http://hdl.handle.net/10201/1343 2013-05-21T17:10:34Z http://hdl.handle.net/10201/28517 Título: Is there a Producer Quality Wage Premium similar to the Exporter Wage Premium Autor/es principal/es: Hernández, Pedro Jesús Resumen: Exporter wage premium has been widely studied in the literature on international trade. The aim of this paper is analyze whether there is also a producer quality wage premium at firm level, and if so, analyze whether its origin is similar to the exporter wage premium. In other words, I test whether firms that increase their product quality become more productive and pay higher wages (as with the learning by exporting hypothesis, we can speak of learning by producing quality), or, in contrast, more-productive firms with higher wages opt to increase product quality because their higher productivity means these kinds of decisions and investments can be taken with more guarantees (self-selection hypothesis). 2012-09-18T14:00:27Z http://hdl.handle.net/10201/26673 Título: The Natural Resource Curse: An Analysis of the Dutch Case based on Sectoral Economies of Scale Autor/es principal/es: Maria-Dolores, Ramón; Morales, José Rodolfo Resumen: This paper analyzes the curse of natural resources from a new approach, taking as reference object the economy of the Netherlands. It is shown how the deindustrialization process of an economy suffers as a result of the natural resource sector development, and how it may cause lower growth rates when the industrial sector has certain features. As a starting point, we proceed with an estimation of production functions for different sectors of the economy in order to quantify the economies of scale in each of them. Subsequently, by means of a constrained optimization model, a boom in the natural resource sector is simulated and the results obtained under different scenarios are discussed by comparing them with a base scenario. The results obtained suggest that the curse of natural resources can occur if the expansion of the natural resource sector is high, in this case being the lower economic growth rate. This curse could be mitigated by expanding the areas of high productivity in non-tradable goods. It is also noted that the higher the labour market rigidity the result it will be a lower economic growth rate, and a combination of these rigidities with a pronounced expansion in the resource sector could lead to further reductions in economic growth rates. 2012-02-24T11:55:58Z http://hdl.handle.net/10201/26464 Título: The comovement between height and some economic development indicators in Spain Autor/es principal/es: Maria-Dolores, Ramon; Martínez Carrion, José Miguel Resumen: This paper investigates the relationship between height and some measures of human welfare in Spain for the period 1850-1978. For that purpose, we employ several filtering methods to measure the correlation between variables such as first order differences, deterministic trends, the Hodrick and Prescott filter, the band-pass filter or den Haan (2000)’s methodology which uses a new set of statistics to characterize the co-movement between variables to capture the dynamic between variables. We always find a strong and positive correlation between height and GDP per cápita, height and the weight of health services in total consumption, and height and openness. By contrast, we have a negative correlation between height and the mortality rate and height and the ratio between the deflator of private consumption and the GDP deflator. By applying den Haan (2000)’s method, we find that the comovement between height and GDP per cápita is always positive, increasing in the medium and long-run. This correlation is higher after the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939). We also observe that height and mortality rate have a negative correlation in the medium-run. Other health indicators such as the weight of health services in total consumption and the ratio between the deflator of private consumption and the GDP deflator show a positive and negative co-movement in the short-run, respectively. Nevertheless, they change their sign of correlation in the long-run. Finally, we observe a positive co-movement between height and illiteracy rate in the short-run, a negative one in the long-run, and a strong and positive comovement between height and the grade of openness. 2012-02-08T17:44:52Z http://hdl.handle.net/10201/16347 Título: Measurable utility for scientific influence Autor/es principal/es: Burgos, Albert Resumen: I give necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of a cardinal utility function to represent, through summation, rankings of scientific units based on their journal articles and its citations. I discuss and interpret the meaning of those conditions, its connections with inequality theory and the theory of choice under uncertainty, and I connect the results of this approach to other performance measures provided by the literature on citation analysis. 2010-10-26T14:29:47Z http://hdl.handle.net/10201/13255 Título: Lobbyin to prevent commercial piracy Autor/es principal/es: Martínez-Sánchez, Francisco Resumen: In this paper we develop a common agency model to analyze the problem of pirates entering the market, in which the incumbent and the consumers form pressure groups to lobby the government on policies to prevent piracy while the pirates try to avoid being stopped. We show that a monopoly is not an equilibrium when both the incumbent and consumers lobby the government, and that the cost of monitoring commercial piracy is very important in determining (truthful) equilibria, as is the case where there is no lobby competition. However, it is now more difficult getting the pirate to enter the market. 