical profile of piglets, there were no differences in other oxidative stress markers (p 0.05). The results showed that the AOX products used were able to compensate for the lower Vit E supply with respect to growth performance in the starter phase. The use of AOXs or usual levels of Vit E in feed constitutes a key factor in achieving optimal growth performance of piglets in the PW period.
Open Access
Effects of the feeding level in early gestation on body reserves and the productive and reproductive performance of primiparous and multiparous sows
(Elsevier, 2022-05-28) Carrión-López, M. José; Madrid, Josefa; Martínez-Miró, Silvia; Hernández, Fuensanta; Orengo, Juan; Producción Animal
Early gestation may be the best period for sows to recover body reserve losses from previous lactation. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of different levels of restricted feeding in early gestation on the body status, productive and reproductive performance, and hormonal-metabolic status of primiparous and multiparous sows. A total of 130 sows were randomly assigned to one of three feeding levels: Treatment I, which sows were fed at the level commonly used from day 3 to 28 of gestation (2.5 kg⋅d-1 of a diet with 2.18 Mcal NE⋅kg-1 and 13.72 g CP⋅kg-1), and Treatments II and III, where feed was increased by 25% and 50%, respectively. Sow body status, litter size and weight, early mortalities, reproductive rates, weaning-to-estrus interval, and hormones linked to metabolism were recorded. The highest weight gain, body condition score, and backfat thickness were found in sows fed Treatment III compared to those fed the usual feeding level (Treatment I). No differences among treatment groups were found in litter size or litter weight, although a tendency for more live born piglets and fewer stillbirths was found in sows fed Treatment III. In contrast, litters from sows fed at higher feeding levels had a higher mortality at 72 h compared to those fed at the lowest feeding level (I), which was partly linked to a higher percentage of piglets culled at birth and piglets weighing less than 800 g. There were no differences in conception and farrowing rates, leptin, progesterone, insulin, or cortisol among treatment groups applied in early gestation. In conclusion, increasing the feeding level in sows during early gestation to improve their short-term productive and reproductive performance remains controversial. Further studies are needed to focus on how the restricted feeding level applied could affect the viability and proportion of low-weight piglets.
Open Access
El caballo anglo-árabe en España
(Universidad de Murcia, 2001) Meseguer Meseguer, José María; Fuentes García, Francisco Cayetano; Hevia Méndez, María Luisa; Producción Animal; Facultades de la UMU::Facultad de Veterinaria
Se ha realizado un estudio censal, faneroptico, morfometrico y reproductivo sobre la raza Anglo-Arabe. La evolucion de los censos se ha seguido mediante el estudio del Libro de Registro de la raza en el periodo 1847-1997, experimentando una tendencia general ascendente aunque en ciertas epocas se peroduce un descenso del numero de ejemplares. Tras el estudio de la capa de la poblacion inscrita en el Libro Genealogico se comprueba que en España las coloraciones mas frecuentes son la alazana (48,96%), la castaña (35,18%) y la torda (14,03%), el resto (0,93%) corresponde a otras capas (negra, baya, ruana e isabela). Se ha efectuado un estudio morfometrico (24 medidas corporales y 12 indices zoometricos) sobre una muestra de 104 animales (50 caballos y 54 yeguas). Sobre los datos numericos se ha realizado un tratamiento estadistico basico, asi como analisis de varianza, analisis factorial de componentes principales y analisis discriminante paso a paso. La media obtenida para la alzada a la cruz es de 161,7+-4,3 cm. En los machos y de 161,4+-3,7 cm en las hembras. El diametro longitudinal alcaza valores de 158,5+-5,6 cm y 160,0+- 5,5 cm. En caballos y yeguas respectivamente. Se han estudiado los parametros reproductivos de 134 yeguas y 82 sementales. Las hembras tienen una vida sexual activa de 10,1 años durante los que el numero de productos es de 5,5, con un indice de fecundacion de 55,56 y cociente sexual 0,997. En los machos estos parametros reflejan valores de 8,1 años; 18,9 productos, 234,19 y 0,945 respectivamente.
Open Access
Evaluation of a wood-based feed supplement as an alternative to zinc oxide: Effects on growth, antioxidant and inflammatory status, and gut integrity in weaned piglets
(Elsevier B.V., 2025-07-11) Orengo Femenia, Juan; Serrano, Daniel; Murciano Rodríguez, Francisco; Christine Potthast; Stefan Hirtenlehner; Maria José Carrión-López; Ramis Vidal, Manuel Guillermo; Producción Animal
From July 2022, the European Union banned therapeutic doses of zinc oxide (ZnO) in animal feed, prompting interest in alternative dietary supplements with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The study examined the effects of adding a wood-based feed supplement, rich in lignans and phenolic acids, to pre-starter and starter diets on piglet growth performance and intestinal integrity post-weaning. A total of 126 piglets were randomly assigned to three treatments: positive control (PC) and negative control (NC) diets with or without high doses of ZnO in the pre-starter diet (Zn levels exceeding 2500 mg/kg vs. 150 mg/kg), and a diet containing a wood-based supplement (WBS) at a dosage of 1500 mg/kg. Growth parameters were assessed weekly during the post-weaning period. Moreover, blood and fecal samples were collected at 14 days to analyze antioxidant parameters, acute phase proteins, and gene expression related to gut integrity and immune response. No differences in feed conversion ratio were observed among dietary treatments. However, PC and WPS piglets had higher feed intake than those from NC. The growth rate in WPS piglets was intermediate and not different from both control groups. The PC group showed higher relative quantification for IL1β, IFNα, TNFα and occludin than the NC group, whereas piglets fed WBS treatment showed intermediate figures. Overall, the study suggests that dietary inclusion of the wood-based supplement showed promise in promoting increased feed intake and moderate anti-inflammatory activity in weaned piglets, potentially mitigating production losses resulting from the ban on therapeutic levels of ZnO in the early post-weaning period.
Open Access
In vivo and in vitro Digestibility of an Extruded Complete Dog Food Containing Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) Larvae Meal as Protein Source
(Frontiers, 2021-06-11) Penazzi, Livio; Schiavone, Achille; Russo, Natalia; Nery, Joana; Valle, Emanuela; Madrid, Josefa; Martínez, Silvia; Hernandez, Fuensanta; Pagani, Elena; Ala, Ugo; Prola, Liviana; Producción Animal; Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Grugliasco, Italy; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
Growing attention is being directed toward insects as a novel and sustainable source of protein for pet food. The aim of the study was to evaluate nutrient digestibility of a diet containing black soldier fly larvae as its main protein source. Moreover, the purpose of the study was to compare the traditional in vivo total collection method with the in vivo marker method and in vitro digestibility method. Two isonitrogenous and isoenergetic dry diets containing either venison meal (CTRL diet) or black soldier fly larvae meal (BSF diet) as their primary sources of proteins were fed to six adult dogs, according to a Latin square design. The digestibility of nutrients was determined using both in vivo (“total collection” and “internal marker” approaches) and in vitro methods. The two diets showed similar nutrient digestibility values for dry matter, organic matter, ether extract, ash, and phosphorus. However, a statistical trend (p = 0.066) was observed indicating greater protein digestibility in the BSF diet compared with the CTRL diet. Calcium digestibility was higher in the BSF diet compared with the CTRL diet (p = 0.018). On the contrary, fiber digestibility was lower in the insect-based diet compared with the venison diet (p < 0.001). There was no difference between total collection and internal marker methods in the assessment of in vivo digestibility for any of the nutrients considered. The in vitro digestibility values for dry matter, organic matter, and crude protein, as well as the estimated in vivo digestibility of organic matter and crude protein by the means of the predictive equation, were aligned with the in vivo results, although in vitro estimations were consistently higher compared with those obtained by in vivo analysis. Digestibility analysis of a dog food containing insect meal as the sole source of protein (36.5% inclusion) showed promising results in terms of it presenting similar values as a meat-based diet, indicating its suitability as a sustainable protein source for pet food. Moreover, the study showed that both the in vivo marker method and the in vitro method could be possible alternatives to the traditional total collection method in digestibility trials.