2010-06-23T12:01:45Z http://hdl.handle.net/10201/10609 Título: Ranking Scientists Autor/es principal/es: Burgos, Albert Resumen: Purpose: I provide a framework to construct rankings of scientists based on journal articles and their citations. Design/Methodology/Approach: I assume a model in which the quantity and the impact of publications are economic goods and scientific committees derive utility from them. The committees’s utility is therefore defined on the set of ordered pairs of the type (k, ck ) interpreted as “the kth most important publication of a given author has ck cites.” Within this framework, I derive the performance measure induced by utility maximization. Findings: I prove that when quantity and impact are perfect substitutes, the induced performance index is the w-index in Woeginger (2008a) [“An axiomatic characterization of the Hirsch-index,” Mathematical Social Sciences, 56, 224—232.] In the case where quantity and impact are perfect complementaries, the induced performance index is the well known h-index in Hirsch (2005) [ “An index to quantify an individual scientific research output,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 102 (46), 16569—16572.] Finally, when preferences are of Cobb-Douglas type, i.e. the trade off between quantity and impact equals the ratio between papers and cites, the induced index is Komulski’s 2007) maxprod index [“MAXPROD—A new index for assesment of the scientific output of an individual, and a comparison with the h-index,” International Journal of Scientometrics, Informetrics, and Bibliometrics,, 11 (1).] Research limitations: The analysis of this model does not include some widely extended measures, as the criteria of average citations per paper. Originality/Value: This model allows for a re-examination in terms of academic preferences of some scientific impact measures. Conversely, the model can help ranking designers to fit the needs of the institution using the ranking by first calibrating a utility function and then find the ranking induced by this utility. 2010-03-02T14:59:57Z http://hdl.handle.net/10201/9723 Título: Do Social Networks Prevent Bank Runs? Autor/es principal/es: Garcia-Rosa, Alfonso; Kiss, Hubert Janos; Rodriguez-Lara, Ismael Resumen: We develop, both theoretically and experimentally, a stereotypical environment that allows for co-ordination breakdown, leading to a bank run. Three depositors are located at the nodes of a network and have to decide whether to keep their funds deposited or to withdraw. One of the depositors has immediate liquidity needs, whereas the other two depositors do not. Depositors act sequentially and observe others’ actions only if connected by the network. Theoretically, a link connecting the first two depositors to decide is sufficient to avoid a bank run. However, our experimental evidence shows that subjects’choice is not a¤ected by the existence of the link per se. Instead, being observed and the particular action that is observed determine subjects’choice. Our results highlight the importance of initial decisions in the emergence of a bank run. In particular, Bayesian analysis reveals that subjects clearly depart from predicted behavior when observing a withdrawal. 2010-01-18T14:58:19Z http://hdl.handle.net/10201/9647 Título: The Relationship between Height and Economic Development in Spain.An Historical Perspective Autor/es principal/es: María-Dolores, Ramon; Martínez Carrión, José Miguel Resumen: This paper investigates the relationship between height and economic development in the modern Spain. The relation is investigated using recently constructed times series with recruitment data of conscripts. We observed changes in average height along the analyzed period. These variations could be explained by different indicators of economic development such as for consumption of hygiene products, for deflator of private consumption, schooling rate, infant mortality and trade. We model human stature as a Vector Autoregressive Model (VAR) and we proceed to estimate a Vector Autoregressive Equilibrium Correction Model (VECqM) to quantify the height response to different changes in the different explanatory variables. The analysis shows that there is a long-run relationship between height, income, and other indicators of economic development in Spain as consumption of hygiene products, and the degree of openness. 2010-01-11T13:07:43Z http://hdl.handle.net/10201/5606 Título: Copying, superstars and artistic creation Autor/es principal/es: Alcalá, Francisco; Gonzalez-Maestre, Miguel Resumen: We provide a new perspective on the impact of unauthorized copying and copy levies on artistic creation. Our analysis emphasizes three important aspects of artistic markets: the predominance of superstars, the dynamics of talent sorting, and the importance of promotion expenditures. In the short run, piracy reduces superstars’ earnings and market share, and increases the number of rich and young artists. From a dynamic perspective, piracy may help more young artists start their careers, thereby increasing the number of highly talented artists in the long run. The long run impact on artistic creation of levies on copy equipment may crucially depend on whether their yields primarily accrue to superstars or are allocated to help young artists. 2009-09-28T11:13:58Z http://hdl.handle.net/10201/5504 Título: Structural reforms and budget deficits in a monetary union: a strategic approach Autor/es principal/es: Campoy, Juan Cristobal; Negrete, Juan Carlos Resumen: This paper explores the interrelations between budget deficits and structural reforms in a monetary union. The analysis considers the international spillovers generated by both policies. We show that efforts to achieve fiscal policy coordination within the Eurozone reduce member countries’ incentives to carry out much-needed structural reforms. As a consequence, this cooperation can turn out to be welfare-reducting if it not extended to the implementation of structural reforms. 2009-09-16T10:30:12Z