Open Access
Iron bioavailability of four iron sources used to fortify infant cereals, using anemic weaning pigs as a model
(Springer, 2018-06-11) Caballero, Ana M.; Martínez, Carmen; Martínez-Miró, Silvia; Madrid, Josefa; Domenech, Guillermo; López, Rubén; Santaella-Pascual, Marina; González Bermúdez, Carlos Alberto; Producción Animal
Purpose Iron (Fe) deficiency anemia in young children is a global health concern which can be reduced by Fe fortification of foods. Cereal is often one of the first foods given to infants, providing adequate quantities of Fe during weaning. In this work, we have compared iron bioavailability and iron status of four iron sources used to fortify infant cereals, employing piglets as an animal model. Method The study was conducted on 36 piglets, 30 of them with induced anemia. From day 28 of life, the weaned piglets were fed with four experimental diets (n = 6) each fortified with 120 mg Fe/kg by ferrous sulfate heptahydrate (FSH), electrolytic iron (EI), ferrous fumarate (FF), or micronized dispersible ferric pyrophosphate (MDFP) for another 21 days. In addition, one group of six anemic piglets fed with the basal diet with no iron added (Control−) and a Control+ group of non-anemic piglets (n = 6) were also studied. Blood indicators of iron status were measured after depletion and during the repletion period. The Fe content in organs, hemoglobin regeneration efficiency, and relative bioavailability (RBV) was also determined. Results The Fe salts adequately treated anemia in the piglets, allowing the animals to recover from the anemic state, although EI was less efficient with regard to replenishing Fe stores giving lower concentrations of plasma ferritin and iron in the spleen, liver, lung, and kidney. In addition, the RBV of EI was 88.27% with respect to the reference iron salt (FSH). Conclusions Ferrous fumarate and MDFP were equally as bioavailable as the reference salt, and were used significantly better than EI in piglets. These results contribute to extend the evidence-based results for recommending the most suitable fortificant for infant cereals.
Open Access
Measurement of chromogranin A in porcine saliva: validation of a time-resolved immunofluorometric assay and evaluation of its application as a marker of acute stress
(Elsevier, 2013-11-09) Escribano Tortosa, Damián; Soler Vasco, Laura; Gutiérrez Montes, Ana María; Martínez Subiela, Silvia; Cerón Madrigal, José Joaquín; Cerón Madrigal, José Joaquín; Producción Animal
The objective of this study was to develop and validate a time-resolved immunofluorometric assay (TR-IFMA) for porcine salivary chromogranin A (CgA) measurements, using a species-specific antibody, and evaluate its behaviour in an acute stress model. Polyclonal antibodies were produced in rabbits immunized with a synthetic porcine fragment of CgA3592379 and used to develop a sandwich TR-IFMA. This TR-IFMA was analytically validated and showed intra- and inter-assay coefficients of variation of 6.23% and 5.82%, respectively, an analytical limit of detection of 4.27 3 1023 mg/ml and a limit of quantification of 24.5 3 1023 mg/ml. The assay also demonstrated a high level of accuracy, as determined by linearity under dilution ( r 5 0.975) and recovery tests. When a model of experimental acute stress, in which animals were immobilized for 3 min with a nose snare (stressor stimulus), was applied, a significant increase ( P , 0.05) in CgA levels in saliva was detected at 15 min post-stressor stimulus. These results indicate that the assay developed in this study could measure CgA in porcine saliva in a reliable way and that the concentrations of CgA in saliva samples of pigs increase after an acute stress situation.
Embargo
One-year follow-up of anti-Leishmania antibody concentrations in serum and saliva from experimentally infected dogs
(ELSEVIER SCI LTD, 2019-06-26) Cantos Barreda, Ana; Escribano, Damián; Egui, Adriana; Thomas, M.Carmen; López, Manuel C; Tecles, Fernando; Bernal, Luis J; Cerón, José Joaquín; Martínez Subiela, Silvia; Escribano Tortosa, Damián; Producción Animal
The quantification of anti-Leishmania antibodies in serum and saliva by a time-resolved immunofluoro- metric assay is useful for the diagnosis and treatment monitoring of dogs with clinical leishmaniasis. We compared the kinetics of anti-Leishmania IgG2 and IgA antibodies in serum and saliva from 11 Beagle dogs experimentally infected with Leishmania infantum. Most dogs showed detectable concentrations of anti-Leishmania IgG2 earlier in serum (between 3 and 4 months p.i.) than in saliva (between 4 and 6 months p.i.). Overall, a high correlation between concentrations of anti-Leishmania IgG2 in serum and saliva (r = 0.853; P < 0.0001) was observed. The quantification of anti-Leishmania IgA showed less diagnostic value than IgG2, since detectable amounts of IgA were not observed in the saliva of four dogs and in the serum of one dog. In addition, a very low correlation between anti-Leishmania IgA in serum and saliva (r = 0.289; P < 0.001) was observed. Our results indicate that the antibodies against L. infantum in saliva appear approximately 1 month later than in serum, and suggest that there is a threshold for the passing of immunoglobulins from serum to saliva in dogs. These facts should be taken into consideration for a proper interpretation of saliva assays for quantification of antibodies.
Open Access
Partially defatted black soldier fly larvameal inclusion in piglet diets: effects on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood profile, gut morphology and histological features
(Biomedcentral (BMC), 2019-02-19) Biasato, Ilaria; Renna, Manuela; Gai, Francesco; Dabbou, Sihem; Meneguz, Marco; Perona, Giovanni; Martínez-Miró, Silvia; Barroeta Lajusticia, Cristina; Bergagna, Stefania; Sardi, Luca; Capucchio, Maria Teresa; Bressan, Enrico; Dama, Andrea; Schiavone, Achille; Gasco, Laura; Producción Animal; Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Turin, Largo P. Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, (TO), Italy.; Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Largo P. Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, (TO) Turin; National Research Council, Institute of Science of Food Production, Largo P. Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, (TO), Italy; SDSV – Teaching Structure of Veterinary Medicine, University of Turin, Largo P. Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, (TO), Italy; Department of Animal Production, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30071 Murcia, Spain; Department of Animal and Food Science, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.; Veterinary Medical Research Institute for Piemonte, Liguria and the Valle D’Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Turin, Italy.; Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064 Ozzano dell’Emilia, (BO), Italy
Background: The aim of this trial was to investigate the effects of different inclusion levels of a partially defatted black soldier fly (BSF, Hermetia illucens L.) larva meal on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood profile, gut morphology and histological features of piglets. A total of 48 newly weaned piglets were individually weighed (initial body weight (IBW): 6.1 ± 0.16 kg) and randomly allocated to 3 dietary treatments (4 boxes as replicates/treatment and 4 animals/box). BSF larva meal was included at increasing levels (0% [BSF0], 5% [BSF5] and 10% [BSF10]) in isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets formulated for two feeding phases: I (fromd 1 to d 23) and II (fromd 24 to d 61). The weight gain (WG), average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were calculated for each feeding phase and for the whole trial. The haematochemical parameters and nutrient digestibility of the piglets were also evaluated. A total of 3 piglets per box were slaughtered on d 61 and the slaughtered piglets were submitted to morphometric investigations and histopathological examinations. Results: No overall significant differences were observed for growth performance (P >0.05), except for the ADFI of phase II, which showed a linear response to increasing BSF meal levels (P < 0.05, maximum for the BSF10 group). Dietary BSF meal inclusion did not significantly influence the blood profile, except as far as monocytes and neutrophils are concerned, and these showed a linear and quadratic response, respectively, to increasing BSF meal levels (P < 0.05, maximum for the BSF10 and BSF5 groups, respectively). On the other hand, the nutrient digestibility, gut morphology and histological features were not affected by dietary BSF meal inclusion (P > 0.05). Conclusions: The obtained results show that a partially defatted BSF larva meal can be used as a feed ingredient in diets for weaned piglets without negatively affecting their growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood profile, gut morphology or histological features.
Open Access
Physicochemical characteristics of fibre sources and their effects on in vitro Escherichia coli infection in IPEC-J2 cells
(Taylor & Francis, 2025-05-09) Ruiz, Eduardo; Martínez Miró, Silvia; Hernández Ruipérez, Fuensanta; Ayala García, Lucía; Madrid Sánchez, Josefa; Ortega Hernández, Nieves; Producción Animal
Feed-related strategies, such as adding fibre to weaned-piglets’ feed, have been suggested to reduce the impact of Escherichia coli (E. coli) in swine production. We performed physicochemical analysis of fibre sources (wheat bran, commercial insoluble fibre (commercial IF), almond shell, beet pulp, dry olive cake, and oat hull) and examined the effects of their soluble fractions on fimbriated (F4) and non-fimbriated (NF) E. coli. Intestinal porcine epithelial (IPEC-J2) cells were used as an in vitro model. Almond shell and commercial IF contained more insoluble and total dietary fibre (p < 0.001), while wheat bran contained the least total dietary fibre (p < 0.001). Beet pulp contained the most soluble fibre and had the highest water holding capacity (p < 0.001). Commercial IF had the highest swelling capacity (p < 0.001) and dry olive cake the highest cold solubility (p < 0.001). Based on adherence assays, wheat bran, oat hull, almond shell, and dry olive cake significantly prevented E. coli F4 from adhering to IPEC-J2 cells, whereas for NF E. coli, only dry olive cake reduced bacterial infection (p < 0.05). Dry olive cake was the most effective in reducing expression of proinflammatory cytokines, predominantly interleukin 8 (IL-8) and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) (p < 0.001). In conclusion, aqueous extracts of wheat bran, oat hull, almond shell, and dry olive cake contain compounds that interfere with E. coli F4 adherence to IPEC-J2 cells.

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